ଇଟ୍ରିଅମ

ଇଟ୍ରିଅମ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Y ଓ ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୩୯ ।

Yttrium,  ₃₉Y

ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ	yttrium, Y
Appearance	silvery white
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/ˈɪtriəm/ IT-ree-əm
Yttrium in the periodic table
Sc ↑ Y ↓ Lu strontium ← yttrium → zirconium
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)	39
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ	group 3, d-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ	period 5
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର	transition metal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (Ar)	88.90585
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ	[Kr] 4d1 5s2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 9, 2
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥା	solid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ	1799 K ​(1526 °C, ​2779 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ	3609 K ​(3336 °C, ​6037 °F)
Density near r.t.	4.472 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	4.24 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	11.42 kJ/mol
Heat of	365 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.53 J/(mol·K)
pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1883 2075 (2320) (2627) (3036) (3607)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	3, 2, 1 (weakly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.22
Atomic radius	empirical: 180 pm
Covalent radius	190±7 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed of sound thin rod	3300 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	(r.t.) (α, poly) 10.6 µm/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity	17.2 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	(r.t.) (α, poly) 596 n Ω·m
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	63.5 GPa
Shear modulus	25.6 GPa
Bulk modulus	41.2 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.243
Brinell hardness	589 MPa
CAS Number	7440-65-5
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାର	Johan Gadolin (1794)
First isolation	Carl Gustav Mosander (1840)
Most stable isotopes of yttrium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 87Y syn 3.35 d ε - 87Sr γ 0.48, 0.38D - 88Y syn 106.6 d ε - 88Sr γ 1.83, 0.89 - 89Y 100% 89Y is stable with 50 neutrons 90Y syn 2.67 d β− 2.28 90Zr γ 2.18 - 91Y syn 58.5 d β− 1.54 91Zr γ 1.20 -

ସହାୟକ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥ

• Daane, A. H. (1968). "Yttrium". In Hampel, Clifford A. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of the Chemical Elements. New York: Reinhold Book Corporation. pp. 810–821. LCCN 68-29938.
• Emsley, John (2001). "Yttrium". Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford, England, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 495–498. ISBN 0-19-850340-7.
• Gadolin, Johan (1794). "Undersökning af en svart tung Stenart ifrån Ytterby Stenbrott i Roslagen". Kongl. Vetenskaps Academiens Nya Handlingar. 15: 137–155.
• Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.
• Stwertka, Albert (1998). "Yttrium". Guide to the Elements (Revised ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 115–116. ISBN 0-19-508083-1.
• van der Krogt, Peter (2005-05-05). "39 Yttrium". Elementymology & Elements Multidict. Retrieved 2008-08-06.

ଆହୁରି ପଢନ୍ତୁ

• ଛାଞ୍ଚ:Ref patent
• EPA contributors (2008-07-31). "Strontium: Health Effects of Strontium-90". US Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 2008-08-26. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ

• Yttrium at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)