ବିସ୍‌ମଥ

(Bismuthରୁ ଲେଉଟି ଆସିଛି)

ବିସ୍‌ମଥ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Biପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୮୩ ।

Bismuth,  83Bi
ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକbismuth, Bi
Appearancelustrous silver
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ/ˈbɪzməθ/ BIZ-məth
Bismuth in the periodic table
Hydrogen (other non-metal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (other non-metal)
Nitrogen (other non-metal)
Oxygen (other non-metal)
Fluorine (halogen)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (other non-metal)
Sulfur (other non-metal)
Chlorine (halogen)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (other non-metal)
Bromine (halogen)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (halogen)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanoid)
Cerium (lanthanoid)
Praseodymium (lanthanoid)
Neodymium (lanthanoid)
Promethium (lanthanoid)
Samarium (lanthanoid)
Europium (lanthanoid)
Gadolinium (lanthanoid)
Terbium (lanthanoid)
Dysprosium (lanthanoid)
Holmium (lanthanoid)
Erbium (lanthanoid)
Thulium (lanthanoid)
Ytterbium (lanthanoid)
Lutetium (lanthanoid)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (halogen)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinoid)
Thorium (actinoid)
Protactinium (actinoid)
Uranium (actinoid)
Neptunium (actinoid)
Plutonium (actinoid)
Americium (actinoid)
Curium (actinoid)
Berkelium (actinoid)
Californium (actinoid)
Einsteinium (actinoid)
Fermium (actinoid)
Mendelevium (actinoid)
Nobelium (actinoid)
Lawrencium (actinoid)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Ununtrium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununpentium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununseptium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununoctium (unknown chemical properties)
Sb

Bi

Uup
leadbismuthpolonium
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)83
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକgroup 15 (pnictogens), p-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟperiod 6
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର  post-transition metal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (±) (Ar)208.98040(1)
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
per shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥାsolid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ544.7 K ​(271.5 °C, ​520.7 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ1837 K ​(1564 °C, ​2847 °F)
Density near r.t.9.78 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.10.05 g/cm3
Heat of fusion11.30 kJ/mol
Heat of 151 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity25.52 J/(mol·K)
 pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 941 1041 1165 1325 1538 1835
Atomic properties
Oxidation states5, 4, 3, 2, 1 ​mildly acidic oxide
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.02
energies
(more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 156 pm
Covalent radius148±4 pm
Van der Waals radius207 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structurerhombohedral[୧]
Rhombohedral crystal structure for bismuth
Speed of sound thin rod1790 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion13.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity7.97 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity1.29 µ Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic
Young's modulus32 GPa
Shear modulus12 GPa
Bulk modulus31 GPa
Poisson ratio0.33
Mohs hardness2.25
Brinell hardness94.2 MPa
CAS Number7440-69-9
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାରClaude François Geoffroy (1753)
Most stable isotopes of bismuth
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
207Bi syn 31.55 y β+ 2.399 207Pb
208Bi syn 3.68×105 y β+ 2.880 208Pb
209Bi 100% 1.9×1019 y α 3.137 205Tl
210Bi trace 5.012 d β 1.426 210Po
α 5.982 206Tl
210mBi syn 3.04×106 y IT 0.271 210Bi
α 6.253 206Tl
| references

ଧର୍ମ ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ଭୌତିକ ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ରସାୟନିକ ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ସମସ୍ଥାନିକ ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ଉପସ୍ଥିତି ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ଗଠନ ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ଉତ୍ପାଦନ ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବ୍ୟବହାର ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ଆହୁରି ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ଆଧାର ସମ୍ପାଦନା

  1. Cucka, P.; Barrett, C. S. (1962). "The crystal structure of Bi and of solid solutions of Pb, Sn, Sb and Te in Bi". Acta Crystallographica. 15 (9): 865. doi:10.1107/S0365110X62002297.

ସହାୟକ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥ ସମ୍ପାଦନା

  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Brown, R. D., Jr. "Annual Average Bismuth Price", USGS (1998).

  • Greenwood, N. N. and Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd Edn.), Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4
  • Krüger, Joachim; Winkler, Peter; Lüderitz, Eberhard; Lück, Manfred; Wolf, Hans Uwe. "Bismuth, Bismuth Alloys, and Bismuth Compounds", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2003, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. pp. 171–189 doi:10.1002/14356007.a04_171.
  • Suzuki, Hitomi (2001). Organobismuth Chemistry. Elsevier. pp. 1–20. ISBN 978-0-444-20528-5.
  • Wiberg, Egon; Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, Nils (2001). Inorganic chemistry. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ ସମ୍ପାଦନା