ବିସ୍‌ମଥ

ବିସ୍‌ମଥ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Bi ଓ ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୮୩ ।

Bismuth,  ₈₃Bi

ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ	bismuth, Bi
Appearance	lustrous silver
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/ˈbɪzməθ/ BIZ-məth
Bismuth in the periodic table
Sb ↑ Bi ↓ Uup lead ← bismuth → polonium
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)	83
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ	group 15 (pnictogens), p-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ	period 6
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର	post-transition metal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (±) (Ar)	208.98040(1)
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥା	solid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ	544.7 K ​(271.5 °C, ​520.7 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ	1837 K ​(1564 °C, ​2847 °F)
Density near r.t.	9.78 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	10.05 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	11.30 kJ/mol
Heat of	151 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.52 J/(mol·K)
pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 941 1041 1165 1325 1538 1835
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	5, 4, 3, 2, 1 ​mildly acidic oxide
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.02
energies	(more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 156 pm
Covalent radius	148±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	207 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​rhombohedral
Speed of sound thin rod	1790 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	13.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	7.97 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	1.29 µ Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	32 GPa
Shear modulus	12 GPa
Bulk modulus	31 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.33
Mohs hardness	2.25
Brinell hardness	94.2 MPa
CAS Number	7440-69-9
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାର	Claude François Geoffroy (1753)
Most stable isotopes of bismuth
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 207Bi syn 31.55 y β+ 2.399 207Pb 208Bi syn 3.68×105 y β+ 2.880 208Pb 209Bi 100% 1.9×1019 y α 3.137 205Tl 210Bi trace 5.012 d β− 1.426 210Po α 5.982 206Tl 210mBi syn 3.04×106 y IT 0.271 210Bi α 6.253 206Tl

ଧର୍ମ

ସହାୟକ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥ

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Brown, R. D., Jr. "Annual Average Bismuth Price", USGS (1998).

• Greenwood, N. N. and Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd Edn.), Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4
• Krüger, Joachim; Winkler, Peter; Lüderitz, Eberhard; Lück, Manfred; Wolf, Hans Uwe. "Bismuth, Bismuth Alloys, and Bismuth Compounds", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2003, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. pp. 171–189 doi:10.1002/14356007.a04_171.
• Suzuki, Hitomi (2001). Organobismuth Chemistry. Elsevier. pp. 1–20. ISBN 978-0-444-20528-5.
• Wiberg, Egon; Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, Nils (2001). Inorganic chemistry. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ

• Laboratory growth of large crystals of Bismuth by Jan Kihle Crystal Pulling Laboratories, Norway
• Bismuth at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
• Bismuth breaks half-life record for alpha decay
• Bismuth Crystals – Instructions & Pictures Archived 2011-03-15 at the Wayback Machine.