ରୁପା

(Silverରୁ ଲେଉଟି ଆସିଛି)

ରୁପା ([Silver; ସିଲ୍‌ଭର୍] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help)) ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Ag (ଗ୍ରୀକ: άργυρος árguros; ଆର୍‌ଗୁରୋସ୍, [argentum; ଆର୍‌ଜେଣ୍ଟମ୍] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help), ଉଭୟ ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଇଣ୍ଡୋ-ୟୁରୋପୀୟ ମୂଳ *arg-ରୁ ଆସିଛି,ମାନେ "grey" କିମ୍ବା "shining") ଓ ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୪୭ ।

Silver,  47Ag
Electrolytically refined silver
ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକsilver, Ag
Appearancelustrous white metal
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ/ˈsɪlvər/
Silver in the periodic table
Hydrogen (other non-metal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (other non-metal)
Nitrogen (other non-metal)
Oxygen (other non-metal)
Fluorine (halogen)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (other non-metal)
Sulfur (other non-metal)
Chlorine (halogen)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (other non-metal)
Bromine (halogen)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (halogen)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanoid)
Cerium (lanthanoid)
Praseodymium (lanthanoid)
Neodymium (lanthanoid)
Promethium (lanthanoid)
Samarium (lanthanoid)
Europium (lanthanoid)
Gadolinium (lanthanoid)
Terbium (lanthanoid)
Dysprosium (lanthanoid)
Holmium (lanthanoid)
Erbium (lanthanoid)
Thulium (lanthanoid)
Ytterbium (lanthanoid)
Lutetium (lanthanoid)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (halogen)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinoid)
Thorium (actinoid)
Protactinium (actinoid)
Uranium (actinoid)
Neptunium (actinoid)
Plutonium (actinoid)
Americium (actinoid)
Curium (actinoid)
Berkelium (actinoid)
Californium (actinoid)
Einsteinium (actinoid)
Fermium (actinoid)
Mendelevium (actinoid)
Nobelium (actinoid)
Lawrencium (actinoid)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Ununtrium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununpentium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununseptium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununoctium (unknown chemical properties)
Cu

Ag

Au
palladiumsilvercadmium
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)47
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକgroup 11, d-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟperiod 5
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର  transition metal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (Ar)107.8682
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ[Kr] 4d10 5s1
per shell
2, 8, 18, 18, 1
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥାsolid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ1234.93 K ​(961.78 °C, ​1763.2 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ2435 K ​(2162 °C, ​3924 °F)
Density near r.t.10.49 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.9.320 g/cm3
Heat of fusion11.28 kJ/mol
Heat of 250.58 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity25.350 J/(mol·K)
 pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1283 1413 1575 1782 2055 2433
Atomic properties
Oxidation states1, 2, 3 (amphoteric oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.93
Atomic radiusempirical: 144 pm
Covalent radius145±5 pm
Van der Waals radius172 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structureface-centered cubic (fcc)
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for silver
Speed of sound thin rod2680 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion18.9 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity429 W/(m·K)
Thermal diffusivity174 mm2/s (at 300 K)
Electrical resistivity15.87 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[୧]
Young's modulus83 GPa
Shear modulus30 GPa
Bulk modulus100 GPa
Poisson ratio0.37
Mohs hardness2.5
Vickers hardness251 MPa
Brinell hardness206 MPa
CAS Number7440-22-4
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାରbefore 5000 BC
Most stable isotopes of silver
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
105Ag syn 41.2 d ε - 105Pd
γ 0.344, 0.280,
0.644, 0.443
-
106mAg syn 8.28 d ε - 106Pd
γ 0.511, 0.717,
1.045, 0.450
-
107Ag 51.839% 107Ag is stable with 60 neutrons
108mAg syn 418 y ε - 108Pd
IT 0.109 108Ag
γ 0.433, 0.614,
0.722
-
109Ag 48.161% 109Ag is stable with 62 neutrons
111Ag syn 7.45 d β 1.036, 0.694 111Cd
γ 0.342 -
| references

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ଆଧାର ସମ୍ପାଦନା

  1. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

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