ଲାନ୍ଥାନମ

(Lanthanumରୁ ଲେଉଟି ଆସିଛି)

ଲାନ୍ଥାନମ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Laପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୫୭ ।

Lanthanum,  57La
ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକlanthanum, La
Appearancesilvery white
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ/ˈlænθənəm/
Lanthanum in the periodic table
Hydrogen (other non-metal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (other non-metal)
Nitrogen (other non-metal)
Oxygen (other non-metal)
Fluorine (halogen)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (other non-metal)
Sulfur (other non-metal)
Chlorine (halogen)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (other non-metal)
Bromine (halogen)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (halogen)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanoid)
Cerium (lanthanoid)
Praseodymium (lanthanoid)
Neodymium (lanthanoid)
Promethium (lanthanoid)
Samarium (lanthanoid)
Europium (lanthanoid)
Gadolinium (lanthanoid)
Terbium (lanthanoid)
Dysprosium (lanthanoid)
Holmium (lanthanoid)
Erbium (lanthanoid)
Thulium (lanthanoid)
Ytterbium (lanthanoid)
Lutetium (lanthanoid)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (halogen)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinoid)
Thorium (actinoid)
Protactinium (actinoid)
Uranium (actinoid)
Neptunium (actinoid)
Plutonium (actinoid)
Americium (actinoid)
Curium (actinoid)
Berkelium (actinoid)
Californium (actinoid)
Einsteinium (actinoid)
Fermium (actinoid)
Mendelevium (actinoid)
Nobelium (actinoid)
Lawrencium (actinoid)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Ununtrium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununpentium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununseptium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununoctium (unknown chemical properties)
-

La

Ac
bariumlanthanumcerium
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)57
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକgroup n/a, f-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟperiod 6
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର  lanthanide, sometimes considered a transition metal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (Ar)138.90547
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ[Xe] 5d1 6s2
per shell
2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥାsolid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ1193 K ​(920 °C, ​1688 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ3737 K ​(3464 °C, ​6267 °F)
Density near r.t.6.162 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.5.94 g/cm3
Heat of fusion6.20 kJ/mol
Heat of 402.1 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity27.11 J/(mol·K)
 pressure (extrapolated)
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 2005 2208 2458 2772 3178 3726
Atomic properties
Oxidation states3, 2 (strongly basic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.10
Atomic radiusempirical: 187 pm
Covalent radius207±8 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structurehexagonal
Hexagonal crystal structure for lanthanum
Speed of sound thin rod2475 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion(r.t.) (α, poly) 12.1 µm/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity13.4 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity(r.t.) (α, poly) 615 n Ω·m
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[୧]
Young's modulus(α form) 36.6 GPa
Shear modulus(α form) 14.3 GPa
Bulk modulus(α form) 27.9 GPa
Poisson ratio(α form) 0.280
Mohs hardness2.5
Vickers hardness491 MPa
Brinell hardness363 MPa
CAS Number7439-91-0
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାରCarl Gustaf Mosander (1838)
Most stable isotopes of lanthanum
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
137La syn 6×104 y ε 0.600 137Ba
138La 0.090% 1.05×1011 y ε 1.737 138Ba
β 1.044 138Ce
139La 99.910% 139La is stable with 82 neutrons
| references

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ଆଧାର ସମ୍ପାଦନା

  1. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF). CRC press. 2000. ISBN 0849304814.

ଆହୁରି ପଢନ୍ତୁ ସମ୍ପାଦନା

  • The Industrial Chemistry of the Lanthanons, Yttrium, Thorium and Uranium, by R.J. Callow, Pergamon Press 1967
  • Extractive Metallurgy of Rare Earths, by C.K. Gupta and N. Krishnamurthy, CRC Press 2005
  • Nouveau Traite de Chimie Minerale, Vol. VII. Scandium, Yttrium, Elements des Terres Rares, Actinium, P. Pascal, Editor, Masson & Cie 1959
  • Chemistry of the Lanthanons, by R.C. Vickery, Butterworths 1953

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