ବେରିଲିୟମ

ବେରିଲିୟମ (English: Beryllium) ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ । ଏହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Be ଓ ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୪ ।

Beryllium,  ₄Be

ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ	beryllium, Be
Appearance	white-gray metallic
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/bəˈrɪliəm/ bə-RIL-ee-əm
Beryllium in the periodic table
- ↑ Be ↓ Mg lithium ← beryllium → boron
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)	4
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ	group 2 (alkaline earth metals), s-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ	period 2
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର	alkaline earth metal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (±) (Ar)	9.012182(3)
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ	[He] 2s2
per shell	2, 2
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥା	solid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ	1560 K ​(1287 °C, ​2349 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ	2742 K ​(2469 °C, ​4476 °F)
Density near r.t.	1.85 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	1.690 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	12.2 kJ/mol
Heat of	297 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	16.443 J/(mol·K)
pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1462 1608 1791 2023 2327 2742
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	2, 1 ​amphoteric oxide
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.57
energies	(more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 112 pm
Covalent radius	96±3 pm
Van der Waals radius	153 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed of sound thin rod	12870 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	11.3 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	200 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	36 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	287 GPa
Shear modulus	132 GPa
Bulk modulus	130 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.032
Mohs hardness	5.5
Vickers hardness	1670 MPa
Brinell hardness	600 MPa
CAS Number	7440-41-7
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାର	Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1797)
First isolation	Friedrich Wöhler & Antoine Bussy (1828)
Most stable isotopes of beryllium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 7Be trace 53.12 d ε 0.862 7Li γ 0.477 - 9Be 100% 9Be is stable with 5 neutrons 10Be trace 1.36×106 y β− 0.556 10B

ଧର୍ମ

ସମସ୍ଥାନିକ

• 7Be [3 neutrons

• 9Be [5 neutrons

ଉତ୍ପାଦନ

• ମୂଖ୍ୟତଃ ବେରିଲ୍‌ ଓ କ୍ରାଇସୋବେରିଲ୍‌ ନାମକ ଧାତୁପିଣ୍ଡରୁ ମିଳିଥାଏ ।

• ବ୍ରାଜିଲ୍‌, ଆମେରିକା, ମାଡାଗାସ୍କର, ଜର୍ମାନୀ, ଚେକ୍‌ ରିପବ୍ଲିକ୍‌, ରୁଷିଆ ଓ ଭାରତ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଉପ୍ତାଦନକାରି ଦେଶ ।

• ବାର୍ଷିକ ଉପ୍ତାଦନ ପ୍ରାୟ ୩୬୦ ଟନ୍‌, ସାରା ପୃଥିବୀରେ ପ୍ରାୟ ଚାରିଶହ ହଜାର ଟନ୍‌ ବେରିଲିୟମ ଗଛିତ ଥିବାର ଅନୁମାନ କରାଯାଇଛି।

ଇତିହାସ

• ଆବିଷ୍କାର- ଫ୍ରେଡରିକ ଓଲର୍‌, ଏ.ଏ. ବୁସି

• କେବେ-୧୭୯୮

• କେଉଂଠି- ଜର୍ମାନୀ/ ଫ୍ରାନ୍ସ

• ଉତ୍ପତି- ବେରିଲ ନାମକ ମିନେରାଲରୁ

ଆଧାର

• Emsley, John (2001). Nature's Building Blocks: An A–Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford, England, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850340-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
• Mackay, Kenneth Malcolm; Mackay, Rosemary Ann; Henderson, W. (2002). Introduction to modern inorganic chemistry (6th ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 0-7487-6420-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
• Weeks, Mary Elvira (1968). Discovery of the Elements. Easton, PA: Journal of Chemical Education. LCCCN 68-15217. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

ଆହୁରି ପଢନ୍ତୁ

• Newman LS (2003). "Beryllium". Chemical & Engineering News. 36 (36): 38. doi:10.1021/cen-v081n036.p038.
• Mroz MM, Balkissoon R, Newman LS. "Beryllium". In: Bingham E, Cohrssen B, Powell C (eds.) Patty's Toxicology, Fifth Edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons 2001, 177–220.
• Walsh, KA, Beryllium Chemistry and Processing. Vidal, EE. et al. Eds. 2009, Materials Park, OH:ASM International.
• Beryllium Lymphocyte Proliferation Testing (BeLPT). DOE Specification 1142–2001. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy, 2001.

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ

• ATSDR Case Studies in Environmental Medicine: Beryllium Toxicity Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
• It's Elemental – Beryllium
• MSDS: ESPI Metals
• Beryllium at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health – Beryllium Page
• Former Worker Medical Screening Program, U.S. Department of Energy
• National Supplemental Screening Program (Oak Ridge Associated Universities)
• Historic Price of Beryllium in USA