କ୍ରୋମିୟମ

(Chromiumରୁ ଲେଉଟି ଆସିଛି)

କ୍ରୋମିୟମ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Crପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୨୪ ।

Chromium,  24Cr
ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକchromium, Cr
Appearancesilvery metallic
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ/ˈkrmiəm/ KROH-mee-əm
Chromium in the periodic table
Hydrogen (other non-metal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (other non-metal)
Nitrogen (other non-metal)
Oxygen (other non-metal)
Fluorine (halogen)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (other non-metal)
Sulfur (other non-metal)
Chlorine (halogen)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (other non-metal)
Bromine (halogen)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (halogen)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanoid)
Cerium (lanthanoid)
Praseodymium (lanthanoid)
Neodymium (lanthanoid)
Promethium (lanthanoid)
Samarium (lanthanoid)
Europium (lanthanoid)
Gadolinium (lanthanoid)
Terbium (lanthanoid)
Dysprosium (lanthanoid)
Holmium (lanthanoid)
Erbium (lanthanoid)
Thulium (lanthanoid)
Ytterbium (lanthanoid)
Lutetium (lanthanoid)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (halogen)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinoid)
Thorium (actinoid)
Protactinium (actinoid)
Uranium (actinoid)
Neptunium (actinoid)
Plutonium (actinoid)
Americium (actinoid)
Curium (actinoid)
Berkelium (actinoid)
Californium (actinoid)
Einsteinium (actinoid)
Fermium (actinoid)
Mendelevium (actinoid)
Nobelium (actinoid)
Lawrencium (actinoid)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Ununtrium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununpentium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununseptium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununoctium (unknown chemical properties)
-

Cr

Mo
vanadiumchromiummanganese
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)24
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକgroup 6, d-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟperiod 4
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର  transition metal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (±) (Ar)51.9961(6)
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ[Ar] 3d5 4s1
per shell
2, 8, 13, 1
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥାsolid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ2180 K ​(1907 °C, ​3465 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ2944 K ​(2671 °C, ​4840 °F)
Density near r.t.7.19 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.6.3 g/cm3
Heat of fusion21.0 kJ/mol
Heat of 339.5 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity23.35 J/(mol·K)
 pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1656 1807 1991 2223 2530 2942
Atomic properties
Oxidation states6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, -1, -2 ​strongly acidic oxide
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.66
energies
(more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 128 pm
Covalent radius139±5 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structurebody-centered cubic (bcc)
Body-centered cubic crystal structure for chromium
Speed of sound thin rod5940 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion4.9 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity93.9 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity125 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingAFM (rather: SDW[])
Young's modulus279 GPa
Shear modulus115 GPa
Bulk modulus160 GPa
Poisson ratio0.21
Mohs hardness8.5
Vickers hardness1060 MPa
Brinell hardness1120 MPa
CAS Number7440-47-3
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାରLouis Nicolas Vauquelin (1797)
First isolationLouis Nicolas Vauquelin (1798)
Most stable isotopes of chromium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
50Cr 4.345% >1.3×1018 y β+β+ 1.167 50Ti
51Cr syn 27.7025 d ε - 51V
γ 0.320 -
52Cr 83.789% 52Cr is stable with 28 neutrons
53Cr 9.501% 53Cr is stable with 29 neutrons
54Cr 2.365% 54Cr is stable with 30 neutrons
| references

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ସମ୍ପାଦନା
  1. Fawcett, Eric (1988). "Spin-density-wave antiferromagnetism in chromium". Reviews of Modern Physics. 60: 209. Bibcode:1988RvMP...60..209F. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.60.209.

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