ପ୍ଲାଟିନମ

(Platinumରୁ ଲେଉଟି ଆସିଛି)

ପ୍ଲାଟିନମ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Ptପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୭୮ । ଏହା ଏକ ଘନ, ନମନୀୟ, ଅତି ନିଷ୍କ୍ରିୟ, ମୂଲ୍ୟବାନ ଟ୍ରାଂଜିସନ ଧାତୁ । ସାଧାରଣ ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ଏହାର ରଂଗ ରୌପ୍ୟ ଧବଳ । ସ୍ପେନୀୟ ଶବ୍ଦ "ପ୍ଲାଟିନା" ଅନୁସାରେ (ଯାହାର ଅର୍ଥ - ଛୋଟ ରୂପା) ଏହି ଧାତୁର ନାମକରଣ ହୋଇଛି ।

Platinum,  78Pt
ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକplatinum, Pt
Appearancegrayish white
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ/ˈplæt[invalid input: 'ɨ']nəm/
Platinum in the periodic table
Hydrogen (other non-metal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (other non-metal)
Nitrogen (other non-metal)
Oxygen (other non-metal)
Fluorine (halogen)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (other non-metal)
Sulfur (other non-metal)
Chlorine (halogen)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (other non-metal)
Bromine (halogen)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (halogen)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanoid)
Cerium (lanthanoid)
Praseodymium (lanthanoid)
Neodymium (lanthanoid)
Promethium (lanthanoid)
Samarium (lanthanoid)
Europium (lanthanoid)
Gadolinium (lanthanoid)
Terbium (lanthanoid)
Dysprosium (lanthanoid)
Holmium (lanthanoid)
Erbium (lanthanoid)
Thulium (lanthanoid)
Ytterbium (lanthanoid)
Lutetium (lanthanoid)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (halogen)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinoid)
Thorium (actinoid)
Protactinium (actinoid)
Uranium (actinoid)
Neptunium (actinoid)
Plutonium (actinoid)
Americium (actinoid)
Curium (actinoid)
Berkelium (actinoid)
Californium (actinoid)
Einsteinium (actinoid)
Fermium (actinoid)
Mendelevium (actinoid)
Nobelium (actinoid)
Lawrencium (actinoid)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Ununtrium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununpentium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununseptium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununoctium (unknown chemical properties)
Pd

Pt

Ds
iridiumplatinumgold
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)78
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକgroup 10, d-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟperiod 6
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର  transition metal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (Ar)195.084
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
per shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥାsolid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ2041.4 K ​(1768.3 °C, ​3214.9 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ4098 K ​(3825 °C, ​6917 °F)
Density near r.t.21.45 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.19.77 g/cm3
Heat of fusion22.17 kJ/mol
Heat of 469 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity25.86 J/(mol·K)
 pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 2330 (2550) 2815 3143 3556 4094
Atomic properties
Oxidation states6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −3
(mildly basic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.28
Atomic radiusempirical: 139 pm
Covalent radius136±5 pm
Van der Waals radius175 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structureface-centered cubic (fcc)
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for platinum
Speed of sound thin rod2800 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion8.8 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity71.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity105 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic
Young's modulus168 GPa
Shear modulus61 GPa
Bulk modulus230 GPa
Poisson ratio0.38
Mohs hardness4–4.5
Vickers hardness549 MPa
Brinell hardness392 MPa
CAS Number7440-06-4
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାରAntonio de Ulloa (1735)
First isolationAntonio de Ulloa (1735)
Most stable isotopes of platinum
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
190Pt 0.014% 6.5×1011 y α 3.18 186Os
192Pt 0.782% 192Pt is stable with 114 neutrons
193Pt syn 50 y ε - 193Ir
194Pt 32.967% 194Pt is stable with 116 neutrons
195Pt 33.832% 195Pt is stable with 117 neutrons
196Pt 25.242% 196Pt is stable with 118 neutrons
198Pt 7.163% >3.2×1014 y α 0.0870 194Os
ββ 1.0472 198Hg
| references



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ସମ୍ପାଦନା
  • Platinum at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
  • Nuclides and Isotopes Archived 2011-02-02 at the Wayback Machine. Fourteenth Edition: Chart of the Nuclides, General Electric Company, 1989.
  • "The PGM Database". Archived from the original on 2019-07-01. Retrieved 2013-04-26.
  • "A balanced historical account of the sequence of discoveries of platinum; illustrated".
  • "Platinum Metals Review: A free, quarterly journal of research on the science and technology of the platinum group metals and developments in their application in industry". Archived from the original on 2015-05-29. Retrieved 2013-04-26.
  • "Platinum-Group Metals Statistics and Information". United States Geological Survey.