ପ୍ଲାଟିନମ

ପ୍ଲାଟିନମ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Pt ଓ ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୭୮ । ଏହା ଏକ ଘନ, ନମନୀୟ, ଅତି ନିଷ୍କ୍ରିୟ, ମୂଲ୍ୟବାନ ଟ୍ରାଂଜିସନ ଧାତୁ । ସାଧାରଣ ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ଏହାର ରଂଗ ରୌପ୍ୟ ଧବଳ । ସ୍ପେନୀୟ ଶବ୍ଦ "ପ୍ଲାଟିନା" ଅନୁସାରେ (ଯାହାର ଅର୍ଥ - ଛୋଟ ରୂପା) ଏହି ଧାତୁର ନାମକରଣ ହୋଇଛି ।

Platinum,  ₇₈Pt

ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ	platinum, Pt
Appearance	grayish white
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/ˈplætnəm/
Platinum in the periodic table
Pd ↑ Pt ↓ Ds iridium ← platinum → gold
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)	78
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ	group 10, d-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ	period 6
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର	transition metal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (Ar)	195.084
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ	[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥା	solid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ	2041.4 K ​(1768.3 °C, ​3214.9 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ	4098 K ​(3825 °C, ​6917 °F)
Density near r.t.	21.45 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	19.77 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	22.17 kJ/mol
Heat of	469 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.86 J/(mol·K)
pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 2330 (2550) 2815 3143 3556 4094
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −3 (mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.28
Atomic radius	empirical: 139 pm
Covalent radius	136±5 pm
Van der Waals radius	175 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​face-centered cubic (fcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	2800 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	8.8 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	71.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	105 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	168 GPa
Shear modulus	61 GPa
Bulk modulus	230 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.38
Mohs hardness	4–4.5
Vickers hardness	549 MPa
Brinell hardness	392 MPa
CAS Number	7440-06-4
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାର	Antonio de Ulloa (1735)
First isolation	Antonio de Ulloa (1735)
Most stable isotopes of platinum
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 190Pt 0.014% 6.5×1011 y α 3.18 186Os 192Pt 0.782% 192Pt is stable with 114 neutrons 193Pt syn 50 y ε - 193Ir 194Pt 32.967% 194Pt is stable with 116 neutrons 195Pt 33.832% 195Pt is stable with 117 neutrons 196Pt 25.242% 196Pt is stable with 118 neutrons 198Pt 7.163% >3.2×1014 y α 0.0870 194Os β−β− 1.0472 198Hg

ଧର୍ମ

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ

• Platinum at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
• Nuclides and Isotopes Archived 2011-02-02 at the Wayback Machine. Fourteenth Edition: Chart of the Nuclides, General Electric Company, 1989.
• "The PGM Database". Archived from the original on 2019-07-01. Retrieved 2013-04-26.
• "A balanced historical account of the sequence of discoveries of platinum; illustrated".
• "Platinum Metals Review: A free, quarterly journal of research on the science and technology of the platinum group metals and developments in their application in industry". Archived from the original on 2015-05-29. Retrieved 2013-04-26.
• "Platinum-Group Metals Statistics and Information". United States Geological Survey.