ନିକେଲ

Nickel, ₂₈Ni
ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ	nickel, Ni
Appearance	lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/ˈnɪkəl/ NIK-əl
Nickel in the periodic table
	cobalt ← nickel → copper
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)	28
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ	group 10, d-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ	period 4
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର	transition metal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (±) (Ar)	58.6934(4)(2)
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ	[Ar] 4s2 3d8 or [Ar] 4s1 3d9 (see text)
per shell	2, 8, 16, 2 or 2, 8, 17, 1
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥା	solid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ	1728 K (1455 °C, 2651 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ	3186 K (2913 °C, 5275 °F)
Density near r.t.	8.908 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	7.81 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	17.48 kJ/mol
Heat of	377.5 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.07 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	4, 3, 2, 1, -1 mildly basic oxide
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.91
energies	; (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 124 pm
Covalent radius	124±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	163 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	face-centered cubic (fcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	4900 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	13.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	90.9 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	69.3 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	ferromagnetic
Young's modulus	200 GPa
Shear modulus	76 GPa
Bulk modulus	180 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.31
Mohs hardness	4.0
Vickers hardness	638 MPa
Brinell hardness	700 MPa
CAS Number	7440-02-0
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାର	Axel Fredrik Cronstedt (1751)
First isolation	Axel Fredrik Cronstedt (1751)
Most stable isotopes of nickel
	view; talk; edit; \| references

ନିକେଲ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Ni ଓ ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୨୮ ।

ଧର୍ମ

ପରମାଣବିକ ଓ ଭୌତିକ ଧର୍ମ

ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ

ସମସ୍ଥାନିକ

ଯୌଗିକ

ଇତିହାସ

ବିଶ୍ୱବ୍ୟାପି ଉତ୍ପାଦନ

ନିଷ୍କାସନ ଓ ଶୋଧନ

ବ୍ୟବହାର

ଆହୁରି ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ

ଆଧାର

↑ M. Carnes; et al. (2009). "A Stable Tetraalkyl Complex of Nickel(IV)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 48: 3384. doi:10.1002/anie.200804435.
↑ S. Pfirrmann; et al. (2009). "A Dinuclear Nickel(I) Dinitrogen Complex and its Reduction in Single-Electron Steps". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 48: 3357. doi:10.1002/anie.200805862.

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ

Nickel at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
CDC – Nickel – NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic
An occupational hygiene assessment of dermal nickel exposures in primary production industries Archived 2016-04-15 at the Wayback Machine. by GW Hughson. Institute of Occupational Medicine Research Report TM/04/05
An occupational hygiene assessment of dermal nickel exposures in primary production and primary user industries. Phase 2 Report Archived 2016-04-15 at the Wayback Machine. by GW Hughson. Institute of Occupational Medicine Research Report TM/05/06
Norilsk Nickel, Norilsk, Russia Archived 2013-06-03 at the Wayback Machine.
Vale Nickel, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada (formerly known as INCO) Archived 2013-06-25 at the Wayback Machine.
Xstrata Nickel, Sudbury Operations (formerly known as Falconbridge) Archived 2013-06-16 at the Wayback Machine.

[1] M. Carnes; et al. (2009). "A Stable Tetraalkyl Complex of Nickel(IV)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 48: 3384. doi:10.1002/anie.200804435.

[2] S. Pfirrmann; et al. (2009). "A Dinuclear Nickel(I) Dinitrogen Complex and its Reduction in Single-Electron Steps". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 48: 3357. doi:10.1002/anie.200805862.

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