ସୁନା

(Goldରୁ ଲେଉଟି ଆସିଛି)

ସୁନା (English: Gold;ଗୋଲ୍‌ଡ୍) ଏକ ଘନ, ନରମ, ଦୀପ୍ତିମାନ, ନମନୀୟ, ଓ ତନ୍ୟ ଧାତୁ । ଏହା ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Au (ଲାଟିନ ଅରମ;aurumରୁ ଆସିଛି,ମାନେ 'ସୁର୍ଯ୍ୟୋଦୟର ଦୀପ୍ତି') ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୭୯ ।

Gold,  79Au
ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକgold, Au
Appearancemetallic yellow
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ/ˈɡld/
Gold in the periodic table
Hydrogen (other non-metal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (other non-metal)
Nitrogen (other non-metal)
Oxygen (other non-metal)
Fluorine (halogen)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (other non-metal)
Sulfur (other non-metal)
Chlorine (halogen)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (other non-metal)
Bromine (halogen)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (halogen)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanoid)
Cerium (lanthanoid)
Praseodymium (lanthanoid)
Neodymium (lanthanoid)
Promethium (lanthanoid)
Samarium (lanthanoid)
Europium (lanthanoid)
Gadolinium (lanthanoid)
Terbium (lanthanoid)
Dysprosium (lanthanoid)
Holmium (lanthanoid)
Erbium (lanthanoid)
Thulium (lanthanoid)
Ytterbium (lanthanoid)
Lutetium (lanthanoid)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (halogen)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinoid)
Thorium (actinoid)
Protactinium (actinoid)
Uranium (actinoid)
Neptunium (actinoid)
Plutonium (actinoid)
Americium (actinoid)
Curium (actinoid)
Berkelium (actinoid)
Californium (actinoid)
Einsteinium (actinoid)
Fermium (actinoid)
Mendelevium (actinoid)
Nobelium (actinoid)
Lawrencium (actinoid)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Ununtrium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununpentium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununseptium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununoctium (unknown chemical properties)
Ag

Au

Rg
platinumgoldmercury
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)79
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକgroup 11, d-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟperiod 6
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର  transition metal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (±) (Ar)196.966569(4)
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
per shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥାsolid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ1337.33 K ​(1064.18 °C, ​1947.52 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ3129 K ​(2856 °C, ​5173 °F)
Density near r.t.19.30 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.17.31 g/cm3
Heat of fusion12.55 kJ/mol
Heat of 324 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity25.418 J/(mol·K)
 pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1646 1814 2021 2281 2620 3078
Atomic properties
Oxidation states5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2
(amphoteric oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.54
Atomic radiusempirical: 144 pm
Covalent radius136±6 pm
Van der Waals radius166 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure ​lattice face centered cubic
[[File:lattice face centered cubic|50px|alt=Lattice face centered cubic crystal structure for gold]]
Speed of sound thin rod2030 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion14.2 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity318 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity22.14 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[]
Young's modulus79 GPa
Shear modulus27 GPa
Bulk modulus180 GPa
Poisson ratio0.44
Mohs hardness2.5
Vickers hardness216 MPa
Brinell hardness25 HB MPa
CAS Number7440-57-5
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାରMiddle Easterns (before 6000 BC)
Most stable isotopes of gold
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
195Au syn 186.10 d ε 0.227 195Pt
196Au syn 6.183 d ε 1.506 196Pt
β 0.686 196Hg
197Au 100% 197Au is stable with 118 neutrons
198Au syn 2.69517 d β 1.372 198Hg
199Au syn 3.169 d β 0.453 199Hg
| references

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ସମ୍ପାଦନା
  1. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

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