ସୁନା

ସୁନା (English: Gold;ଗୋଲ୍‌ଡ୍) ଏକ ଘନ, ନରମ, ଦୀପ୍ତିମାନ, ନମନୀୟ, ଓ ତନ୍ୟ ଧାତୁ । ଏହା ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Au (ଲାଟିନ ଅରମ;aurumରୁ ଆସିଛି,ମାନେ 'ସୁର୍ଯ୍ୟୋଦୟର ଦୀପ୍ତି') ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୭୯ ।

Gold,  ₇₉Au

ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ	gold, Au
Appearance	metallic yellow
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/ˈɡoʊld/
Gold in the periodic table
Ag ↑ Au ↓ Rg platinum ← gold → mercury
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)	79
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ	group 11, d-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ	period 6
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର	transition metal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (±) (Ar)	196.966569(4)
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥା	solid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ	1337.33 K ​(1064.18 °C, ​1947.52 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ	3129 K ​(2856 °C, ​5173 °F)
Density near r.t.	19.30 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	17.31 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	12.55 kJ/mol
Heat of	324 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.418 J/(mol·K)
pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1646 1814 2021 2281 2620 3078
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2 (amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.54
Atomic radius	empirical: 144 pm
Covalent radius	136±6 pm
Van der Waals radius	166 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​lattice face centered cubic [[File:lattice face centered cubic|50px|alt=Lattice face centered cubic crystal structure for gold]]
Speed of sound thin rod	2030 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	14.2 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	318 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	22.14 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	79 GPa
Shear modulus	27 GPa
Bulk modulus	180 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.44
Mohs hardness	2.5
Vickers hardness	216 MPa
Brinell hardness	25 HB MPa
CAS Number	7440-57-5
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାର	Middle Easterns (before 6000 BC)
Most stable isotopes of gold
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 195Au syn 186.10 d ε 0.227 195Pt 196Au syn 6.183 d ε 1.506 196Pt β− 0.686 196Hg 197Au 100% 197Au is stable with 118 neutrons 198Au syn 2.69517 d β− 1.372 198Hg 199Au syn 3.169 d β− 0.453 199Hg

ଧର୍ମ

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ

• Chemistry in its element podcast (MP3) from the Royal Society of Chemistry's Chemistry World: Gold www.rsc.org
• Gold at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
• Getting Gold 1898 book Archived 2016-06-12 at the Wayback Machine., www.lateralscience.co.uk
• Technical Document on Extraction and Mining of Gold, www.epa.gov
• Picture in the Element collection from Heinrich Pniok Archived 2012-10-29 at the Wayback Machine., www.pniok.de