ପୋଲୋନିଅମ

(Poloniumରୁ ଲେଉଟି ଆସିଛି)

ପୋଲୋନିଅମ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Poପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୮୪ ।

Polonium,  84Po
ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକpolonium, Po
Appearancesilvery
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ/p[invalid input: 'ɵ']ˈlniəm/ po-LOH-nee-əm
Polonium in the periodic table
Hydrogen (other non-metal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (other non-metal)
Nitrogen (other non-metal)
Oxygen (other non-metal)
Fluorine (halogen)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (other non-metal)
Sulfur (other non-metal)
Chlorine (halogen)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (other non-metal)
Bromine (halogen)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (halogen)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanoid)
Cerium (lanthanoid)
Praseodymium (lanthanoid)
Neodymium (lanthanoid)
Promethium (lanthanoid)
Samarium (lanthanoid)
Europium (lanthanoid)
Gadolinium (lanthanoid)
Terbium (lanthanoid)
Dysprosium (lanthanoid)
Holmium (lanthanoid)
Erbium (lanthanoid)
Thulium (lanthanoid)
Ytterbium (lanthanoid)
Lutetium (lanthanoid)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (halogen)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinoid)
Thorium (actinoid)
Protactinium (actinoid)
Uranium (actinoid)
Neptunium (actinoid)
Plutonium (actinoid)
Americium (actinoid)
Curium (actinoid)
Berkelium (actinoid)
Californium (actinoid)
Einsteinium (actinoid)
Fermium (actinoid)
Mendelevium (actinoid)
Nobelium (actinoid)
Lawrencium (actinoid)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Ununtrium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununpentium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununseptium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununoctium (unknown chemical properties)
Te

Po

Lv
bismuthpoloniumastatine
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)84
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକgroup 16 (chalcogens), p-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟperiod 6
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର  post-transition metal, post-transition metal status is disputed (see article text)
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (Ar)(209)
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p4
per shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥାsolid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ527 K ​(254 °C, ​489 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ1235 K ​(962 °C, ​1764 °F)
Density near r.t.(alpha) 9.196 g/cm3
(beta) 9.398 g/cm3
Heat of fusionca. 13 kJ/mol
Heat of 102.91 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity26.4 J/(mol·K)
 pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K)       (846) 1003 1236
Atomic properties
Oxidation states6, 4, 2, −2
(amphoteric oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.0
Atomic radiusempirical: 168 pm
Covalent radius140±4 pm
Van der Waals radius197 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structurecubic
Cubic crystal structure for polonium
Thermal expansion23.5 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity? 20 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity(α) 0.40 µ Ω·m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic orderingnonmagnetic
CAS Number7440-08-6
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାରPierre Curie and Marie Curie (1898)
First isolationWilly Marckwald (1902)
Most stable isotopes of polonium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
208Po syn 2.898 y α 5.215 204Pb
β+ 1.401 208Bi
209Po syn 103 y α 4.979 205Pb
β+ 1.893 209Bi
210Po trace 138.376 d α 5.307 206Pb
| references

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ସମ୍ପାଦନା
  • Bagnall, K. W. (1962). "The Chemistry of Polonium". Advances in Inorganic Chemistry and Radiochemistry. Vol. 4. New York: Academic Press. pp. 197–226. doi:10.1016/S0065-2792(08)60268-X. ISBN 0-12-023604-4. Retrieved June 14, 2012.

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