ପ୍ଲୁଟୋନିଅମ

Plutonium, ₉₄Pu
ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ	plutonium, Pu
Appearance	silvery white, tarnishing to dark gray in air
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/pluːˈtoʊniəm/; ploo-TOH-nee-əm
Plutonium in the periodic table
	neptunium ← plutonium → americium
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)	94
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ	group n/a, f-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ	period 7
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର	actinide
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (Ar)	(244)
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ	[Rn] 5f6 7s2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥା	solid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ	912.5 K (639.4 °C, 1182.9 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ	3505 K (3228 °C, 5842 °F)
Density near r.t.	19.816 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	16.63 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	2.82 kJ/mol
Heat of	333.5 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	35.5 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1; (amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.28
Atomic radius	empirical: 159 pm
Covalent radius	187±1 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	monoclinic
Speed of sound	2260 m/s
Thermal expansion	46.7 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	6.74 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	1.460 µ Ω·m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	96 GPa
Shear modulus	43 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.21
CAS Number	7440-07-5
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାର	Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan (1940–1)
Most stable isotopes of plutonium
	view; talk; edit; \| references

ପ୍ଲୁଟୋନିଅମ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ତେଜସ୍କ୍ରିୟ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Pu ଓ ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୯୪ ।

ଧର୍ମ

ଭୌତିକ

ରସାୟନିକ

ସମସ୍ଥାନିକ

ଉପସ୍ଥିତି

ଗଠନ

ଉତ୍ପାଦନ

ବ୍ୟବହାର

ଆହୁରି ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ

ଆଧାର

↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Magurno, B.A.; Pearlstein, S. (eds.) Workshop on nuclear data evaluation methods and procedures, Upton, NY, USA, 22 Septmber 1980, vol. II (1981), pp. 835 ff

ବାହାର ତଥ୍ୟ

Sutcliffe, W.G.; et al. (1995). "A Perspective on the Dangers of Plutonium". Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Archived from the original on September 29, 2006. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
Johnson, C.M.; Davis, Z.S. (1997). "Nuclear Weapons: Disposal Options for Surplus Weapons-Usable Plutonium". CRS Report for Congress # 97-564 ENR. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
IEER contributors (2005). "Physical, Nuclear, and Chemical, Properties of Plutonium". IEER. Retrieved February 15, 2009. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
Bhadeshia, H. "Plutonium crystallography".
Samuels, D. (2005). "End of the Plutonium Age". Discover Magazine. 26 (11).
Pike, J.; Sherman, R. (2000). "Plutonium production". Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on September 5, 2011. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
Nuclear Weapon Archive contributors. "Plutonium Manufacture and Fabrication". Nuclearweaponarchive.org. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
Ong, C. (1999). "World Plutonium Inventories". Nuclear Files.org. Archived from the original on June 21, 2011. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
LANL contributors (2000). "Challenges in Plutonium Science". Los Alamos Science. I & II (26). Retrieved February 15, 2009. {{cite journal}}: |author= has generic name (help)
NLM contributors. "Plutonium, Radioactive". NLM Hazardous Substances Databank. Retrieved February 15, 2009. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
Alsos contributors. "Annotated Bibliography on plutonium". Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues. Archived from the original on February 3, 2009. Retrieved February 15, 2009. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
Chemistry in its element podcast (MP3) from the Royal Society of Chemistry's Chemistry World: Plutonium
Plutonium at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)

[magnet-1] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[2] Magurno, B.A.; Pearlstein, S. (eds.) Workshop on nuclear data evaluation methods and procedures, Upton, NY, USA, 22 Septmber 1980, vol. II (1981), pp. 835 ff

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