ତମ୍ବା

(Copperରୁ ଲେଉଟି ଆସିଛି)

ତମ୍ବା ([Copper; କପର୍] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help)) ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Cu ([cuprum; କ୍ୟୁପ୍ରମ୍] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help)ରୁ ଅସିଛି) ଓ ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୨୯ ।

Copper,  29Cu
Native copper (~4 cm in size)
ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକcopper, Cu
Appearancered-orange metallic luster
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ/ˈkɒpər/ KOP-ər
Copper in the periodic table
Hydrogen (other non-metal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (other non-metal)
Nitrogen (other non-metal)
Oxygen (other non-metal)
Fluorine (halogen)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (other non-metal)
Sulfur (other non-metal)
Chlorine (halogen)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (other non-metal)
Bromine (halogen)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (halogen)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanoid)
Cerium (lanthanoid)
Praseodymium (lanthanoid)
Neodymium (lanthanoid)
Promethium (lanthanoid)
Samarium (lanthanoid)
Europium (lanthanoid)
Gadolinium (lanthanoid)
Terbium (lanthanoid)
Dysprosium (lanthanoid)
Holmium (lanthanoid)
Erbium (lanthanoid)
Thulium (lanthanoid)
Ytterbium (lanthanoid)
Lutetium (lanthanoid)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (halogen)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinoid)
Thorium (actinoid)
Protactinium (actinoid)
Uranium (actinoid)
Neptunium (actinoid)
Plutonium (actinoid)
Americium (actinoid)
Curium (actinoid)
Berkelium (actinoid)
Californium (actinoid)
Einsteinium (actinoid)
Fermium (actinoid)
Mendelevium (actinoid)
Nobelium (actinoid)
Lawrencium (actinoid)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Ununtrium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununpentium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununseptium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununoctium (unknown chemical properties)
-

Cu

Ag
nickelcopperzinc
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)29
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକgroup 11, d-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟperiod 4
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର  transition metal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (±) (Ar)63.546(3)
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ[Ar] 3d10 4s1
per shell
2, 8, 18, 1
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥାsolid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ1357.77 K ​(1084.62 °C, ​1984.32 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ2835 K ​(2562 °C, ​4643 °F)
Density near r.t.8.96 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.8.02 g/cm3
Heat of fusion13.26 kJ/mol
Heat of 300.4 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.440 J/(mol·K)
 pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1509 1661 1850 2089 2404 2834
Atomic properties
Oxidation states+1, +2, +3, +4 ​mildly basic oxide
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.90
energies
(more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 128 pm
Covalent radius132±4 pm
Van der Waals radius140 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structureface-centered cubic (fcc)
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for copper
Speed of sound thin rod(annealed)
3810 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion16.5 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity401 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity16.78 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[୧]
Young's modulus110–128 GPa
Shear modulus48 GPa
Bulk modulus140 GPa
Poisson ratio0.34
Mohs hardness3.0
Vickers hardness369 MPa
Brinell hardness874 MPa
CAS Number7440-50-8
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାରMiddle Easterns (9000 BC)
Most stable isotopes of copper
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
63Cu 69.15% 63Cu is stable with 34 neutrons
64Cu syn 12.700 h ε - 64Ni
β - 64Zn
65Cu 30.85% 65Cu is stable with 36 neutrons
67Cu syn 61.83 h β - 67Zn
| references

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ଆଧାର ସମ୍ପାଦନା

  1. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

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