ସୀସା

ସୀସା (English: Lead; ଲୀଡ୍) ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Pb (Latin: plumbum; ପ୍ଲମ୍‌ବମ୍ରୁ ଅସିଛି) ଓ ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୮୨ ।

Lead,  ₈₂Pb

ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ	lead, Pb
Appearance	metallic gray
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/ˈlɛd/ LED
Lead in the periodic table
Sn ↑ Pb ↓ Fl thallium ← lead → bismuth
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)	82
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ	group 14 (carbon group), p-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ	period 6
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର	post-transition metal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (Ar)	207.2
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥା	solid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ	600.61 K ​(327.46 °C, ​621.43 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ	2022 K ​(1749 °C, ​3180 °F)
Density near r.t.	11.34 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	10.66 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	4.77 kJ/mol
Heat of	179.5 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.650 J/(mol·K)
pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 978 1088 1229 1412 1660 2027
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	4, 3, 2, 1 (Amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.33
Atomic radius	empirical: 175 pm
Covalent radius	146±5 pm
Van der Waals radius	202 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​face-centered cubic (fcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	(annealed) 1190 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	28.9 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	35.3 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	208 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	16 GPa
Shear modulus	5.6 GPa
Bulk modulus	46 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.44
Mohs hardness	1.5
Brinell hardness	38.3 MPa
CAS Number	7439-92-1
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାର	Middle Easterns (7000 BC)
Most stable isotopes of lead
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 204Pb 1.4% >1.4×1017 y α 1.972 200Hg 205Pb syn 1.53×107 y ε 0.051 205Tl 206Pb 24.1% 206Pb is stable with 124 neutrons 207Pb 22.1% 207Pb is stable with 125 neutrons 208Pb 52.4% >2×1019 y α 0.5188 204Hg 210Pb trace 22.3 y α 3.792 206Hg β− 0.064 210Bi

ଧର୍ମ

ସହାୟକ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥ

• Lide, D. R., ed. (2004). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (84th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0484-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Polyanskiy, N. G. (1986). Fillipova, N. A (ed.). Аналитическая химия элементов: Свинец (in Russian). Nauka. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

ଆହୁରି ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ

• Keisch, B.; Feller, R. L.; Levine, A. S.; Edwards, R. R. (1967). "Dating and Authenticating Works of Art by Measurement of Natural Alpha Emitters". Science. 155 (3767): 1238–1242. Bibcode:1967Sci...155.1238K. doi:10.1126/science.155.3767.1238. PMID 17847535.
• Keisch, B (1968). "Dating Works of Art Through their Natural Radioactivity: Improvements and Applications". Science. 160 (3826): 413–415. Bibcode:1968Sci...160..413K. doi:10.1126/science.160.3826.413. PMID 17740234.
• Keisch, B (1968). "Discriminating Radioactivity Measurements of Lead: New Tool for Authentication". Curator. 11 (1): 41–52. doi:10.1111/j.2151-6952.1968.tb00884.x.
• Casas, Jose S.; Sordo, Jose, eds. (2006). Lead Chemistry, Analytical Aspects. Environmental Impacts and Health Effects. Elsevier. ISBN 0-444-52945-4.

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ

• ସୀସା at Curlie
• Chemistry in its element podcast (MP3) from the Royal Society of Chemistry's Chemistry World: Lead
• Lead at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
• Lead-Free Wheels Archived 2010-08-30 at the Wayback Machine.
• National Lead Free Wheel Weight Initiative| Waste Minimization|Wastes|US EPA