ବୋରନ

Boron, ₅B
ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ	boron, B
Appearance	black-brown
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/ˈbɔːrɒn/
Boron in the periodic table
	beryllium ← boron → carbon
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)	5
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ	group 13, p-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ	period 2
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର	metalloid
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (±) (Ar)	10.81(1)
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ	[He] 2s2 2p1
per shell	2, 3
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥା	solid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ	2349 K (2076 °C, 3769 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ	4200 K (3927 °C, 7101 °F)
Density when liquid, at m.p.	2.08 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	50.2 kJ/mol
Heat of	480 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	11.087 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	3, 2, 1 mildly acidic oxide
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.04
energies	; (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 90 pm
Covalent radius	84±3 pm
Van der Waals radius	192 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	rhombohedral
Speed of sound thin rod	16,200 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	(β form) 5–7 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	27.4 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	~106 Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Mohs hardness	~9.5
CAS Number	7440-42-8
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାର	Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard (30 June 1808)
First isolation	Humphry Davy (9 July 1808)
Most stable isotopes of boron
	Boron-10 content may be as low as 19.1% and as; high as 20.3% in natural samples. Boron-11 is; the remainder in such cases.;
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ଇତିହାସ ଓ ନାମକରଣ

ଆବିଷ୍କାର- ସାର ହମ୍ପ୍ରେ ଡେଭି, ଜୋସେଫ ଲୁଇସ୍‌ ଗେ ଲୁକାସ,ଲୁଇସ୍‌ ଜାକସ୍‌ ଥେନାର୍ଡ୍‌

କେବେ-୧୮୨୮

କେଉଂଠି- ଇଁଲଣ୍ଡ/ଫ୍ରାନସ୍‌

ଉତ୍ପତି- ବୋରାକ୍ସ ଓ କାର୍ବନରୁ

ଧର୍ମ

ସମସ୍ଥାନିକ

10B [5 neutrons] Abundance: 19.9% Stable with 5 neutron 11B [6 neutrons] Abundance: 80.1% Stable with 6 neutron

ରାସାୟନିକ ଯୌଗିକ

ବୋରାକ୍ସ Na2B4O7 - 10H2O ,

ବୋରିକ ଏସିଡ୍‌ H3BO3 ,

ସୋଡିୟମ୍ ବୋରୋହାଇଡ୍ରାଈଡ୍‌ NaBH4 ,

ରେନିୟମ ଡାଇବୋରାଇଡ୍‌ ReB2 ,

ସୋଡିୟମ ପର୍‌ବୋରେଟ୍‌ NaBO3 ,

Reactions with air At higher temperatures, boron does burn in air to form boron(III) oxide, B2O3.

 4B + 3O2(g)2B2O3(s)

Reactions with halogens Boron reacts vigorously with fluorine, chlorine, and bromine to form boron(III) trihalides.

 2B(s) + 3F2(g)2BF3(g) 
 2B(s) + 3Cl2(g)2BCl3(g) 
 2B(s) + 3Br2(g)2BBr3(g)

Reactions with acids Crystalline boron does not react with boiling hydrochloric acid (HCl) or boiling hydrofluoric acid (HF). Powdered boron oxidizes slowly when treated with concentrated nitric acid, HNO3.

ଅବସ୍ଥିତି

କେର୍ନାଇଟ୍ ନାମକ ଓରରୁ ଉତ୍ପତି (Na2B4O7.10H2O).

ଆକଳନ କରାଯାଇଛି ଯେ ପୃଥିବୀରେ ଓର୍‌ ଆକାରରେ ଗଛିତ ଥିବା ବୋରୋନର ପରିମାଣ ପ୍ରାୟ 1010 କିଲୋଗ୍ରାମ | ଆମେରିକା, ତିବତ, ଚିଲି ଓ ତୁର୍କୀ ମୂଖ୍ୟ ଉପ୍ତାଦନକାରି ଦେଶ | ବହୁଳତା:

ବିଶ୍ୱ: 0.001 ppm

ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ: 0.002 ppm

ପୃଥିବୀ ପୃଷ୍ଠ : 950 ppm

ସମୁଦ୍ର: 4.41 ppm

ମାନବ ଶରୀର

700 ppb by weight 410 ppb by atoms

ଉତ୍ପାଦନ

ବ୍ୟବହାର

ବୋରାକ୍ସ Na2B4O7 - 10H2O ,ସାବୁନ, ଡିଟର୍‌ଜେଣ୍ଟ, କୀଟନାଶକ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତିରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର ହୋଇଥାଏ |

ବୋରିକ ଏସିଡ୍‌ H3BO3 ଆଣବିକ ଶକ୍ତି କେନ୍ଦ୍ରରେ ଫିସିଅନ୍‌ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟାକୁ ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ କରିବାରେ, ଆଣ୍ଟିସେପଟିକ, କୀଟନାଶକ ଓ ଅଗ୍ନିର ପ୍ରଜ୍ୱଳନଶୀଳତାକୁ ହ୍ରାସ କରିବାରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର ହୋଇଥାଏ |

ସୋଡିୟମ୍ ବୋରୋହାଇଡ୍ରାଈଡ୍‌ NaBH4 ଔଷଧ ଓ ରାସାୟନିକ ଶିଳ୍ପରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇଥାଏ |

ରେନିୟମ ଡାଇବୋରାଇଡ୍‌ ReB2 ହିରା କାଟିବାରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର ହୋଇଥାଏ |

ଆହୁରି ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ

ଟୀକା

↑ Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy. 170: 82. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Holcombe Jr., C. E.; Smith, D. D.; Lorc, J. D.; Duerlesen, W. K.; Carpenter; D. A. (October 1973). "Physical-Chemical Properties of beta-Rhombohedral Boron". High Temp. Sci. 5 (5): 349–57.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Lide, David R. (ed.) (2000). Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF). CRC press. ISBN 0849304814. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)
↑ Gay Lussac, J.L. and Thenard, L.J. (1808) "Sur la décomposition et la recomposition de l'acide boracique," Annales de chimie [later: Annales de chemie et de physique], vol. 68, pp. 169–174.
↑ Davy H (1809). "An account of some new analytical researches on the nature of certain bodies, particularly the alkalies, phosphorus, sulphur, carbonaceous matter, and the acids hitherto undecomposed: with some general observations on chemical theory". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 99: 33–104.
↑ ^୬.୦ ^୬.୧ "Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 2008-09-21.
↑ Szegedi, S.; Váradi, M.; Buczkó, Cs. M.; Várnagy, M.; Sztaricskai, T. (1990). "Determination of boron in glass by neutron transmission method". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. 146 (3): 177. doi:10.1007/BF02165219.

ଆଧାର

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ

Boron at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
Boron

[v1-1] Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy. 170: 82. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[2] Holcombe Jr., C. E.; Smith, D. D.; Lorc, J. D.; Duerlesen, W. K.; Carpenter; D. A. (October 1973). "Physical-Chemical Properties of beta-Rhombohedral Boron". High Temp. Sci. 5 (5): 349–57.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[magnet-3] Lide, David R. (ed.) (2000). Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF). CRC press. ISBN 0849304814. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)

[Lussac-4] Gay Lussac, J.L. and Thenard, L.J. (1808) "Sur la décomposition et la recomposition de l'acide boracique," Annales de chimie [later: Annales de chemie et de physique], vol. 68, pp. 169–174.

[Davy-5] Davy H (1809). "An account of some new analytical researches on the nature of certain bodies, particularly the alkalies, phosphorus, sulphur, carbonaceous matter, and the acids hitherto undecomposed: with some general observations on chemical theory". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 99: 33–104.

[NISTic-6] ୬.୦ ^୬.୧ "Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 2008-09-21.

[7] Szegedi, S.; Váradi, M.; Buczkó, Cs. M.; Várnagy, M.; Sztaricskai, T. (1990). "Determination of boron in glass by neutron transmission method". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. 146 (3): 177. doi:10.1007/BF02165219.

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