ନିଓବିଅମ

ନିଓବିଅମ (ଆଗରୁ columbium ଥିଲା) ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Nb (ଆଗରୁ Cb ଥିଲା) ଓ ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୪୧ ।

Niobium,  ₄₁Nb

ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ	niobium, Nb
Appearance	gray metallic, bluish when oxidized
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/naɪˈoʊbiəm/ ny-OH-bee-əm; /kəˈlʌmbiəm/ kə-LUM-bee-əm
Niobium in the periodic table
V ↑ Nb ↓ Ta zirconium ← niobium → molybdenum
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)	41
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ	group 5, d-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ	period 5
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର	transition metal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (Ar)	92.90638
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ	[Kr] 4d4 5s1
per shell	2, 8, 18, 12, 1
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥା	solid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ	2750 K ​(2477 °C, ​4491 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ	5017 K ​(4744 °C, ​8571 °F)
Density near r.t.	8.57 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	30 kJ/mol
Heat of	689.9 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.60 J/(mol·K)
pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 2942 3207 3524 3910 4393 5013
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	5, 4, 3, 2, -1 (mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.6
Atomic radius	empirical: 146 pm
Covalent radius	164±6 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​body-centered cubic (bcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	3480 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	7.3 µm/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity	53.7 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	152 n Ω·m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	105 GPa
Shear modulus	38 GPa
Bulk modulus	170 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.40
Mohs hardness	6.0
Vickers hardness	1320 MPa
Brinell hardness	736 MPa
CAS Number	7440-03-1
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାର	Charles Hatchett (1801)
First isolation	Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand (1864)
Recognized as a distinct element by	Heinrich Rose (1844)
Most stable isotopes of niobium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 91Nb syn 6.8×102 y ε - 91Zr 91mNb syn 60.86 d IT 0.104e 91Nb 92Nb syn 10.15 d ε - 92Zr γ 0.934 - 92Nb syn 3.47×107y ε - 92Zr γ 0.561, 0.934 - 93Nb 100% 93Nb is stable with 52 neutrons 93mNb syn 16.13 y IT 0.031e 93Nb 94Nb syn 2.03×104 y β− 0.471 94Mo γ 0.702, 0.871 - 95Nb syn 34.991 d β− 0.159 95Mo γ 0.765 - 95mNb syn 3.61 d IT 0.235 95Nb

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ

• Los Alamos National Laboratory – Niobium
• Tantalum-Niobium International Study Center
• Niobium for particle accelerators eg ILC. 2005 Archived 2006-10-02 at the Wayback Machine.
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Columbium" . Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
• Niobium at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
• Spectroscopically, the monochloride (NbCl) has been observed at high temperatures: see Ram, R.S.; Rinskopf, N.; Liévin, J.; Bernatha, P.F. (2004). "Fourier transform emission spectroscopy and ab initio calculations on NbCl" (PDF). Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy. 228 (2): 544–553. Bibcode:2004JMoSp.228..544R. doi:10.1016/j.jms.2004.02.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-02-28.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)