ତମ୍ବା

ତମ୍ବା ([Copper; କପର୍] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help)) ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Cu ([cuprum; କ୍ୟୁପ୍ରମ୍] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help)ରୁ ଅସିଛି) ଓ ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୨୯ ।

Copper,  ₂₉Cu

Native copper (~4 cm in size)
ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ	copper, Cu
Appearance	red-orange metallic luster
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/ˈkɒpər/ KOP-ər
Copper in the periodic table
- ↑ Cu ↓ Ag nickel ← copper → zinc
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)	29
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ	group 11, d-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ	period 4
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର	transition metal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (±) (Ar)	63.546(3)
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ	[Ar] 3d10 4s1
per shell	2, 8, 18, 1
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥା	solid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ	1357.77 K ​(1084.62 °C, ​1984.32 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ	2835 K ​(2562 °C, ​4643 °F)
Density near r.t.	8.96 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	8.02 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	13.26 kJ/mol
Heat of	300.4 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.440 J/(mol·K)
pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1509 1661 1850 2089 2404 2834
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	+1, +2, +3, +4 ​mildly basic oxide
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.90
energies	(more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 128 pm
Covalent radius	132±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	140 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​face-centered cubic (fcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	(annealed) 3810 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	16.5 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	401 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	16.78 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	110–128 GPa
Shear modulus	48 GPa
Bulk modulus	140 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.34
Mohs hardness	3.0
Vickers hardness	369 MPa
Brinell hardness	874 MPa
CAS Number	7440-50-8
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାର	Middle Easterns (9000 BC)
Most stable isotopes of copper
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 63Cu 69.15% 63Cu is stable with 34 neutrons 64Cu syn 12.700 h ε - 64Ni β− - 64Zn 65Cu 30.85% 65Cu is stable with 36 neutrons 67Cu syn 61.83 h β− - 67Zn

ଆହୁରି ପଢନ୍ତୁ

• Massaro, Edward J., ed. (2002). Handbook of Copper Pharmacology and Toxicology. Humana Press. ISBN 0-89603-943-9.
• "Copper: Technology & Competitiveness (Summary) Chapter 6: Copper Production Technology" (PDF). Office of Technology Assessment. 2005.
• Current Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 12, Number 10, May 2005, pp. 1161–1208(48) Metals, Toxicity and Oxidative Stress
• William D. Callister (2003). Materials Science and Engineering: an Introduction, 6th Ed. Table 6.1, p. 137: Wiley, New York. ISBN 0-471-73696-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
• Material: Copper (Cu), bulk, MEMS and Nanotechnology Clearinghouse.
• Kim BE, Nevitt T, Thiele DJ (2008). "Mechanisms for copper acquisition, distribution and regulation". Nat. Chem. Biol. 4 (3): 176–85. doi:10.1038/nchembio.72. PMID 18277979.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Copper transport disorders: an Instant insight from the Royal Society of Chemistry

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ

• Copper at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
• National Pollutant Inventory – Copper and compounds fact sheet
• Copper Resource Page. Includes 12 PDF files detailing the material properties of various kinds of copper, as well as various guides and tools for the copper industry.
• CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Copper (dusts and mists)
• CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Copper fume
• The Copper Development Association has an extensive site of properties and uses of copper; it also maintains a [http://www.brass.org web site dedicated to brass, a copper alloy.
• The Third Millennium Online page on Copper
• Price history of copper, according to the IMF