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ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ | thulium, Tm |
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Appearance | silvery gray |
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ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ | THEW-lee-əm |
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ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z) | 69 |
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ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ | group n/a, f-block |
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ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ | period 6 |
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ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର | lanthanide |
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ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (Ar) | 168.93421 |
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ଇଲେକ୍ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ | [Xe] 4f13 6s2 |
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per shell | 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 |
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ଅବସ୍ଥା | solid |
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ଗଳନାଙ୍କ | 1818 K (1545 °C, 2813 °F) |
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ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ | 2223 K (1950 °C, 3542 °F) |
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Density near r.t. | 9.32 g/cm3 |
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when liquid, at m.p. | 8.56 g/cm3 |
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Heat of fusion | 16.84 kJ/mol |
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Heat of | 247 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 27.03 J/(mol·K) |
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pressure
P (Pa)
|
1
|
10
|
100
|
1 k
|
10 k
|
100 k
|
at T (K)
|
1117
|
1235
|
1381
|
1570
|
(1821)
|
(2217)
| |
|
Oxidation states | 2, 3, 4 (basic oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.25 |
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Atomic radius | empirical: 176 pm |
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Covalent radius | 190±10 pm |
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Crystal structure | hexagonal close-packed (hcp) |
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Thermal expansion | (r.t.) (poly) 13.3 µm/(m·K) |
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Thermal conductivity | 16.9 W/(m·K) |
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Electrical resistivity | (r.t.) (poly) 676 n Ω·m |
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Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic at 300 K |
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Young's modulus | 74.0 GPa |
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Shear modulus | 30.5 GPa |
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Bulk modulus | 44.5 GPa |
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Poisson ratio | 0.213 |
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Vickers hardness | 520 MPa |
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Brinell hardness | 471 MPa |
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CAS Number | 7440-30-4 |
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ଆବିଷ୍କାର | Per Teodor Cleve (1879) |
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First isolation | Per Teodor Cleve (1879) |
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| references |