ଗ୍ୟାଡ଼ୋଲିନିଅମ

ଗ୍ୟାଡ଼ୋଲିନିଅମ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Gd ଓ ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୬୪ ।

Gadolinium,  ₆₄Gd

ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ	gadolinium, Gd
Appearance	silvery white
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/ˌɡædəˈlɪniəm/ GAD-ə-LIN-ee-əm
Gadolinium in the periodic table
- ↑ Gd ↓ Cm europium ← gadolinium → terbium
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)	64
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ	group n/a, f-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ	period 6
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର	lanthanide
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (Ar)	157.25
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ	[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥା	solid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ	1585 K ​(1312 °C, ​2394 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ	3546 K ​(3273 °C, ​5923 °F)
Density near r.t.	7.90 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	7.4 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	10.05 kJ/mol
Heat of	301.3 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	37.03 J/(mol·K)
pressure (calculated) P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1836 2028 2267 2573 2976 3535
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	1, 2, 3 (mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.20
Atomic radius	empirical: 180 pm
Covalent radius	196±6 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed of sound thin rod	2680 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	(100 °C, α, poly) 9.4 µm/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity	10.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	(r.t.) (α, poly) 1.310 µ Ω·m
Magnetic ordering	ferromagnetic/paramagnetic transition at 293.4 K
Young's modulus	(α form) 54.8 GPa
Shear modulus	(α form) 21.8 GPa
Bulk modulus	(α form) 37.9 GPa
Poisson ratio	(α form) 0.259
Vickers hardness	570 MPa
CAS Number	7440-54-2
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାର	Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (1880)
First isolation	Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1886)
Most stable isotopes of gadolinium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 152Gd 0.20% 1.08×1014 y α 2.205 148Sm 154Gd 2.18% 154Gd is stable with 90 neutrons 155Gd 14.80% 155Gd is stable with 91 neutrons 156Gd 20.47% 156Gd is stable with 92 neutrons 157Gd 15.65% 157Gd is stable with 93 neutrons 158Gd 24.84% 158Gd is stable with 94 neutrons 160Gd 21.86% >1.3×1021 y β−β− 1.729 160Dy

ଧର୍ମ

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ

• Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis – Complication of Gadolinium MR Contrast Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine. (series of images at MedPix website)
• It's Elemental – Gadolinium
• Refrigerator uses gadolinium metal that heats up when exposed to magnetic field Archived 2010-03-23 at the Wayback Machine.
• FDA advisory on gadolinium-based contrast
• Abdominal MR imaging: important considerations for evaluation of gadolinium enhancement Archived 2012-02-27 at the Wayback Machine. Rafael O.P. de Campos, Vasco Herédia, Ersan Altun, Richard C. Semelka, Department of Radiology University of North Carolina Hospitals Chapel Hill