କ୍ୟାଡ଼ମିଅମ

କ୍ୟାଡ଼ମିଅମ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Cd ଓ ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୪୮ ।

Cadmium,  ₄₈Cd

ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ	cadmium, Cd
Appearance	silvery bluish-gray metallic
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/ˈkædmiəm/ KAD-mee-əm
Cadmium in the periodic table
Zn ↑ Cd ↓ Hg silver ← cadmium → indium
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)	48
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ	group 12, d-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ	period 5
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର	transition metal, Alternatively considered a post-transition metal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (Ar)	112.411
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ	[Kr] 5s2 4d10
per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 2
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥା	solid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ	594.22 K ​(321.07 °C, ​609.93 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ	1040 K ​(767 °C, ​1413 °F)
Density near r.t.	8.65 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	7.996 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	6.21 kJ/mol
Heat of	99.87 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.020 J/(mol·K)
pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 530 583 654 745 867 1040
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	2, 1 (mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.69
Atomic radius	empirical: 151 pm
Covalent radius	144±9 pm
Van der Waals radius	158 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed of sound thin rod	2310 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	30.8 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	96.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	(22 °C) 72.7 n Ω·m
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	50 GPa
Shear modulus	19 GPa
Bulk modulus	42 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.30
Mohs hardness	2.0
Brinell hardness	203 MPa
CAS Number	7440-43-9
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାର	Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer (1817)
First isolation	Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer (1817)
Named by	Friedrich Stromeyer (1817)
Most stable isotopes of cadmium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 106Cd 1.25% >4.1×1020 y β+β+ 2.770 106Pd 107Cd syn 6.5 h ε 1.417 107Ag 108Cd 0.89% >4.1×1017 y β+β+ 0.272 108Pd 109Cd syn 462.6 d ε 0.214 109Ag 110Cd 12.49% 110Cd is stable with 62 neutrons 111Cd 12.8% 111Cd is stable with 63 neutrons 112Cd 24.13% 112Cd is stable with 64 neutrons 113Cd 12.22% 7.7×1015 y β− 0.316 113In 113mCd syn 14.1 y β− 0.580 113In IT 0.264 113Cd 114Cd 28.73% >6.4×1018 y β−β− 0.540 114Sn 115Cd syn 53.46 h β− 1.446 115In 116Cd 7.49% 3.1×1019 y β−β− 2.809 116Sn

ଆହୁରି ପଢନ୍ତୁ

Hartwig, Andrea (2013). "Chapter 15. Cadmium and cancer". In Astrid Sigel, Helmut Sigel and Roland K. O. Sigel (ed.). Cadmium: From Toxicology to Essentiality. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 11. Springer. pp. 491–507. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5179-8_15.

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ

• Cadium at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
• ATSDR Case Studies in Environmental Medicine: Cadmium Toxicity U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
• Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’s (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Cadmium
• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health – Cadmium Page
• NLM Hazardous Substances Databank – Cadmium, Elemental