ମିଳିତ ଜନ୍ମ ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ ବଟିକା

Combined birth control pill
Combined birth control pill
Background
Type	Hormonal
First use	1960 (United States)
Synonyms	Combined oral contraceptive pills (COCPs); the pill
Failure rates (first year)
Perfect use	0.3%
Typical use	9%
Usage
Duration effect	At least 48 hrs
Reversibility	Yes
User reminders	Take daily at same time
Advantages and disadvantages
STI protection	No
Periods	Often lighter and less painful
Weight	No proven effect
Benefits	Helps acne, PCOS, PMS, endometriosis; Reduced risk of some cancers (ovarian, colon, and endometrial cancer)
Risks	Small increase in DVT, stroke, heart attack; Increased risk of some cancers (breast and cervical cancer)
Medical notes
	Decreased effectiveness by rifampicin, St. Johns Wort, griseofulvin, some anti-epileptics, some HIV medication, vomiting or diarrhea.

ମିଳିତ ଜନ୍ମ ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ ବଟିକା ( CBCPs ), ଯାହାକୁ ମିଳିତ ମୁଖ ଗର୍ଭନିରୋଧକ ବଟିକା ( COCPs ) ବା କେବଳ ବଟିକା ମଧ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ, ହେଉଛି ମହିଳାମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଏକ ପ୍ରକାର ଜନ୍ମ ନିରୋଧ ବଟିକା ।^[୫] ସଂପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ବ୍ୟବହାର କଲେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକ୍ଷମତା ପ୍ରାୟ 0.୩% ଥିବାବେଳେ ସାଧାରଣ ବ୍ୟବହାର ସହିତ ଏହା ପ୍ରାୟ ୯% ହୁଏ ।^[୨] ବ୍ରଣ, ପଲିସିଷ୍ଟିକ ଓଭାରୀ ସିଣ୍ଡ୍ରୋମ, ପ୍ରାକ୍ ଋତୁସ୍ରାବ ଲକ୍ଷଣପୁଞ୍ଜ ଏବଂ ଏଣ୍ଡୋମେଟ୍ରିଓସିସ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ରୋଗରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିହୁଏ ।^[୪] ^[୫] ଏହା ପାଟିରେ ଏହା ୭ ଦିନ ବିରତି ସ‌ହିତ ୨୧ ଦିନ ପାଇଁ ଦିଆଯାଏ ଯଦିଓ କ୍ରମାଗତ ଭାବରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଦିଆଯାଇପାରେ ।^[୪]

ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ବାନ୍ତି, ସ୍ତନ ଦରଜ, ଯୋନୀପଥ ରକ୍ତସ୍ରାବ ଏବଂ ମୁଣ୍ଡବିନ୍ଧା ହୋଇପାରେ; କିନ୍ତୁ ଏଗୁଡିକ କିଛି ମାସ ପରେ ଉପଶମ ହୋଇଯାଏ ।^[୪] ^[୮] ଗମ୍ଭୀର କିନ୍ତୁ ବିରଳ ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ରକ୍ତ ଜମାଟ ବାନ୍ଧିପାରେ ।^[୪] ଏହା ଶରୀରର ଓଜନ, କର୍କଟ ରୋଗର ସାମଗ୍ରିକ ବିପଦ କିମ୍ବା ଯୌନ କ୍ରିୟା ସଞ୍ଚାରିତ ସଂକ୍ରମଣର ବିପଦକୁ ପ୍ରଭାବିତ କରୁଥିବା ପରି ଦେଖାଯାଏ ନାହିଁ ।^[୪] ^[୯] ଅନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରିତ ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପ ଥିବା ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି, ଧୂମପାନ କରୁଥିବା ବୟସ୍କା ମହିଳା ଏବଂ ଅଧକପାଳୀ ଥିବା ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିବାକୁ ସୁପାରିଶ କରାଯାଏ ନାହିଁ ।^[୫] ଏଥିରେ ପ୍ରୋଜେଷ୍ଟୋଜେନର ଏକ ସଂସ୍କରଣ ଏବଂ ଇଷ୍ଟ୍ରୋଜେନର ଏକ ସଂସ୍କରଣ ଥାଏ, ଏହି ଭଳି ଦୁଇଟି ହରମୋନ୍ ଥାଏ ।^[୪] ଏହା ମୁଖ୍ୟତଃ ଋତୁସ୍ରାବ ଚକ୍ରକୁ ବଦଳେଇ ଡିମ୍ବାଣୁ ବନ୍ଦ କରିଦେବା ଫଳରେ ଗର୍ଭଧାରଣକୁ ରୋକିବା ପାଇଁ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକ୍ଷମ ହୁଏ । ^[୪]

୧୯୬୦ ମସିହାରେ ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର ପାଇଁ ସିବିସିପି (CBCP) ଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପ୍ରଥମେ ଅନୁମୋଦିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।^[୧] ୨୦୧୯ ସୁଦ୍ଧା ବିଶ୍ୱବ୍ୟାପୀ ପ୍ରାୟ ୧୫୦ ନିୟୁତ ମହିଳା (୧୫–୪୯ ବର୍ଷ ବୟସ୍କ ୮% ମହିଳା), ^[୧୦] ଏବଂ ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରରେ ପ୍ରାୟ ୧୦ ନିୟୁତ ମହିଳା (୧୫–୪୯ ବର୍ଷ ବୟସ୍କ ୧୪% ମହିଳା) ବ୍ୟବହାର କରନ୍ତି। ^[୧୧] ^[୧୨] ବ୍ୟବହାର ହାର ଦେଶ ଏବଂ ବୈବାହିକ ସ୍ଥିତି ଅନୁସାରେ ଭିନ୍ନ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।^[୧୦] ଯୁକ୍ତରାଜ୍ୟରେ ୧୫–୪୯ ବର୍ଷ ବୟସର ପ୍ରାୟ ୨୬% ମହିଳା ମିଳିତ କିମ୍ବା ପ୍ରୋଜେଷ୍ଟୋଜେନ-କେବଳ ବଟିକା (POP) ବ୍ୟବହାର କରନ୍ତି, ଏହା ତୁଳନାରେ ଜାପାନରେ ୩% ରୁ କମ୍ ବ୍ୟବ‌ହାର କରନ୍ତି ।^[୧୦] ବିଶ୍ୱ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସଂଗଠନର ଅତ୍ୟାବଶ୍ୟକୀୟ ଔଷଧ ତାଲିକାରେ ଇଥିନିଲଏଷ୍ଟ୍ରାଡିଅଲ/ଲେଭୋନୋରଗେଷ୍ଟ୍ରେଲ୍ ଏବଂ ଇଥିନିଲଏଷ୍ଟ୍ରାଡାୟଲ/ନରଏଥିଷ୍ଟିରନ ଔଷଧ ଦୁଇଟିର ନାମ ଲିପିବଦ୍ଧ ଅଛି ।^[୧୩] ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରରେ ଏହା ନିମନ୍ତେ ମାସକୁ ୫୦ ଡଲାର ଖର୍ଚ୍ଚ ହେଉଥିବ ବେଳେ ଯୁକ୍ତରାଜ୍ୟରେ ମାଗଣା ମିଳେ ।^[୧୪] ^[୪] ସ୍ୱଳ୍ପ ଏବଂ ମଧ୍ୟମ ଆୟ ଦେଶଗୁଡିକରେ ସେମାନେ ବର୍ଷକୁ ପ୍ରାୟ ୧୧ ଡଲାର୍ ଖର୍ଚ୍ଚ କରନ୍ତି ।^[୧୫] ଉପଲବ୍ଧତା ଯୋଗୁ ଯୌନ ବିପ୍ଳବ ଆଣିବାରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ ହେଲା ।^[୧୬]

ଆଧାର

↑ ^୧.୦ ^୧.୧ "The Birth Control Pill A History" (PDF). Planned Parenthood. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 December 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
↑ ^୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ Trussell J (2011). "Contraceptive efficacy". In Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson A, Cates W, Kowal D, Policar M (eds.). Contraceptive technology (20th revised ed.). New York: Ardent Media. pp. 779–863. ISBN 978-1-59708-004-0. ISSN 0091-9721. OCLC 781956734. Table 26–1 = Table 3–2 Percentage of women experiencing an unintended pregnancy during the first year of typical use and the first year of perfect use of contraception, and the percentage continuing use at the end of the first year. United States."Archive copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-15. Retrieved 2023-07-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
↑ "What should I do if I miss a pill (combined pill)?". nhs.uk (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). 21 December 2017. Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
↑ ^୪.୦୦ ^୪.୦୧ ^୪.୦୨ ^୪.୦୩ ^୪.୦୪ ^୪.୦୫ ^୪.୦୬ ^୪.୦୭ ^୪.୦୮ ^୪.୦୯ ^୪.୧୦ ^୪.୧୧ ^୪.୧୨ ^୪.୧୩ "Combined pill". nhs.uk (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). 21 December 2017. Archived from the original on 26 November 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
↑ ^୫.୦ ^୫.୧ ^୫.୨ ^୫.୩ Cooper, DB; Patel, P; Mahdy, H (January 2023). "Oral Contraceptive Pills". PMID 28613632. Archived from the original on 2023-07-14. Retrieved 2023-07-15. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
↑ ^୬.୦ ^୬.୧ "Oral Contraceptives and Cancer Risk". National Cancer Institute. 22 Feb 2018. Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
↑ "Are Birth Control Pills Effective? | Do Birth Control Pills Work?". www.plannedparenthood.org (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
↑ "What are the side effects of the birth control pill?". www.plannedparenthood.org (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 26 September 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
↑ Kamani, M; Akgor, U; Gültekin, M (2022). "Review of the literature on combined oral contraceptives and cancer". Ecancermedicalscience. 16: 1416. doi:10.3332/ecancer.2022.1416. PMID 36072240.
↑ ^୧୦.୦ ^୧୦.୧ ^୧୦.୨ Contraceptive use by method 2019 : data booklet (PDF). [New York, NY]: United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division. 2019. ISBN 978-92-1-148329-1. OCLC 1135665739. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-12-13. Retrieved 2023-12-08.
↑ "FastStats". www.cdc.gov (in ଆମେରିକୀୟ ଇଂରାଜୀ). 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
↑ "Products - Data Briefs - Number 388- October 2020". www.cdc.gov (in ଆମେରିକୀୟ ଇଂରାଜୀ). 8 December 2020. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
↑ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
↑ "Where Can I Buy Birth Control Pills & How Much Do They Cost?". www.plannedparenthood.org (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 21 July 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
↑ Darroch, Jacqueline E.; Woog, Vanessa; Bankole, Akinrinola; Ashford, Lori S. (5 May 2016). "Adding it up: Costs and Benefits of Meeting the Contraceptive Needs of Adolescents" (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
↑ "The Pill Started More Than One Revolution". The New York Times. 2010-05-03. Archived from the original on 2015-09-27. Retrieved 2015-09-21.

[PP2023His-1] ୧.୦ ^୧.୧ "The Birth Control Pill A History" (PDF). Planned Parenthood. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 December 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2023.

[Trus2011-2] ୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ Trussell J (2011). "Contraceptive efficacy". In Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson A, Cates W, Kowal D, Policar M (eds.). Contraceptive technology (20th revised ed.). New York: Ardent Media. pp. 779–863. ISBN 978-1-59708-004-0. ISSN 0091-9721. OCLC 781956734. Table 26–1 = Table 3–2 Percentage of women experiencing an unintended pregnancy during the first year of typical use and the first year of perfect use of contraception, and the percentage continuing use at the end of the first year. United States."Archive copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-15. Retrieved 2023-07-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[3] "What should I do if I miss a pill (combined pill)?". nhs.uk (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). 21 December 2017. Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.

[NHS2023-4] ୪.୦୦ ^୪.୦୧ ^୪.୦୨ ^୪.୦୩ ^୪.୦୪ ^୪.୦୫ ^୪.୦୬ ^୪.୦୭ ^୪.୦୮ ^୪.୦୯ ^୪.୧୦ ^୪.୧୧ ^୪.୧୨ ^୪.୧୩ "Combined pill". nhs.uk (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). 21 December 2017. Archived from the original on 26 November 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.

[Stat2023-5] ୫.୦ ^୫.୧ ^୫.୨ ^୫.୩ Cooper, DB; Patel, P; Mahdy, H (January 2023). "Oral Contraceptive Pills". PMID 28613632. Archived from the original on 2023-07-14. Retrieved 2023-07-15. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[Can2023-6] ୬.୦ ^୬.୧ "Oral Contraceptives and Cancer Risk". National Cancer Institute. 22 Feb 2018. Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2020.

[7] "Are Birth Control Pills Effective? | Do Birth Control Pills Work?". www.plannedparenthood.org (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.

[PP2023Side-8] "What are the side effects of the birth control pill?". www.plannedparenthood.org (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 26 September 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.

[9] Kamani, M; Akgor, U; Gültekin, M (2022). "Review of the literature on combined oral contraceptives and cancer". Ecancermedicalscience. 16: 1416. doi:10.3332/ecancer.2022.1416. PMID 36072240.

[UN2019-10] ୧୦.୦ ^୧୦.୧ ^୧୦.୨ Contraceptive use by method 2019 : data booklet (PDF). [New York, NY]: United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division. 2019. ISBN 978-92-1-148329-1. OCLC 1135665739. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-12-13. Retrieved 2023-12-08.

[11] "FastStats". www.cdc.gov (in ଆମେରିକୀୟ ଇଂରାଜୀ). 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.

[12] "Products - Data Briefs - Number 388- October 2020". www.cdc.gov (in ଆମେରିକୀୟ ଇଂରାଜୀ). 8 December 2020. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.

[WHO21st-13] World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

[14] "Where Can I Buy Birth Control Pills & How Much Do They Cost?". www.plannedparenthood.org (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 21 July 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.

[15] Darroch, Jacqueline E.; Woog, Vanessa; Bankole, Akinrinola; Ashford, Lori S. (5 May 2016). "Adding it up: Costs and Benefits of Meeting the Contraceptive Needs of Adolescents" (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.

[16] "The Pill Started More Than One Revolution". The New York Times. 2010-05-03. Archived from the original on 2015-09-27. Retrieved 2015-09-21.

[୫]

[୨]

[୪]

[୧]

[୩]

[୬]

[୭]

[୮]

[୯]

[୧୦]

[୧୧]

[୧୨]

[୧୩]

[୧୪]

[୧୫]

[୧୬]