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ବ୍ୟବହାରକାରୀ:Snip1/List of dinosaur genera

< ବ୍ୟବହାରକାରୀ:Snip1
(ବ୍ୟବହାରକାରୀ:ଶିତିକଣ୍ଠ ଦାଶ/List of dinosaur generaରୁ ଲେଉଟି ଆସିଛି)
Mounted skeletons of Tyrannosaurus (left) and Apatosaurus (right) at the AMNH.

This list of dinosaurs is a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the superorder Dinosauria, excluding class Aves (birds, both living and those known only from fossils) and purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomen dubium), or were not formally published (nomen nudum), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered dinosaurs. Many listed names have been reclassified as everything from birds to crocodilians to petrified wood. The list contains 1444 names, of which approximately 1060 are considered either valid dinosaur genera or nomina dubia.

Scope and terminology ସମ୍ପାଦନା

There is no official, canonical list of dinosaur genera. The closest is the Dinosaur Genera List, compiled by biological nomenclature expert George Olshevsky, which was first published online in 1995 and is regularly updated. The most authoritative general source in the field is the second (2004) edition of The Dinosauria. The vast majority of citations are based on Olshevsky's list, and all subjective determinations (such as junior synonymy or non-dinosaurian status) are based on The Dinosauria, except where they conflict with primary literature. These exceptions are noted.

Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Technical terms used include:

  • Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN (see Tyrannosaurus), but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
  • Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen.
  • Nomen oblitum (Latin for "forgotten name"): A name that has not been used in the scientific community for more than fifty years after its original proposal.
  • Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. Preoccupied names are not valid generic names.
  • Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. As this can be an extremely subjective and controversial designation (see Hadrosaurus), this term is not used on this list.

A ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Abelisaurus skull.
 
Replica of an Allosaurus skeleton.
 
Life restoration of Alamosaurus.
 
Artist's restoration of a trio of Aucasaurus.

B ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
A view from below of the rearing Barosaurus mounted in the American Museum of Natural History in New York City.

C ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Camarasaurus skull.
 
Artist's restoration of Ceratosaurus.

D ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Deinonychus skeleton.
 
The painting Laelaps by Charles Knight, depicting two Dryptosaurus fighting.

E ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Life restoration of Euoplocephalus.

F ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Life restoration of Fukuiraptor.

G ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Skeleton of Giraffatitan.

H ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Artist's restoration of Hypsilophodon.

I ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Early, inaccurate sketch of two Iguanodon.

J ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Life restoration of Jinfengopteryx.

K ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Kentrosaurus skeleton.

L ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Life restoration of Leaellynasaura.

M ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Sketch of the sauropod Mamenchisaurus.
 
Cast of a Muttaburrasaurus skeleton.

N ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Artist's restoration of a pair of Nanshiungosaurus.

O ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Ornitholestes sketch.

P ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Life restoration of Pachycephalosaurus.
 
Parasaurolophus sketch.

Q ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Qantassaurus skeleton.

R ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Profile sketch of the head of Rinchenia.

S ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Artist's restoration of Segisaurus.
 
Artist's restoration of the giant theropod Spinosaurus.
 
Early sketch of a Struthiomimus.

T ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Tyrannosaurus skeleton.

U ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Illustration of the skull of Udanoceratops.

V ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Life restoration of Velociraptor.

W ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Life restoration of Wintonotitan.

X ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Artist's restoration of Xuwulong.

Y ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Artist's restoration of Yunnanosaurus.

Z ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
 
Life restoration of Zuniceratops.

See also ସମ୍ପାଦନା

Notes ସମ୍ପାଦନା

  • Uncited genera names can be attributed to Olshevsky's "Dinosaur Genera List". Dalianraptor is listed by Olshevsky, but omitted from this list, since it has not been described as a non-avian dinosaur in a published source.
  1. ↑ Nesbitt, S.J.; Clarke, J.A.; Turner, A.H.; and Norell, M.A. (2011). "A small alvarezsaurid from the eastern Gobi Desert offers insight into evolutionary patterns in the Alvarezsauroidea". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (1): 144–153. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.540053.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ↑ Taylor, M. (12 February 2005). Re: Raptor Red and Heyday Of The Giants. Dinosaur Mailing List.
  3. ↑ Williams, T. (13 February 2005). Re: Raptor Red and Heyday Of The Giants. Dinosaur Mailing List.
  4. ↑ Pascal Godefroit, François Escuillié, Yuri L. Bolotsky and Pascaline Lauters (2012). "A New Basal Hadrosauroid Dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Kazakhstan". In Godefroit, P. (eds) (ed.). Bernissart Dinosaurs and Early Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. Indiana University Press. pp. 335–358. {{cite book}}: |editor= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ ୫.୦୦ ୫.୦୧ ୫.୦୨ ୫.୦୩ ୫.୦୪ ୫.୦୫ ୫.୦୬ ୫.୦୭ ୫.୦୮ ୫.୦୯ ୫.୧୦ ୫.୧୧ ୫.୧୨ Lambert, D. (1993). "A to Z of Dinosaurs" In: The Ultimate Dinosaur Book. Dorling Kindersley.
  6. ↑ Worth, G. (Ed.). N.d. Chondrosteus. In: The Dinosaur Encyclopedia. Retrieved December 7, 2012. Attributes misspelling to Huene, F. von. 1907–1908. Die Dinosaurier der europaischen Triasformation mit Beriicksichtigung der aussereuropaischen Vorkominnisse. Geol. Paleontol. Abhandl. Suppl. 1, pp. 1–419.
  7. ↑ ୭.୦ ୭.୧ ୭.୨ Gregory S. Paul (2012). "Notes on the rising diversity of iguanodont taxa, and iguanodonts named after Darwin, Huxley and evolutionary science". Actas de V Jornadas Internacionales sobre Paleontologia de Dinosaurios y su Entorno, Salas de los Infantes, Burgos. Colectivo de Arqueologico-Paleontologico de Salas de los Infantes (Burgos). pp. 121–131.
  8. ↑ J. I. Ruiz-Omeñaca (2011) Delapparentia turolensis nov. gen et sp., un nuevo dinosaurio iguanodontoideo (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) en el Cretácico Inferior de Galve. Estudios Geológicos (advance online publication) doi:10.3989/egeol.40276.124 [୧]
  9. ↑ Jin Liyong, Chen Jun and Pascal Godefroit (2012). "A New Basal Ornithomimosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation, Northeast China". In Godefroit, P. (eds) (ed.). Bernissart Dinosaurs and Early Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. Indiana University Press. pp. 467–487. {{cite book}}: |editor= has generic name (help)
  10. ↑ ୧୦.୦ ୧୦.୧ ୧୦.୨ Rana, A.N. 2006. Country’s first dinosaur fossils. DAWN March 25, 2006.
  11. ↑ "A New Basal Sauropodomorph (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from Quebrada del Barro Formation (Marayes-El Carrizal Basin), Northwestern Argentina". PLoS ONE. 6 (11): e26964. 2011. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026964. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  12. ↑ doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038207
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  13. ↑ Henderson (2005). "Nano No More: The death of the pygmy tyrant." In: "The origin, systematics, and paleobiology of Tyrannosauridae", a symposium hosted jointly by Burpee Museum of Natural History and Northern Illinois University.
  14. ↑ ୧୪.୦ ୧୪.୧ Andrew T. McDonald (2011). "The taxonomy of species assigned to Camptosaurus (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2783: 52–68.
  15. ↑ Paul M. Barrett and Xu Xing (2012). "The enigmatic reptile Pachysuchus imperfectus Young, 1951 from the Lower Lufeng Formation (Lower Jurassic) of Yunnan, China" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 50 (2): 151–159.
  16. ↑ Cabreira, Sergio F.; Cesar L. Schultz, Jonathas S. Bittencourt, Marina B. Soares, Daniel C. Fortier, Lúcio R. Silva and Max C. Langer (2011). "New stem-sauropodomorph (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Triassic of Brazil". Naturwissenschaften. 98 (12): 1035–40. doi:10.1007/s00114-011-0858-0.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ↑ Leonardo S. Filippi, José Ignacio Canudo, Leonardo J. Salgado, Alberto C. Garrido, Rodolfo A. Garcia, Ignacio A. Cerda and Alejandro Otero (in press). "A new sauropod titanosaur from the Plottier Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Patagonia (Argentina)" (PDF). Geologica Acta. 9 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1344/105.000000???. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ↑ Tweet, J (N.d.). "Eusauropoda". Retrieved 31 December 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. ↑ Olshevsky, G. (February 9, 2001). Sauropodus. Dinosaur Mailing List.
  20. ↑ doi:10.1073/pnas.1203238109
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  21. ↑ This is an invalid name applied to what would now be recognized as a theropod, perhaps Megalosaurus, and considered invalid by the ICZN. For additional information, please see George Olshevsky's Dinosaur Genera List, The Theropod Database, or Dinogenera (French). Halstead, L.B.; Sarjeant, W.A.S. (1993). "Scrotum humanum Brookes - the earliest name for a dinosaur?". Modern Geology. 18: 221–224.
  22. ↑ Chiappe, Luis M.; Dyke, Gareth J. (2006). "The Early Evolutionary History of Birds". Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea. 22 (1): 133–151. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help)
  23. ↑ Buffetaut, E.; Suteethorn, V.; Tong, H.; and Amiot, R. (2008). "Geological Magazine". 145 (5): 745–748. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  24. ↑ Hussam Zaher, Diego Pol, Alberto B. Carvalho, Paulo M. Nascimento, Claudio Riccomini, Peter Larson, Rubén Juarez-Valieri, Ricardo Pires-Domingues, Nelson Jorge da Silva Jr., Diógenes de Almeida Campos (2011). Sereno, Paul (ed.). "A Complete Skull of an Early Cretaceous Sauropod and the Evolution of Advanced Titanosaurians". PLoS ONE. 6 (2): e16663. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016663. PMC 3034730. PMID 21326881.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  25. ↑ Worth, G. (Ed.). N.d. Tenchisaurus. In: The Dinosaur Encyclopedia. Retrieved December 7, 2012. Attributes misspelling to a Japanese guide to a Chinese dinosaur exhibit, 1981. And also to Glut, 1982.
  26. ↑ "Japanese theropod nomen nudum extravaganza" Dinosaur Mailing List.
  27. ↑ Rubén D. Juárez Valieri, José A. Haro, Lucas E. Fiorelli and Jorge O. Calvo (2010). "A new hadrosauroid (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous) of Patagonia, Argentina" (PDF). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales n.s. 11 (2): 217–231.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  28. ↑ You Hailu, Li Daqing and Liu Weichang (2011). "A New Hadrosauriform Dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Gansu Province, China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 85 (1): 51–57. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2011.00377.x.
  29. ↑ Sankar Chatterjee, Wang, T., Pan, S.G., Dong, Z., Wu, X.C., and Paul Upchurch (2010). "A complete skeleton of a basal Sauropod Dinosaur from the early Jurassic of China and the origin of Sauropoda". Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. 42 (5): 26.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

References ସମ୍ପାଦନା

  • Lambert, D. (1993). "A to Z of Dinosaurs" In: The Ultimate Dinosaur Book. Dorling Kindersley, 192 pp. ISBN 0-7513-0047-0
  • Olshevsky, G. (1995 onwards). Dinosaur Genera List. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
  • Tweet, J. (N.d.). Thescelosaurus!. Retrieved April 16, 2009.
  • Walters, M. & J. Paker (1995). Dictionary of Prehistoric Life. Claremont Books. ISBN 1-85471-648-4.
  • Weishampel, D.B., P. Dodson & H. Osmólska (eds.) (2004). The Dinosauria, Second Edition. University of California Press, 861 pp. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.


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