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ବ୍ୟବହାରକାରୀ:Snip1/List of countries by Nobel laureates per capita

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(ବ୍ୟବହାରକାରୀ:ଶିତିକଣ୍ଠ ଦାଶ/List of countries by Nobel laureates per capitaରୁ ଲେଉଟି ଆସିଛି)

This article includes a list of countries by Nobel laureates per capita. That is, a list of countries ranked by their Nobel Prize winners in relation to their population. Because the population of a country is significantly higher than its Nobel laureates, the figures have been multiplied by 10 million. Thus, the number on the rightmost column can be read as the number of Nobel laureates a country possesses for every 10 million people.

The figures include all Nobel Prizes awarded up to and including 14 October 2013. By total number of awards, the United States has the most.

Note: Non-sovereign entities are marked in italics.

All prizes

ସମ୍ପାଦନା

All five prizes (Chemistry, Literature, Peace, Physics, and Physiology or Medicine) and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences are considered.

Rank Country Nobel
laureates[୧] 		Population
(2013)[୨] 		Laureates/
10 million
—   Faroe Islands 1 49,469 202.147
1   Saint Lucia 2 182,273 109.726
2   Luxembourg 2 530,380 37.709
3    Switzerland 25 8,077,833 30.949
4   Iceland 1 329,535 30.346
5   Sweden 29 9,571,105 30.300
6   Denmark 14 5,619,096 24.915
7   Austria 21 8,495,145 24.720
8   Norway 11 5,042,671 21.814
9   United Kingdom 121 63,136,265 19.165
10 ଛାଞ୍ଚ:Country data East Timor 2 1,132,879 17.654
11   Israel 12 7,733,144 15.518
12   Ireland 6 4,627,173 12.967
13   Germany 104 82,726,626 12.572
14   Netherlands 19 16,759,229 11.337
15   United States 347 320,050,716 10.842
16   France 59 64,291,280 9.177
17   Hungary 9 9,954,941 9.041
18   Belgium 10 11,104,476 9.005
—   European Union[୩] 456 509,472,390 8.950
19   Cyprus 1 1,141,166 8.763
20   Trinidad and Tobago 1 1,341,151 7.456
21   Finland 4 5,426,323 7.371
22   New Zealand 3 4,505,761 6.658
23   Canada 22 35,181,704 6.253
24   Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 3,829,307 5.223
25   Australia 12 23,342,553 5.141
26   Latvia 1 2,050,317 4.877
27   Slovenia 1 2,071,997 4.826
28   Macedonia 1 2,107,158 4.746
29   Czech Republic 5 10,702,197 4.672
30   Liberia 2 4,294,077 4.658
31   Lithuania 1 3,016,933 3.315
32   Italy 20 60,990,277 3.279
— ଛାଞ୍ଚ:Country data Tibet[୪] 1 3,117,917 3.207
33   Poland 12 38,216,635 3.140
34   Croatia 1 4,289,714 2.331
35   Palestine 1 4,326,295 2.311
36   Costa Rica 1 4,872,166 2.052
37   South Africa 10 52,776,130 1.895
38   Portugal 2 10,608,156 1.885
39   Greece 2 11,127,990 1.797
40   Spain 8 46,926,963 1.705
41   Russia 23 142,833,689 1.610
42   Japan 19 127,143,577 1.494
—   Serbia 1 7,186,862 1.391
—   Hong Kong 1 7,203,836 1.388
43   Bulgaria 1 7,222,943 1.384
44   Romania 3 21,698,585 1.383
45   Guatemala 2 15,468,203 1.293
46   Argentina 5 41,446,246 1.206
—  World[୫] 851 7,162,119,434 1.188
47   Chile 2 17,619,708 1.135
48   Belarus 1 9,356,678 1.069
49   Azerbaijan 1 9,413,420 1.062
50   Algeria 2 39,208,194 0.510
51   Egypt 4 82,056,378 0.487
52   Taiwan 1 23,329,772 0.429
53   Yemen 1 24,407,381 0.410
54   Ghana 1 25,904,598 0.386
55   Peru 1 30,375,603 0.329
56   Venezuela 1 30,405,207 0.329
57   Morocco 1 33,008,150 0.303
58   Iran 2 77,447,168 0.258
59   Mexico 3 122,332,399 0.245
60   Kenya 1 44,353,691 0.225
61   Ukraine 1 45,238,805 0.221
62   Colombia 1 48,321,405 0.207
63 ଛାଞ୍ଚ:Country data Korea, South 1 49,262,698 0.203
64   Myanmar 1 53,259,018 0.188
65   Turkey 1 74,932,641 0.133
66   Vietnam 1 91,679,733 0.109
67   India 9 1,252,139,596 0.072
68   Bangladesh 1 156,594,962 0.064
69   China 8 1,385,566,537 0.058
70   Nigeria 1 173,615,345 0.058
71   Pakistan 1 182,142,594 0.055

Scientific prizes

ସମ୍ପାଦନା

Only the awards for Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences are considered.

Rank Country Nobel
laureates[୧] 		Population
(2013)[୨] 		Laureates/
10 million
—   Faroe Islands 1 49,469 202.147
1   Saint Lucia 1 182,273 54.863
2   Luxembourg 2 530,380 37.709
3    Switzerland 20 8,077,833 24.759
4   Austria 18 8,495,145 21.189
5   Denmark 10 5,619,096 17.796
6   Sweden 16 9,571,105 16.717
7   United Kingdom 96 63,136,265 15.205
8   Norway 6 5,042,671 11.898
9   Netherlands 18 16,759,229 10.740
10   Germany 88 82,726,626 10.637
11   Israel 8 7,733,144 10.345
12   United States 314 320,050,716 9.811
13   Cyprus 1 1,141,166 8.763
14   Hungary 8 9,954,941 8.036
15   New Zealand 3 4,505,761 6.658
—   European Union[୩] 330 509,472,390 6.477
16   France 35 64,291,280 5.444
17   Belgium 6 11,104,476 5.403
18   Canada 19 35,181,704 5.401
19   Latvia 1 2,050,317 4.877
20   Slovenia 1 2,071,997 4.826
21   Australia 11 23,342,553 4.712
22   Finland 2 5,426,323 3.686
23   Lithuania 1 3,016,933 3.315
24   Czech Republic 3 10,702,197 2.803
25   Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 3,829,307 2.611
26   Croatia 1 4,289,714 2.331
27   Ireland 1 4,627,173 2.161
28   Italy 13 60,990,277 2.131
—   Hong Kong 1 7,203,836 1.388
29   Poland 5 38,216,635 1.308
30   Japan 16 127,143,577 1.258
31   Russia 16 142,833,689 1.120
32   Belarus 1 9,356,678 1.069
33   Azerbaijan 1 9,413,420 1.062
34   Portugal 1 10,608,156 0.943
—  World[୫] 640 7,162,119,434 0.894
35   South Africa 4 52,776,130 0.758
36   Argentina 3 41,446,246 0.724
37   Romania 1 21,698,585 0.461
38   Taiwan 1 23,329,772 0.429
39   Spain 2 46,926,963 0.426
40   Venezuela 1 30,405,207 0.329
41   Morocco 1 33,008,150 0.303
42   Algeria 1 39,208,194 0.255
43   Ukraine 1 45,238,805 0.221
44   Egypt 1 82,056,378 0.122
45   Mexico 1 122,332,399 0.082
46   Pakistan 1 182,142,594 0.055
48   India 6 1,252,139,596 0.048
49   China 4 1,385,566,537 0.029

Inclusion criteria

ସମ୍ପାଦନା

The list of Nobel laureates by country was compiled by BBC News using the following criteria:[୧]

  • Prizes are allocated to the country/countries stated on the winner's biography on the website of the Nobel Prize committee (www.nobelprize.org).
  • Where the website mentions multiple countries in relation to a prize winner (country of birth; country of citizenship; country of residence at time of award) each of those countries is credited as having won the prize.
  • Where a prize has multiple winners, the country (or countries) of each winner are credited.
  • Prizes which were declined by the winner are included.
  • Prizes won by organisations are not allocated to countries.
  • Winners from Belarus and Ukraine are not credited to Russia. Winners born in what was then Poland but is now Ukraine are credited to Poland.

Note: The BBC News figures included all Nobel Prizes awarded up to and including 8 October 2010. Nobel prizes announced after that date were added generally following the same criteria outlined above (see Updates section below for details).

Corrections

ସମ୍ପାଦନା

This is a list of corrections made to the original figures provided by BBC News:

  • No award was attributed to Luxembourg, but, according to the Nobel Prize website, Gabriel Lippmann (Physics, 1908) was born in that country.[୬]
  • No award was attributed to Azerbaijan, but, according to the Nobel Prize website, Lev Landau (Physics, 1962) was born in that country (then part of the Russian Empire).[୭] The justification for this correction is that BBC News did credit Latvia for Wilhelm Ostwald's 1909 Chemistry Prize, even though his birthplace, Latvia's capital Riga, was by the time he was born (1853) also part of the Russian Empire.
  • Australia was credited with only one Nobel laureate in Physics, but up to and including 8 October 2010 there were two Physics laureates associated with that country: William Lawrence Bragg (1915) and Aleksandr Prokhorov (1964), both of whom were born there according to the Nobel Prize website.[୮][୯]

Updates

ସମ୍ପାଦନା

This section details how Nobel Prizes announced after 8 October 2010 were added.

  • 2010 update:
    • Economic Sciences: 2 to the United States and 1 each to Cyprus, Denmark and the United Kingdom.
  • 2011 update:
    • Chemistry: 1 to Israel.
    • Literature: 1 to Sweden.
    • Peace: 2 to Liberia and 1 to Yemen.
    • Physics: 3 to the United States and 1 to Australia.
    • Physiology or Medicine: 2 to the United States and 1 each to Canada, France and Luxembourg.
    • Economic Sciences: 2 to the United States.
  • 2012 update:
    • Physiology or Medicine: 1 each to the United Kingdom, Japan and the United States.
    • Physics: 1 each to Morocco, France and the United States.
    • Chemistry: 2 to the United States.
    • Literature: 1 to China.
    • Peace: Not applicable.
    • Economic Sciences: 2 to the United States.
  • 2013 update:
    • Physiology or Medicine: 3 to the United States and 1 to Germany.
    • Physics: 1 each to Belgium and the United Kingdom.
    • Chemistry: 3 to the United States, 2 to Israel, and 1 each to Austria, South Africa and the United Kingdom.
    • Literature: 1 to Canada.
    • Peace: Not applicable.
    • Economic Sciences: 3 to the United States.

See also

ସମ୍ପାଦନା

References

ସମ୍ପାଦନା
  1. ↑ ୧.୦ ୧.୧ ୧.୨ "Which country has the best brains?". BBC News. 2010-10-10. Retrieved 2010-10-10.
  2. ↑ ୨.୦ ୨.୧ "Total Population - Both Sexes". World Population Prospects, the 2012 Revision. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, Population Estimates and Projections Section. 13 June 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
  3. ↑ ୩.୦ ୩.୧ Includes every credit given separately to each of the 28 EU member states.
  4. ↑ A population estimate for 2013 was calculated using the average annual population growth in the Tibet Autonomous Region between the 2000 and 2010 censuses. 2000 census population: 2,616,329 (Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China). 2010 census population: 3,002,166 (Source: Xinhua News Agency). Formula used: 3002166+3*(3002166-2616329)/10=3117917.1.
  5. ↑ ୫.୦ ୫.୧ In this case each Nobel laureate was only counted once, Source: "Nobel Prize Facts". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2013-10-07.
  6. ↑ "Gabriel Lippmann – Biography". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  7. ↑ "Lev Landau – Biography". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2012-06-19.
  8. ↑ "Lawrence Bragg – Biography". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
  9. ↑ "Aleksandr M. Prokhorov – Biography". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2012-08-16.

Further reading

ସମ୍ପାଦନା
  • Emeka Nwabunnia, Bishop Emeka Ebisi (2007), The Nobel prize (1901-2000): handbook of landmark records, University Press of America, ISBN 978-0-7618-3573-8
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