ବ୍ୟବହାରକାରୀ:Snip1/ଓସେନିଆ

Snip1/ଓସେନିଆ
	; Geopolitical Oceania
କ୍ଷେତ୍ରଫଳ	8,525,989 km2 (3,291,903 sq mi)
ଲୋକସଁଖ୍ୟା	36,659,000 (2010, 6th)
ଲୋକସଁଖ୍ୟାର ଘନତା	4.19/km2 (10.9/sq mi)
ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରିଅତା	Oceanian; Oceanic
ଦେଶ	14 (list of countries) Australia ; Fiji ; Kiribati ; Marshall Islands ; Federated States of Micronesia ; Nauru ; New Zealand ; Palau ; Papua New Guinea ; Samoa ; Solomon Islands ; Tonga ; Tuvalu ; Vanuatu; Associated (2) (list) Cook Islands ; Niue;
ଅଧିନରେ ଥିବା ଜାଗା	External (21) (list) American Samoa ; Ashmore and Cartier Islands ; Baker Island ; Clipperton Island ; Christmas Island ; Cocos (Keeling) Islands ; Coral Sea Islands ; French Polynesia ; Guam ; Howland Island ; Jarvis Island ; Johnston Atoll ; Kingman Reef ; Midway Atoll ; New Caledonia ; Norfolk Island ; Northern Mariana Islands ; Pitcairn Islands ; Tokelau ; Wake Island ; Wallis and Futuna; Internal (4) (list) Easter Island ; Hawaii; Juan Fernández Islands ; Palmyra Atoll;
ଭାଷା	28 (official and unofficial) ; Bislama ; Carolinian ; Chamorro ; Cook Islands Maori ; English ; Fijian ; French ; Futunan (unofficial) ; Gilbertese ; Hawaiian ; Hindi ; Hiri Motu ; Māori ; Marshallese ; Nauruan ; Niuean ; Palauan ; Pitkern (unofficial) ; Rotuman (unofficial) ; Samoan ; Spanish ; Tahitian (unofficial) ; Tokelauan ; Tongan ; Tok Pisin ; Tuvaluan ; Wallisian (unofficial);
ସମୟ ଜୋନ	UTC+8 (Australian Western Standard Time) to UTC-6 (Easter Island) (West to East)
ନଗର	List of cities in Oceania; Sydney; Melbourne; Brisbane; Perth; Auckland; Adelaide; Wellington; Honolulu; Canberra; Christchurch; Port Moresby

Oceania (UK: /ˌoʊʃɪˈɑːniə, ˌoʊsɪ-/Pronunciation: The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) ISBN 0-19-861263-X p.1282 "Oceania /ˌəʊsɪˈɑːnɪə, -ʃɪ-/".</ref> or US: /ˌoʊʃiːˈæniə/),^[୧] also known as Oceanica,^[୨] is a region centred on the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean.^[୩] Opinions of what constitutes Oceania range from its three subregions of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia^[୪] to, more broadly, the entire insular region between Asia and the Americas, including Australasia and the Malay Archipelago.

The term is often used more specifically to denote a continent comprising Australia and proximate islands^[୫]^[୬]^[୭]^[୮] or biogeographically as a synonym for either the Australasian ecozone (Wallacea and Australasia) or the Pacific ecozone (Melanesia, Polynesia, and Micronesia apart either from New Zealand^[୯] or from mainland New Guinea).^[୧୦]

ନାମକରଣ

ସଂଜ୍ଞା

ଇତିହାସ

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Oceania

Wider Geographic Oceania.
Little of the South Pacific is apparent at this scale, though Hawaii is just visible near the eastern horizon.

Area	10,975,600 km² (4,237,700 sq mi)
Population	37.8 million (2010)
Time Zones	UTC+7 (Western Indonesian Time) to UTC-6 (Easter Island)
Largest Cities	Jakarta Manila Sydney Bandung Melbourne Surabaya Medan

Narrower Geographic Oceania.
Island Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia (apart from New Zealand)

Area	183,000 km² (71,000 sq mi)
Population	5.2 million (2008)
Time Zones	UTC+9 (Palau) to UTC-6 (Easter Island)
Largest Cities	Honolulu Nouméa Suva Papeete Honiara

The demographic table below shows the subregions and countries of geopolitical Oceania.The countries and territories in this table are categorized according to the scheme for geographic subregions used by the United Nations. The information shown follows sources in cross-referenced articles; where sources differ, provisos have been clearly indicated. These territories and regions are subject to various additional categorisations, of course, depending on the source and purpose of each description.

Name of region, followed by countries and their flags^[୧୧]	Area (km²)	Population	Population density (per km²)	Capital	ISO 3166-1
Australasia^[୧୨]
Ashmore and Cartier Islands (Australia)	199
Australia	7,686,850	23,034,879	2.7	Canberra	AU
Christmas Island^[୧୩] (Australia)	135	1,493	3.5	Flying Fish Cove	CX
Cocos (Keeling) Islands^[୧୩] (Australia)	14	628	45.1	West Island	CC
Coral Sea Islands (Australia)	10	4
New Zealand^[୧୪]	268,680	4,465,900	16.5	Wellington	NZ
Norfolk Island (Australia)	35	2,302	61.9	Kingston	NF
Melanesia^[୧୫]
Fiji	18,270	856,346	46.9	Suva	FJ
New Caledonia (France)	19,060	240,390	12.6	Nouméa	NC
Papua (Indonesia)	319,036	3,486,432	11	Jayapura	PA
West Papua (Indonesia)	140,375	760,855	5.4	Manokwari	PB
Papua New Guinea^[୧୬]	462,840	5,172,033	11.2	Port Moresby	PG
Solomon Islands	28,450	494,786	17.4	Honiara	SB
Vanuatu	12,200	240,000	19.7	Port Vila	VU
Micronesia
Federated States of Micronesia	702	135,869	193.5	Palikir	FM
Guam (United States)	549	160,796	292.9	Hagåtña	GU
Kiribati	811	96,335	118.8	South Tarawa	KI
Marshall Islands	181	73,630	406.8	Majuro	MH
Nauru	21	12,329	587.1	Yaren (de facto)	NR
Northern Mariana Islands (United States)	477	77,311	162.1	Saipan	MP
Palau	458	19,409	42.4	Melekeok^[୧୭]	PW
Wake Island (United States)	2	12		Wake Island	UM
Polynesia
American Samoa (United States)	199	68,688	345.2	Pago Pago, Fagatogo^[୧୮]	AS
Cook Islands (New Zealand)	240	20,811	86.7	Avarua	CK
Easter Island (Chile)	164	5,761	31	Hanga Roa	CL
French Polynesia (France)	4,167	257,847	61.9	Papeete	PF
Hawaii (United States)	16,636	1,360,301	81.8	Honolulu	US
Niue (New Zealand)	260	2,134	8.2	Alofi	NU
Pitcairn Islands (United Kingdom)	5	47	10	Adamstown	PN
Samoa	2,944	179,000	63.2	Apia	WS
Tokelau (New Zealand)	10	1,431	143.1	Nukunonu	TK
Tonga	748	106,137	141.9	Nukuʻalofa	TO
Tuvalu	26	11,146	428.7	Funafuti	TV
Wallis and Futuna (France)	274	15,585	56.9	Mata-Utu	WF
Total	8,845,025	39,155,699	4.4
Total minus mainland Australia	1,158,175	17,127,699	14.8

North Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Equator Tropic of Capricorn Australia New Zealand NZ Hawaii WK Micronesia Palau Papua New Guinea Indonesia Easter Island French Polynesia Cook Islands New Caledonia Fiji Tuvalu Kiribati Solomon Islands Tokelau Marshall Islands Nauru Philippines Vanuatu Timor Leste Tonga PN Guam NF Northern Mariana WS AS WF Niue CC CX This template: view talk edit
Map of Nations and territories of Oceania including Australia and New Zealand

Geographic map of islands of Oceania

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↑ "Oceania". Dictionary.com. Random House, Inc. 2012. Retrieved 2014-03-08.
↑ ""Oceanica" definition". The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
↑ For a history of the term, see Douglas & Ballard (2008) Foreign bodies: Oceania and the science of race 1750–1940
↑ "Oceania". 2005. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Columbia University Press.
↑ Son, George Philip (2003). Philip's E.A.E.P Atlas. p. 79. ISBN 9789966251251. Retrieved 2014-03-08.
↑ Scholastic Atlas of the World. 2003. "Oceania is the smallest of all the continents"
↑ Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings, United Nations Statistics Division. Revised August 28, 2007. Accessed on line October 11, 2007.
↑ Lewis, Martin W.; Kären E. Wigen (1997). The Myth of Continents: a Critique of Metageography. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 32. ISBN 0-520-20742-4. ISBN 0-520-20743-2. Interestingly enough, the answer [from a scholar who sought to calculate the number of continents] conformed almost precisely to the conventional list: North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Oceania (Australia plus New Zealand), Africa, and Antarctica.
↑ Udvardy. 1975. A classification of the biogeographical provinces of the world
↑ Steadman. 2006. Extinction & biogeography of tropical Pacific birds
↑ Regions and constituents as per UN categorisations/map except notes 2–3, 6. Depending on definitions, various territories cited below (notes 3, 5–7, 9) may be in one or both of Oceania and Asia or North America.
↑ The use and scope of this term varies. The UN designation for this subregion is "Australia and New Zealand."
↑ ^୧୩.୦ ^୧୩.୧ Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands are Australian external territories in the Indian Ocean southwest of Indonesia.
↑ New Zealand is often considered part of Polynesia rather than Australasia.
↑ Excludes parts of Indonesia, island territories in Southeast Asia (UN region) frequently reckoned in this region.
↑ Papua New Guinea is often considered part of Australasia and Melanesia. It is sometimes included in the Malay Archipelago of Southeast Asia.
↑ On 7 October 2006, government officials moved their offices in the former capital of Koror to Melekeok, located 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Koror on Babelthuap Island.
↑ Fagatogo is the seat of government of American Samoa.

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ

Snip1/ଓସେନିଆ ବାବଦରେ ଉଇକିମିଡ଼ିଆର ସହଯୋଗୀ ପ୍ରକଳ୍ପଗୁଡ଼ିକରୁ ଅଧିକ ଜାଣନ୍ତୁ:
	ଉଇକିଅଭିଧାନରେ ଶବ୍ଦାର୍ଥମାନ ଖୋଜନ୍ତୁ
	କମନ୍ସରେ ଛବି ଓ ମିଡ଼ିଆସବୁ ଖୋଜନ୍ତୁ
	ଉଇକିମହାବିହାରରେ ଶିକ୍ଷଣ ଆଧାରମାନ ଖୋଜନ୍ତୁ
	ଉଇକିସମ୍ବାଦରେ ସମ୍ବାଦ ଲେଖାମାନ ଖୋଜନ୍ତୁ
	ଉଇକିକଥାରୁ ଢଗଢମାଳି ଓ କଥାମାନ
	ଉଇକିଉତ୍ସରୁ ମୂଳାଧାର ଲେଖାମାନ
	ଉଇକିପୋଥିରେ ପଢ଼ାବହିମାନ

Oceania at Curlie
"Australia and Oceania" from National Geographic

[1] "Oceania". Dictionary.com. Random House, Inc. 2012. Retrieved 2014-03-08.

[OceanicaDef-2] ""Oceanica" definition". The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 2 April 2013.

[3] For a history of the term, see Douglas & Ballard (2008) Foreign bodies: Oceania and the science of race 1750–1940

[4] "Oceania". 2005. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Columbia University Press.

[Philip's_E.A.E.P_Atlas-5] Son, George Philip (2003). Philip's E.A.E.P Atlas. p. 79. ISBN 9789966251251. Retrieved 2014-03-08.

[Scholastic_Atlas_of_the_World-6] Scholastic Atlas of the World. 2003. "Oceania is the smallest of all the continents"

[millenniumindicators.un.org-7] Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings, United Nations Statistics Division. Revised August 28, 2007. Accessed on line October 11, 2007.

[Lewis_1997_32-8] Lewis, Martin W.; Kären E. Wigen (1997). The Myth of Continents: a Critique of Metageography. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 32. ISBN 0-520-20742-4. ISBN 0-520-20743-2. Interestingly enough, the answer [from a scholar who sought to calculate the number of continents] conformed almost precisely to the conventional list: North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Oceania (Australia plus New Zealand), Africa, and Antarctica.

[Udvardy_1975-9] Udvardy. 1975. A classification of the biogeographical provinces of the world

[Steadman_2006-10] Steadman. 2006. Extinction & biogeography of tropical Pacific birds

[region-11] Regions and constituents as per UN categorisations/map except notes 2–3, 6. Depending on definitions, various territories cited below (notes 3, 5–7, 9) may be in one or both of Oceania and Asia or North America.

[Australasia-12] The use and scope of this term varies. The UN designation for this subregion is "Australia and New Zealand."

[ccau-13] ୧୩.୦ ^୧୩.୧ Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands are Australian external territories in the Indian Ocean southwest of Indonesia.

[nzpol-14] New Zealand is often considered part of Polynesia rather than Australasia.

[Melanesia-15] Excludes parts of Indonesia, island territories in Southeast Asia (UN region) frequently reckoned in this region.

[pngaus-16] Papua New Guinea is often considered part of Australasia and Melanesia. It is sometimes included in the Malay Archipelago of Southeast Asia.

[Palau-17] On 7 October 2006, government officials moved their offices in the former capital of Koror to Melekeok, located 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Koror on Babelthuap Island.

[ASamoa-18] Fagatogo is the seat of government of American Samoa.

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[୯]

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Geopolitical Oceania
କ୍ଷେତ୍ରଫଳ	8,525,989 km² (3,291,903 sq mi)
ଲୋକସଁଖ୍ୟା	36,659,000 (2010, 6th)
ଲୋକସଁଖ୍ୟାର ଘନତା	4.19/km² (10.9/sq mi)
ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରିଅତା	Oceanian Oceanic
ଦେଶ	14 (list of countries) Australia Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Federated States of Micronesia Nauru New Zealand Palau Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Associated (2) (list) Cook Islands Niue
ଅଧିନରେ ଥିବା ଜାଗା	External (21) (list) American Samoa Ashmore and Cartier Islands Baker Island Clipperton Island Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Coral Sea Islands French Polynesia Guam Howland Island Jarvis Island Johnston Atoll Kingman Reef Midway Atoll New Caledonia Norfolk Island Northern Mariana Islands Pitcairn Islands Tokelau Wake Island Wallis and Futuna Internal (4) (list) Easter Island Hawaii Juan Fernández Islands Palmyra Atoll
ଭାଷା	28 (official and unofficial) Bislama Carolinian Chamorro Cook Islands Maori English Fijian French Futunan (unofficial) Gilbertese Hawaiian Hindi Hiri Motu Māori Marshallese Nauruan Niuean Palauan Pitkern (unofficial) Rotuman (unofficial) Samoan Spanish Tahitian (unofficial) Tokelauan Tongan Tok Pisin Tuvaluan Wallisian (unofficial)
ସମୟ ଜୋନ	UTC+8 (Australian Western Standard Time) to UTC-6 (Easter Island) (West to East)
ନଗର	List of cities in Oceania Sydney Melbourne Brisbane Perth Auckland Adelaide Wellington Honolulu Canberra Christchurch Port Moresby