ଡେକ୍ସଟ୍ରୋପ୍ରୋପୋକ୍ସିଫେନ

ଡେକ୍ସଟ୍ରୋପ୍ରୋପୋକ୍ସିଫେନ
Clinical data
Trade names	Darvon, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a682325
data	US FDA: Propoxyphene;
Pregnancy; category	AU: C ; US: C/D ; ;
Routes of; administration	By mouth
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only) ; CA: Schedule I ; DE: Anlage II (Prohibited) ; UK: Class C ; US: Schedule II and Schedule IV (when in dosage form);
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	40%
Protein binding	78%
Metabolism	Liver-mediated, CYP3A4-mediated N-demethylation (major), aromatic hydroxylation (minor) and ester hydrolysis (minor)
Onset of action	< 1 hr
Elimination half-life	6–12 hours; 30–36 hours (active metabolite, nordextropropoxyphene)
Duration of action	Up to 6 hrs
Excretion	Urine (major), breastmilk (minor)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (1S,2R)-1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propionate;
ECHA InfoCard	100.006.747
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C22H29NO2
Molar mass	୩୩୯.୪୮ g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Melting point	75 °C (167 °F)
	SMILES CCC(=O)O[C@](Cc1ccccc1)(c2ccccc2)[C@H](C)CN(C)C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C22H29NO2/c1-5-21(24)25-22(18(2)17-23(3)4,20-14-10-7-11-15-20)16-19-12-8-6-9-13-19/h6-15,18H,5,16-17H2,1-4H3/t18-,22+/m1/s1 ; Key:XLMALTXPSGQGBX-GCJKJVERSA-N ;
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ଡେକ୍ସଟ୍ରୋପ୍ରୋପୋକ୍ସିଫେନ, ଅନ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଏକ ବେପାର ନାମ ଡାରଭନ୍, ଓପିଓଏଡ଼ ଶ୍ରେଣୀର ଏକ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ନିବାରକ ଔଷଧ ।^[୧] ଏହା ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ଲାଘବ ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇଛି କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହାର ଉପକାରୀତାପାରାସେଟାମୋଲ (ଏସିଟାମିନୋଫାଇନ୍) ସହିତ ସମାନ ଏବଂ ଆଇବୁପ୍ରୋଫେନଠାରୁ କମ୍ ଅଟେ ।^[୧] ^[୪] ସମାନ ପରିମାଣର କୋଡିନର ଅଧା ଶକ୍ତି ଏହାର ଅଛି ।^[୫] ଏହା ପାଟିରେ ଦିଆଯାଏ ।^[୬] ଏହାର ପ୍ରଭାବର ଏକ ଘଣ୍ଟା ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୁଏ ଏବଂ ୬ ଘଣ୍ଟା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ରହିପାରେ ।^[୧]

ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ଅନିୟମିତ ହୃତ୍ ସ୍ପନ୍ଦନ, ଶ୍ୱାସକ୍ରିୟା ହାର ହ୍ରାସ, ଏବଂ ବାତ ଅନ୍ତର୍ଭୁକ୍ତ ହୋଇପାରେ ।^[୭] ^[୧] ଏହାର ଅପବ୍ୟବହାର ହେବାର ଆଶଙ୍କା ଅଧିକ ରହିଛି ଏବଂ ଐତିହାସିକ ଭାବରେ ଡ୍ରଗ୍ ଅପବ୍ୟବହାର ହେତୁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁର ଏହା ଏକ ସାଧାରଣ କାରଣ ଥିଲା ।^[୧]^[୮] ନାଲୋକ୍‌ସୋନ ଯୋଗୁ ଏହାର ପ୍ରଭାବ ଓଲଟା ହୋଇପାରେ ।^[୯] ଗର୍ଭାବସ୍ଥାରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କଲେ ଶିଶୁର କ୍ଷତି ହୋଇପାରେ ।^[୧]

ଆମେରିକାରେ ୧୯୫୭ ମସିହାରେ ପ୍ରଥମେ ଡେକ୍ସଟ୍ରୋପ୍ରୋପୋକ୍ସିଫେନ ଔଷଧ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ବ୍ୟବହାରରେ ଆସିଥିଲା ^[୧] ଏହା ପରେ ଆମେରିକା, କାନାଡା, ନ୍ୟୁଜିଲ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡ ଏବଂ ଭାରତର ବଜାରରୁ ଏହାକୁ ହଟାଇ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିଲା ।^[୭] ଅଷ୍ଟ୍ରେଲିଆରେ ଏପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଏହା ଉପଲବ୍ଧ ଥିବାବେଳେ ୨୦୧୪ ସୁଦ୍ଧା ପ୍ରତିବନ୍ଧକ ରହିଛି ।^[୭] ଯୁକ୍ତରାଜ୍ୟରେ ଏହା ନୂତନ ରୋଗୀଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଉପଲବ୍ଧ ନୁହେଁ ।^[୯] ଏହା ସାଧାରଣତଃ ପାରାସିଟାମଲ୍ କିମ୍ବା ଆସ୍ପିରିନ୍ ସହିତ ଏକ ମିଶ୍ରଣ ଔଷଧ ଭାବରେ ବିକ୍ରି ହେଉଥିଲା ।^[୧]

ଆଧାର

↑ ^୧.୦୦ ^୧.୦୧ ^୧.୦୨ ^୧.୦୩ ^୧.୦୪ ^୧.୦୫ ^୧.୦୬ ^୧.୦୭ ^୧.୦୮ ^୧.୦୯ ^୧.୧୦ Barkin, RL; Barkin, SJ; Barkin, DS (November 2006). "Propoxyphene (dextropropoxyphene): a critical review of a weak opioid analgesic that should remain in antiquity". American journal of therapeutics. 13 (6): 534–42. doi:10.1097/01.mjt.0000253850.86480.fb. PMID 17122535.
↑ ^୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ ^୨.୩ Davis, MP; Glare, PA; Hardy, J (2009) [2005]. Opioids in Cancer Pain (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-157532-7.
↑ "PRODUCT INFORMATION PARADEX" (PDF). TGA eBusiness Services. Aspen Pharmacare Australia Pty Ltd. 2 March 2010. Archived from the original on 9 January 2016. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
↑ Collins, SL; Edwards, JE; Moore, RA; McQuay, HJ (2000). "Single dose dextropropoxyphene, alone and with paracetamol (acetaminophen), for postoperative pain". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2): CD001440. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001440. PMID 10796793.
↑ Sneader, Walter (2005). Drug Discovery: A History (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). John Wiley & Sons. p. 123. ISBN 978-0-470-01552-0. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
↑ Stannard, Cathy; Coupe, Michael; Pickering, Tony (2013). Opioids in Non-Cancer Pain (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). OUP Oxford. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-19-967807-5. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
↑ ^୭.୦ ^୭.୧ ^୭.୨ Administration, Australian Government Department of Health Therapeutic Goods (7 January 2014). "Dextropropoxyphene: questions and answers". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 13 October 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
↑ Drugs of Abuse, 2005 Edition, * (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). United States. Drug Enforcement Administration. p. 24. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
↑ ^୯.୦ ^୯.୧ BNF 79. London: Pharmaceutical Press. March 2020. p. 455, 1401. ISBN 978-0857113658.

[Rob2006-1] ୧.୦୦ ^୧.୦୧ ^୧.୦୨ ^୧.୦୩ ^୧.୦୪ ^୧.୦୫ ^୧.୦୬ ^୧.୦୭ ^୧.୦୮ ^୧.୦୯ ^୧.୧୦ Barkin, RL; Barkin, SJ; Barkin, DS (November 2006). "Propoxyphene (dextropropoxyphene): a critical review of a weak opioid analgesic that should remain in antiquity". American journal of therapeutics. 13 (6): 534–42. doi:10.1097/01.mjt.0000253850.86480.fb. PMID 17122535.

[cancer-2] ୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ ^୨.୩ Davis, MP; Glare, PA; Hardy, J (2009) [2005]. Opioids in Cancer Pain (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-157532-7.

[TGA-3] "PRODUCT INFORMATION PARADEX" (PDF). TGA eBusiness Services. Aspen Pharmacare Australia Pty Ltd. 2 March 2010. Archived from the original on 9 January 2016. Retrieved 9 April 2014.

[Col2000-4] Collins, SL; Edwards, JE; Moore, RA; McQuay, HJ (2000). "Single dose dextropropoxyphene, alone and with paracetamol (acetaminophen), for postoperative pain". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2): CD001440. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001440. PMID 10796793.

[5] Sneader, Walter (2005). Drug Discovery: A History (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). John Wiley & Sons. p. 123. ISBN 978-0-470-01552-0. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2020-11-10.

[6] Stannard, Cathy; Coupe, Michael; Pickering, Tony (2013). Opioids in Non-Cancer Pain (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). OUP Oxford. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-19-967807-5. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2020-11-10.

[TGA2014-7] ୭.୦ ^୭.୧ ^୭.୨ Administration, Australian Government Department of Health Therapeutic Goods (7 January 2014). "Dextropropoxyphene: questions and answers". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 13 October 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.

[DEA2005-8] Drugs of Abuse, 2005 Edition, * (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). United States. Drug Enforcement Administration. p. 24. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2020-11-10.

[BNF79-9] ୯.୦ ^୯.୧ BNF 79. London: Pharmaceutical Press. March 2020. p. 455, 1401. ISBN 978-0857113658.

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