ଟେଷ୍ଟୋଷ୍ଟେରନ(ଔଷଧ)

Testosterone
Clinical data
Pronunciation	/tɛˈstɒstəroʊn/ TEH-STOS-TƏ-rohn
Trade names	AndroGel, Testim, TestoGel, others
Synonyms	Androst-4-en-17β-ol-3-one
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a619028
data	EU EMA: yes; US DailyMed: Testosterone;
Pregnancy; category	AU: D ; US: X (Contraindicated) ; Contraindicated due to teratogenic effects;
Routes of; administration	Oral, buccal, sublingual, intranasal, transdermal (gel, cream, patch, solution), vaginal (cream, gel, suppository), rectal (suppository), intramuscular or subcutaneous injection (oil solution, aqueous suspension), subcutaneous implant (pellet)
Legal status
Legal status	CA: Schedule IV ; UK: Class C ; US: Schedule III ; ℞ (Prescription only);
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Oral: very low (due to extensive first pass metabolism)
Protein binding	97.0–99.5% (to SHBG and albumin)
Metabolism	Liver (mainly reduction and conjugation)
Elimination half-life	2–4 hours[ଆଧାର ଲୋଡ଼ା]
Excretion	Urine (90%), feces (6%)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-17-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C19H28O2
Molar mass	288.431
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Specific rotation	+110.2°
Melting point	155 °C (311 °F)
	SMILES O=C4\C=C2/[C@]([C@H]1CC[C@@]3([C@@H](O)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC2)C)(C)CC4;
	InChI InChI=1S/C19H28O2/c1-18-9-7-13(20)11-12(18)3-4-14-15-5-6-17(21)19(15,2)10-8-16(14)18/h11,14-17,21H,3-10H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,19-/m0/s1 ; Key:MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N ;
(verify)

ଟେଷ୍ଟୋଷ୍ଟେରନ (ଟି) ହେଉଛି ଏକ ଔଷଧ ଯାହା ପ୍ରାକୃତିକ ଭାବରେ ଷ୍ଟେରଏଡ୍ ହରମୋନ୍ ଭାବରେ ଥାଏ | ପୁରୁଷ ହାଇପୋଗୋନାଡିଜ୍ମ, ଲିଙ୍ଗ ଡିସଫୋରିଆ ଓ କେତେକ ପ୍ରକାରର ସ୍ତନ କର୍କଟ ରୋଗର ଚିକିତ୍ସା ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ | ^[୪] ଏହା ଡୋପିଂ (doping) ଆକାରରେ ଆଥଲେଟିକ ଦକ୍ଷତା ବୃଦ୍ଧି ପାଇଁ ମଧ୍ୟ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇପାରେ | ^[୪] ବାର୍ଦ୍ଧକ୍ୟରେ ଏହି ସ୍ତର କମ ହେଉଥିବାରୁ ଟେଷ୍ଟୋଷ୍ଟେରନର ବ୍ୟବହାର ଲାଭଦାୟକ କି କ୍ଷତିକାରକ ତାହା ଅସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ। ଟେଷ୍ଟୋସ୍ଟେରନ ବ୍ୟବହାର ଜେଲ ବା ପ୍ୟାଚ ଆକାରରେ ଚର୍ମରେ ଲଗାଯାଏ, ମାଂସପେଶୀରେ ଇଞ୍ଜେକସନ ଆକାରରେ ଓ ପାଟିରେ ବଟିକା ଆକାରରେ ଦିଆଯାଏ । ^[୪]

ଟେଷ୍ଟୋଷ୍ଟେରନର ସାଧାରଣ ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ବ୍ରଣ, ଫୁଲା, ଏବଂ ସ୍ତନ ବୃଦ୍ଧି ହୋଇପାରେ | ^[୪] ଗୁରୁତର ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ଯକୃତ ବିଷାକ୍ତ, ହୃଦ ରୋଗ ଏବଂ ଆଚରଣଗତ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ହୋଇପାରେ। ^[୪] ଯେଉଁ ମହିଳା ଏବଂ ଶିଶୁମାନେ ଏହି ଔଷଧ ସଂସ୍ପର୍ଶରେ ଆସନ୍ତି, ସେମାନଙ୍କର ପୁରୁଷତ୍ୱ ବିକାଶ ହୋଇପାରେ । ^[୪] ପ୍ରୋଷ୍ଟେଟ କର୍କଟ ରୋଗୀମାନେ ଔଷଧ ବ୍ୟବହାର ନକରିବାକୁ ପରାମର୍ଶ ଦିଆଯାଇଛି। ^[୪] ଗର୍ଭଧାରଣ ସମୟରେ କିମ୍ବା ସ୍ତନ୍ୟପାନ କରାଇବା ସମୟରେ ଏହା ଶିଶୁର କ୍ଷତି କରିପାରେ | ^[୪] ଆଣ୍ଡ୍ରୋଜେନ ପରିବାରର ଟେଷ୍ଟୋଷ୍ଟେରନ ଏକ ଔଷଧ । ^[୪]

ଟେଷ୍ଟୋଷ୍ଟେରନ ୧୯୩୫ ମସିହାରେ ବିକଶିତ ହୋଇ ୧୯୩୯ ମସିହାରେ ମେଡିକାଲ ବ୍ୟବହାର ପାଇଁ ଅନୁମୋଦିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା । ^[୫] ^[୬] ଆମେରିକାରେ ୨୦୦୧ରୁ ୨୦୧୧ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଏହାର ବ୍ୟବ‌ହାର ତିନି ଗୁଣ ବୃଦ୍ଧି ପାଇଛି । ^[୭] ବିଶ୍ୱ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସଙ୍ଗଠନର ଜରୁରୀ ଔଷଧ ତାଲିକାରେ ଏହାର ନାମ ଅଛି । ^[୮] ଏହା ଏକ ଜେନେରିକ ଔଷଧ ଭାବରେ ଉପଲବ୍ଧ | ^[୪] ଉତ୍ପାଦର ମାତ୍ରା ଏବଂ ରୂପ ଉପରେ ଏହାର ମୂଲ୍ୟ ନିର୍ଭର କରେ | ^[୯] ୨୯୧୭ ମସିହାରେ ଏହା ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରର ୧୩୨ ତମ ସାଧାରଣ ଔଷଧ ଥିଲା ଯାହାର ପାଞ୍ଚ ଲକ୍ଷରୁ ଅଧିକ ପ୍ରେସକ୍ରିପସନ୍ ରହିଥିଲା।

ଆଧାର

↑ ^୧.୦ ^୧.୧ "Testosterone Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 20 August 2019. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
↑ Testosterone Archived 2018-06-13 at the Wayback Machine.. Oxford Dictionaries.
↑ Melmed, Shlomo; Polonsky, Kenneth S.; Larsen, P. Reed; Kronenberg, Henry M. (11 November 2015). Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 709, 711, 765. ISBN 978-0-323-34157-8. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
↑ ^୪.୦୦ ^୪.୦୧ ^୪.୦୨ ^୪.୦୩ ^୪.୦୪ ^୪.୦୫ ^୪.୦୬ ^୪.୦୭ ^୪.୦୮ ^୪.୦୯ "Testosterone". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. ଡିସେମ୍ବର 4, 2015. Archived from the original on ଅଗଷ୍ଟ 20, 2016. Retrieved ସେପ୍ଟେମ୍ବର 3, 2016.
↑ Taylor, William N (2002). Anabolic Steroids and the Athlete (2 ed.). McFarland. p. 180. ISBN 978-0-7864-1128-3. Archived from the original on ସେପ୍ଟେମ୍ବର 14, 2016. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
↑ Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). John Wiley & Sons. p. 481. ISBN 9783527607495.
↑ Desroches B, Kohn TP, Welliver C, Pastuszak AW (April 2016). "Testosterone therapy in the new era of Food and Drug Administration oversight". Translational Andrology and Urology. 5 (2): 207–12. doi:10.21037/tau.2016.03.13. PMC 4837303. PMID 27141448.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
↑ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
↑ Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 197. ISBN 978-1-284-05756-0. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)

[Drugs.com_pregnancy-1] ୧.୦ ^୧.୧ "Testosterone Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 20 August 2019. Retrieved 8 January 2020.

[2] Testosterone Archived 2018-06-13 at the Wayback Machine.. Oxford Dictionaries.

[MelmedPolonsky2015-3] Melmed, Shlomo; Polonsky, Kenneth S.; Larsen, P. Reed; Kronenberg, Henry M. (11 November 2015). Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 709, 711, 765. ISBN 978-0-323-34157-8. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)

[AHFS2016-4] ୪.୦୦ ^୪.୦୧ ^୪.୦୨ ^୪.୦୩ ^୪.୦୪ ^୪.୦୫ ^୪.୦୬ ^୪.୦୭ ^୪.୦୮ ^୪.୦୯ "Testosterone". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. ଡିସେମ୍ବର 4, 2015. Archived from the original on ଅଗଷ୍ଟ 20, 2016. Retrieved ସେପ୍ଟେମ୍ବର 3, 2016.

[5] Taylor, William N (2002). Anabolic Steroids and the Athlete (2 ed.). McFarland. p. 180. ISBN 978-0-7864-1128-3. Archived from the original on ସେପ୍ଟେମ୍ବର 14, 2016. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)

[Fis2006-6] Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). John Wiley & Sons. p. 481. ISBN 9783527607495.

[Des2016-7] Desroches B, Kohn TP, Welliver C, Pastuszak AW (April 2016). "Testosterone therapy in the new era of Food and Drug Administration oversight". Translational Andrology and Urology. 5 (2): 207–12. doi:10.21037/tau.2016.03.13. PMC 4837303. PMID 27141448.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[WHO21st-8] World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

[Ric2015-9] Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 197. ISBN 978-1-284-05756-0. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)

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[୧]

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Clinical data


Pronunciation	/tɛˈstɒstəroʊn/ TEH-STOS-TƏ-rohn^[୨]
Trade names	AndroGel, Testim, TestoGel, others
Synonyms	Androst-4-en-17β-ol-3-one
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a619028
data	EU EMA: yes US DailyMed: Testosterone
Pregnancy category	AU: D ^[୧] US: X (Contraindicated) ^[୧] Contraindicated due to teratogenic effects
Routes of administration	Oral, buccal, sublingual, intranasal, transdermal (gel, cream, patch, solution), vaginal (cream, gel, suppository), rectal (suppository), intramuscular or subcutaneous injection (oil solution, aqueous suspension), subcutaneous implant (pellet)
Legal status
Legal status	CA: Schedule IV UK: Class C US: Schedule III ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Oral: very low (due to extensive first pass metabolism)
Protein binding	97.0–99.5% (to SHBG and albumin)^[୩]
Metabolism	Liver (mainly reduction and conjugation)
Elimination half-life	2–4 hours^{[ଆଧାର ଲୋଡ଼ା]}
Excretion	Urine (90%), feces (6%)
Identifiers
IUPAC name (8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-17-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₉H₂₈O₂
Molar mass	288.431
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Specific rotation	+110.2°
Melting point	155 °C (311 °F)
SMILES O=C4\C=C2/[C@]([C@H]1CC[C@@]3([C@@H](O)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC2)C)(C)CC4
InChI InChI=1S/C19H28O2/c1-18-9-7-13(20)11-12(18)3-4-14-15-5-6-17(21)19(15,2)10-8-16(14)18/h11,14-17,21H,3-10H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,19-/m0/s1^Y Key:MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N^Y
(verify)