ନିକୋଟିନାମାଇଡ

ନିକୋଟିନାମାଇଡ
Clinical data
Pronunciation	/ˌnɪkəˈtɪnəmaɪd/
Synonyms	3-pyridinecarboxamide; niacinamide; nicotinic acid amide; vitamin PP; nicotinic amide; vitamin B3
AHFS/Drugs.com
Pregnancy; category	US: A (No risk in human studies) and C; ;
Routes of; administration	by mouth, topical
ATC code	A11HA01 (WHO) ;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name pyridine-3-carboxamide;
CAS Number	98-92-0;
PubChem CID	936;
DrugBank	DB02701;
ChemSpider	911;
UNII	25X51I8RD4;
KEGG	D00036;
ChEBI	CHEBI:17154;
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1140;
ECHA InfoCard	100.002.467
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C6H6N2O
Molar mass	୧୨୨.୧୩ g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Density	1.40 g/cm3 g/cm3
Melting point	129.5 °C (265.1 °F)
Boiling point	334 °C (633 °F)
	SMILES c1cc(cnc1)C(=O)N;
	InChI InChI=1S/C6H6N2O/c7-6(9)5-2-1-3-8-4-5/h1-4H,(H2,7,9); ; Key:DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N;

ନିକୋଟିନାମାଇଡ (ଇଂରାଜୀରେ Nicotinamide ବା NAA, ଅନ୍ୟ ନାମ ନିଆସିନାମାଇଡ) ଏକ ପ୍ରକାର ଭିଟାମିନ ବା ଜୀବସାର ଯାହା ଖାଦ୍ୟରେ ଓ ଖାଦ୍ୟ ଅନୁପୂରକରେ ଥାଏ ଓ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ସ୍ଥଳେ ଔଷଧ ରୂପରେ ବ୍ୟବ‌ହାର କରାଯାଏ ।^[୩]^[୪]^[୫] ନିଆସିନ ଅଭାବ ଜନିତ ପେଲାଗ୍ରା (pellagra) ରୋଗର ପ୍ରତିଷେଧ ଓ ଚିକିତ୍ସାରେ ଏହା ପାଟିରେ ଦିଆଯାଏ । ଏହି ରୋଗରେ ନିକୋଟିନିକ ଏସିଡ (ନିଆସିନ) ବ୍ୟବ‌ହାର କରାଯାଇପାରେ କିନ୍ତୁ ନିକୋଟିନାମାଇଡ ଦେଲେ ଚର୍ମ ଫ୍ଲସିଙ୍ଗ/ଲାଲ (skin flushing) ହୁଏନାହିଁ ।^[୪] ବ୍ରଣ (acne) ରୋଗରେ ଏହା କ୍ରିମ ଆକାରରେ ଲଗାଯାଏ ।^[୫]

ନିକୋଟିନାମାଇଡର ଖୁବ୍ କମ୍ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ହୁଏ ।^[୬]^[୭] ମାତ୍ରାଧିକ ଡୋଜ ଦେଲେ ଯକୃତ ସମସ୍ୟା (liver problems) ହୋଇପାରେ ।^[୬] ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ମାତ୍ରା ଦେଲେ ଗର୍ଭାବସ୍ଥାରେ ଏହା ନିରାପଦ ରହେ ।^[୧] ଜୀବସାର ଖ ଶ୍ରେଣୀ ବିଶେଷତଃ ଭିଟାମିନ ବି୩ କମ୍ପ୍ଲେକ୍ସର (vitamin B3 complex) ଏହା ଏକ ଔଷଧ ।^[୮]^[୯] ନିକୋଟିନିକ ଏସିଡର ଏହା ଏକ ଆମାଇଡ (amide) ।^[୬] ଇସ୍ଟ (yeast), ମାଂସ (meat), ଦୁଧ ଓ ସବୁଜ ପରିବାରେ (green vegetables) ନିକୋଟିନାମାଇଡ ଥାଏ ।^[୧୦]

ସନ୧୯୩୫ରୁ ୧୯୩୭ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଆବିଷ୍କୃତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।^[୧୧]^[୧୨] ଏହାର ନାମ ବିଶ୍ୱ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସଂଗଠନର ଅତ୍ୟାବଶ୍ୟକୀୟ ଔଷଧ ଚିଠାରେ (World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines) ଅଛି ଯାହା ମୌଳିକ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସିସ୍ଟମ (health system) ନିମନ୍ତେ ଅତି ମହତ୍ତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ।^[୧୩] ଏହା ଜେନେରିକ ଔଷଧ ନାମରେ (generic medication) ଦୋକାନରେ ବିନା ପ୍ରେସକ୍ରିପସନରେ ବିକ୍ରୟ ହୁଏ ।^[୮] ଇଂଲଣ୍ଡରେ ଏହାର ଏକ ୬୦ଗ୍ରାମ ଟ୍ୟୁବର ଦାମ ପ୍ରାୟ ୭.୧୦ ପାଉଣ୍ଡ ।^[୫] ବ୍ୟବସାୟୀକ ଭିତ୍ତିରେ ଏହା ନିକୋଟିନିକ ଏସିଡରୁ ବା ୩-ସ୍ୟାନୋପାଇରିଡିନରୁ ତିଆରି ହୁଏ । ଅନେକ ଦେଶମାନଙ୍କରେ ଖାଦ୍ୟଶସ୍ୟରେ ଏହା ଯୋଗକରାଯାଇଥାଏ ।^[୧୨]

ଆଧାର

↑ ^୧.୦ ^୧.୧ "Niacinamide Use During Pregnancy | Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
↑ ଛାଞ୍ଚ:GESTIS
↑ Bender, David A. (2003). Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins. Cambridge University Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-1-139-43773-8. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
↑ ^୪.୦ ^୪.୧ WHO Model Formulary 2008 (PDF). World Health Organization. 2009. pp. 496, 500. ISBN 978-924-154765-9. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
↑ ^୫.୦ ^୫.୧ ^୫.୨ British National Formulary: BNF 69 (69th ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. p. 822. ISBN 978-0-85711-156-2.
↑ ^୬.୦ ^୬.୧ ^୬.୨ Knip M, Douek IF, Moore WP, Gillmor HA, McLean AE, Bingley PJ, Gale EA (November 2000). "Safety of high-dose nicotinamide: a review". Diabetologia. 43 (11): 1337–45. doi:10.1007/s001250051536. PMID 11126400.
↑ MacKay D, Hathcock J, Guarneri E (June 2012). "Niacin: chemical forms, bioavailability, and health effects". Nutrition Reviews. 70 (6): 357–66. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00479.x. PMID 22646128.
↑ ^୮.୦ ^୮.୧ "Niacinamide: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings - Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
↑ Krutmann, Jean; Humbert, Philippe (2010). Nutrition for Healthy Skin: Strategies for Clinical and Cosmetic Practice (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 153. ISBN 9783642122644.
↑ Burtis, Carl A.; Ashwood, Edward R.; Bruns, David E. (2012). Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics (5th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 934. ISBN 978-1-4557-5942-2. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
↑ Sneader, Walter (2005). Drug Discovery: A History. John Wiley & Sons. p. 231. ISBN 978-0-470-01552-0. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
↑ ^୧୨.୦ ^୧୨.୧ "Vitamins, 11. Niacin (Nicotinic Acid, Nicotinamide)". Ullmann's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry (6th ed.). Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 2015. ISBN 978-3-527-30385-4.
↑ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)" (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2016.

[Preg2016-1] ୧.୦ ^୧.୧ "Niacinamide Use During Pregnancy | Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Retrieved 29 December 2016.

[GESTIS-2] ଛାଞ୍ଚ:GESTIS

[3] Bender, David A. (2003). Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins. Cambridge University Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-1-139-43773-8. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)

[WHO2008-4] ୪.୦ ^୪.୧ WHO Model Formulary 2008 (PDF). World Health Organization. 2009. pp. 496, 500. ISBN 978-924-154765-9. Retrieved 8 December 2016.

[BNF69-5] ୫.୦ ^୫.୧ ^୫.୨ British National Formulary: BNF 69 (69th ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. p. 822. ISBN 978-0-85711-156-2.

[Kn2000-6] ୬.୦ ^୬.୧ ^୬.୨ Knip M, Douek IF, Moore WP, Gillmor HA, McLean AE, Bingley PJ, Gale EA (November 2000). "Safety of high-dose nicotinamide: a review". Diabetologia. 43 (11): 1337–45. doi:10.1007/s001250051536. PMID 11126400.

[Mac2012-7] MacKay D, Hathcock J, Guarneri E (June 2012). "Niacin: chemical forms, bioavailability, and health effects". Nutrition Reviews. 70 (6): 357–66. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00479.x. PMID 22646128.

[CDI2016-8] ୮.୦ ^୮.୧ "Niacinamide: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings - Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Retrieved 29 December 2016.

[9] Krutmann, Jean; Humbert, Philippe (2010). Nutrition for Healthy Skin: Strategies for Clinical and Cosmetic Practice (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 153. ISBN 9783642122644.

[10] Burtis, Carl A.; Ashwood, Edward R.; Bruns, David E. (2012). Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics (5th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 934. ISBN 978-1-4557-5942-2. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)

[11] Sneader, Walter (2005). Drug Discovery: A History. John Wiley & Sons. p. 231. ISBN 978-0-470-01552-0. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)

[Ullmann2015-12] ୧୨.୦ ^୧୨.୧ "Vitamins, 11. Niacin (Nicotinic Acid, Nicotinamide)". Ullmann's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry (6th ed.). Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 2015. ISBN 978-3-527-30385-4.

[WHO19th-13] "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)" (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2016.

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