ଆଣ୍ଟିଅକ୍ସିଡାଣ୍ଟ

ଆଣ୍ଟିଅକ୍ସିଡାଣ୍ଟ (ଇଂରାଜୀ ଭାଷାରେ antioxidant) ଏକ ମଲିକ୍ୟୁଲ (molecule) ଯାହା ଅନ୍ୟ ମଲିକ୍ୟୁଲମାନଙ୍କର ଅକ୍ସିଡେସନ (oxidation) ଅବରୋଧ କରେ । ଅକ୍ସିଡେସନ ଏକ ପ୍ରକାର ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା (chemical reaction) ଯାହା ଚେନ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାକାରୀ (chain reaction) ଫ୍ରିରାଡିକାଲ (free radicals)ଦ୍ୱାରା ଜୀବକୋଷ (cells) ନଷ୍ଟ କରିପାରେ । ଥାୟଲ (thiols) ବା ଆସକର୍ବିକ ଏସିଡ ଏହି ଚେନ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟକୁ ଶେଷ କରିଦିଏ । ଦୁଇ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ପଦାର୍ଥ ସ‌ହିତ ଆଣ୍ଟିଅକ୍ସିଡାଣ୍ଟ ସଂଯୁକ୍ତ କରାଯାଏ ଯଥା ଅକ୍ସିଡେସନ ପ୍ରତିରୋଧ କରିବା ନିମନ୍ତେ ଶିଳ୍ପ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ ରାସାୟନିକ ପଦାର୍ଥ ଯୋଗ କରାଯାଏ; ଓ ଖାଦ୍ୟରେ ଥିବା ପ୍ରାକୃତିକ ରାସାୟନିକ ପଦାର୍ଥ ଯାହା ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ଉପରେ ଉପକାରୀ ପ୍ରଭାବ ରଖେ ।

ଉଦ୍ଭିଦ ଓ ପ୍ରାଣୀମାନେ ଗ୍ଲୁଟାଥାୟୋନ (glutathione) ଓ ଦେହରେ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଏଞ୍ଜାଇମ ଯେପରିକି କାଟାଲେଜ (catalase), ସୁପରଅକ୍ସାଇଡ ଡିସମ୍ୟୁଟେଜ (superoxide dismutase) ଓ ଖାଦ୍ୟରେ ଥିବା ଜୀବସାର କ, ଜୀବସାର ଗ ଓ ଜୀବସାର ଇ (vitamin E) ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ଜଟିଳ ଓଭରଲାପିଙ୍ଗ ଆଣ୍ଟିଅକ୍ସିଡାଣ୍ଟ ପ୍ରଣାଳୀର ସକ୍ସିଡେଟିଭ ପଦ୍ଧତିକୁ ସନ୍ତୁଳନ କରି ରଖନ୍ତି ।

ଆଣ୍ଟିଅକ୍ସିଡାଣ୍ଟ ଖାଦ୍ୟ ପରିପୂରକ (dietary supplement) ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟରେ ଉନ୍ନତି କରେନି ବା ରୋଗ ପ୍ରତିଷଧରେ କୌଣସି ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରେନି । ବିଟା-କାରୋଟିନ (beta-carotene), ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ହାରରେ (mortality rate) ଜୀବସାର କ ଓ ଜୀବସାର ଇ କୌଣସି ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଆଣିପାରେନି,^[୧]^[୨] ବା କର୍କଟ ରୋଗ ସଙ୍କଟରେ ପରିପର୍ତ୍ତନ ଆଣିପାରେନି ।^[୩]^[୪] କାର୍ଡ଼ିଓଭାସ୍କୁଲାର ରୋଗ (cardiovascular disease) ସଙ୍କଟକୁ ସେଲେନିଅମ (selenium) ବା ଜୀବସାର ଇ କମେଇପାରେନି । ^[୫]^[୬]

ଶିଳ୍ପ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ ଆଣ୍ଟିଅକ୍ସିଡାଣ୍ଟ ଯେପରିକି ଖାଦ୍ୟ ସଂରକ୍ଷକ (preservative), କସମେଟିକ ଓ ଜାଳେଣୀର ରେଡକ୍ସ (oxidation) ଇନହିବିଟର ଆକାରରେ ବ‌ହୁଳ ଭାବରେ ବ୍ୟବ‌ହୃତ ହୁଏ ।^[୭]

ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ପ୍ରଭାବ

ଖାଦ୍ୟ ସ‌ହ ସମ୍ପର୍କ

କିଛି ପରିମାଣର ଆଣ୍ଟିଅକ୍ସିଡାଣ୍ଟ ଜୀବସାର ଭଲ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ନିମନ୍ତେ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ହେଲେ ମଧ୍ୟ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ରୋଗ ପ୍ରତିରୋଧ ଶକ୍ତି ଥିବା ବିଷୟରେ ଯଥେଷ୍ଟ ବିତର୍କ ହେଉଛି । ଅଧିକନ୍ତୁ ଯଦି ପ୍ରକୃତ ଉପକାରୀ, ତାହେଲେ କେଉଁ ଆଣ୍ଟିଅକ୍ସିଡାଣ୍ଟ ଓ କେତେ ପରିମାଣର ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ସେକଥା ଅଜ୍ଞାତ ଅଛି ।^[୮]^[୯]^[୧୦] କେତେକ ଲେଖକ ଏହାର କ୍ରନିକ ରୋଗର ପ୍ରତିରୋଧ କରିବା ଶକ୍ତି ବିଷୟକ ହାଇପୋଥେସିସକୁ ଯୁକ୍ତି କରୁଥିବା ବେଳେ,^[୮]^[୧୧] ଅନ୍ୟମାନେ ଏହା ମୂଳରୁ ଭ୍ରାନ୍ତ ଓ ଅଣପ୍ରମାଣିତ ହୋଇଥିବା କ‌ହନ୍ତି ।^[୧୨]

ପଲିଫିନଲର (Polyphenol)s, ଆଣ୍ଟିଅକ୍ସିଡାଣ୍ଟ ଗୁଣ ଭିଟ୍ରୋରେ (in vitro) ଥିଲେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଅତ୍ୟଧିକ ମେଟାବୋଲିଜ୍ମ ଯୋଗୁ ଭିଭୋରେ (in vivo) ଆଣ୍ଟିଅକ୍ସିଡାଣ୍ଟ ହୋଇପାରୁନି ।^[୧୩] କେତେକ ପଲିଫିନଲର କାଟେକଲ (catechol) ଦଳ ଇଲେକଟ୍ରନ ଆକସେପ୍ଟର ଭାବରେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରି ଆଣ୍ଟିଅକ୍ସିଡାଣ୍ଟ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ନିର୍ବାହ କରନ୍ତି । ^[୧୪] ମାନବ ଶରୀରରେ ଅତ୍ୟଧିକ ମେଟାବୋଲିଜ୍ମ ହେଉଥିବାରୁ କାଟେକଲ ଗ୍ରୁପ, ଯେପରିକି କେଟାକଲ-ଓ-ମିଥାଇଲ ଟ୍ରାନସଫରେଜ, ଇଲେକଟ୍ରନ ଆକସେପ୍ଟର ହୋଇପାରେନାହିଁ । ସ୍ୱଳ୍ପ ମାତ୍ରାରେ ଅନେକ ପଲିଫିନଲର ସେଲ ଟୁ ସେଲ ସିଗନାଲିଙ୍ଗ (cell-to-cell signaling), ରିସେପ୍ଟର (receptor) ସେନସିଟିଭିଟି, ଅଣପ୍ରଦାହକାରୀ (inflammatory) ଏଞ୍ଜାଇମ (enzyme) କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ବା ଜିନ ରେଗୁଲେସନ (gene regulation) ଭୂମିକାକୁ ଆଣ୍ଟିଅକ୍ସିଡାଣ୍ଟ ନିର୍ବାହ କରିପାରେନାହିଁ ।^[୧୫]^[୧୬]

ଯଦିଓ ନିଉରୋଜେନେରେଟିଭ ଆଲଜିମର ରୋଗ ରୋଗ, ପାର୍କିନ୍‌ସନ୍ ରୋଗ ଓ ଆମାୟୋଟ୍ରୋଫିକ ଲାଟେରାଲ ସ୍କ୍ଲେରୋସିସ ରୋଗମାନଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ଖାଦ୍ୟରେ ଥିବା ଆଣ୍ଟିଅକ୍ସିଡାଣ୍ଟର ପ୍ରଭାବ ବିଷୟର ଗବେଷଣା ଚାଲିଛି,^[୧୭]^[୧୮] ଏହାର ଫଳାଫଳ ଏପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଜଣାଯାଇନାହିଁ ।

ଆଧାର

↑ Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud C (2013). "Meta-regression analyses, meta-analyses, and trial sequential analyses of the effects of supplementation with beta-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E singly or in different combinations on all-cause mortality: do we have evidence for lack of harm?". PLoS ONE. 8 (9): e74558. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...874558B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074558. PMC 3765487. PMID 24040282.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
↑ Abner EL, Schmitt FA, Mendiondo MS, Marcum JL, Kryscio RJ (ଜୁଲାଇ 2011). "Vitamin E and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis". Current Aging Science. 4 (2): 158–70. doi:10.2174/1874609811104020158. PMC 4030744. PMID 21235492.
↑ Cortés-Jofré M, Rueda JR, Corsini-Muñoz G, Fonseca-Cortés C, Caraballoso M, Bonfill Cosp X (2012). "Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 10: CD002141. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002141.pub2. PMID 23076895.
↑ Jiang L, Yang KH, Tian JH, Guan QL, Yao N, Cao N, Mi DH, Wu J, Ma B, Yang SH (2010). "Efficacy of antioxidant vitamins and selenium supplement in prostate cancer prevention: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Nutrition and Cancer. 62 (6): 719–27. doi:10.1080/01635581.2010.494335. PMID 20661819.
↑ Rees K, Hartley L, Day C, Flowers N, Clarke A, Stranges S (2013). "Selenium supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1 (1): CD009671. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009671.pub2. PMID 23440843.
↑ Shekelle PG, Morton SC, Jungvig LK, Udani J, Spar M, Tu W, J Suttorp M, Coulter I, Newberry SJ, Hardy M (ଅପ୍ରେଲ 2004). "Effect of supplemental vitamin E for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease". Journal of General Internal Medicine. 19 (4): 380–9. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.30090.x. PMC 1492195. PMID 15061748.
↑ Dabelstein, Werner; Reglitzky, Arno; Schütze, Andrea; Reders, Klaus (2007). "Automotive Fuels". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a16_719.pub2. ISBN 3-527-30673-0. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
↑ ^୮.୦ ^୮.୧ Stanner SA, Hughes J, Kelly CN, Buttriss J (ମଇ 2004). "A review of the epidemiological evidence for the 'antioxidant hypothesis'". Public Health Nutrition. 7 (3): 407–22. doi:10.1079/PHN2003543. PMID 15153272.
↑ Shenkin A (ଫେବୃଆରୀ 2006). "The key role of micronutrients". Clinical Nutrition. 25 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2005.11.006. PMID 16376462.
↑ Woodside JV, McCall D, McGartland C, Young IS (ନଭେମ୍ବର 2005). "Micronutrients: dietary intake v. supplement use". The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 64 (4): 543–53. doi:10.1079/PNS2005464. PMID 16313697.
↑ Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective Archived 23 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine.. World Cancer Research Fund (2007). ISBN 978-0-9722522-2-5.
↑ Hail N, Cortes M, Drake EN, Spallholz JE (ଜୁଲାଇ 2008). "Cancer chemoprevention: a radical perspective". Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 45 (2): 97–110. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.04.004. PMID 18454943.
↑ "Flavonoids". Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis. 2016. Retrieved 24 ଜୁଲାଇ 2016.
↑ Csepregi, K; Neugart, S; Schreiner, M; Hideg, Éva (2016). "Comparative Evaluation of Total Antioxidant Capacities of Plant Polyphenols". Molecules. 21 (2): 208. doi:10.3390/molecules21020208. PMID 26867192.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
↑ Williams RJ, Spencer JP, Rice-Evans C (ଅପ୍ରେଲ 2004). "Flavonoids: antioxidants or signalling molecules?". Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 36 (7): 838–49. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.01.001. PMID 15019969.
↑ Virgili F, Marino M (ନଭେମ୍ବର 2008). "Regulation of cellular signals from nutritional molecules: a specific role for phytochemicals, beyond antioxidant activity". Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 45 (9): 1205–16. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.08.001. PMID 18762244.
↑ Di Matteo V, Esposito E (ଅପ୍ରେଲ 2003). "Biochemical and therapeutic effects of antioxidants in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Current Drug Targets. CNS and Neurological Disorders. 2 (2): 95–107. doi:10.2174/1568007033482959. PMID 12769802.
↑ Rao AV, Balachandran B (ଅକ୍ଟୋବର 2002). "Role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in neurodegenerative diseases". Nutritional Neuroscience. 5 (5): 291–309. doi:10.1080/1028415021000033767. PMID 12385592.

[1] Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud C (2013). "Meta-regression analyses, meta-analyses, and trial sequential analyses of the effects of supplementation with beta-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E singly or in different combinations on all-cause mortality: do we have evidence for lack of harm?". PLoS ONE. 8 (9): e74558. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...874558B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074558. PMC 3765487. PMID 24040282.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[2] Abner EL, Schmitt FA, Mendiondo MS, Marcum JL, Kryscio RJ (ଜୁଲାଇ 2011). "Vitamin E and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis". Current Aging Science. 4 (2): 158–70. doi:10.2174/1874609811104020158. PMC 4030744. PMID 21235492.

[3] Cortés-Jofré M, Rueda JR, Corsini-Muñoz G, Fonseca-Cortés C, Caraballoso M, Bonfill Cosp X (2012). "Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 10: CD002141. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002141.pub2. PMID 23076895.

[4] Jiang L, Yang KH, Tian JH, Guan QL, Yao N, Cao N, Mi DH, Wu J, Ma B, Yang SH (2010). "Efficacy of antioxidant vitamins and selenium supplement in prostate cancer prevention: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Nutrition and Cancer. 62 (6): 719–27. doi:10.1080/01635581.2010.494335. PMID 20661819.

[5] Rees K, Hartley L, Day C, Flowers N, Clarke A, Stranges S (2013). "Selenium supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1 (1): CD009671. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009671.pub2. PMID 23440843.

[6] Shekelle PG, Morton SC, Jungvig LK, Udani J, Spar M, Tu W, J Suttorp M, Coulter I, Newberry SJ, Hardy M (ଅପ୍ରେଲ 2004). "Effect of supplemental vitamin E for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease". Journal of General Internal Medicine. 19 (4): 380–9. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.30090.x. PMC 1492195. PMID 15061748.

[Ullmann-7] Dabelstein, Werner; Reglitzky, Arno; Schütze, Andrea; Reders, Klaus (2007). "Automotive Fuels". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a16_719.pub2. ISBN 3-527-30673-0. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)

[Stanner-8] ୮.୦ ^୮.୧ Stanner SA, Hughes J, Kelly CN, Buttriss J (ମଇ 2004). "A review of the epidemiological evidence for the 'antioxidant hypothesis'". Public Health Nutrition. 7 (3): 407–22. doi:10.1079/PHN2003543. PMID 15153272.

[Shenkin-9] Shenkin A (ଫେବୃଆରୀ 2006). "The key role of micronutrients". Clinical Nutrition. 25 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2005.11.006. PMID 16376462.

[10] Woodside JV, McCall D, McGartland C, Young IS (ନଭେମ୍ବର 2005). "Micronutrients: dietary intake v. supplement use". The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 64 (4): 543–53. doi:10.1079/PNS2005464. PMID 16313697.

[11] Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective Archived 23 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine.. World Cancer Research Fund (2007). ISBN 978-0-9722522-2-5.

[Hail-12] Hail N, Cortes M, Drake EN, Spallholz JE (ଜୁଲାଇ 2008). "Cancer chemoprevention: a radical perspective". Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 45 (2): 97–110. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.04.004. PMID 18454943.

[lpi-13] "Flavonoids". Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis. 2016. Retrieved 24 ଜୁଲାଇ 2016.

[14] Csepregi, K; Neugart, S; Schreiner, M; Hideg, Éva (2016). "Comparative Evaluation of Total Antioxidant Capacities of Plant Polyphenols". Molecules. 21 (2): 208. doi:10.3390/molecules21020208. PMID 26867192.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[Williams-15] Williams RJ, Spencer JP, Rice-Evans C (ଅପ୍ରେଲ 2004). "Flavonoids: antioxidants or signalling molecules?". Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 36 (7): 838–49. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.01.001. PMID 15019969.

[Virgili-16] Virgili F, Marino M (ନଭେମ୍ବର 2008). "Regulation of cellular signals from nutritional molecules: a specific role for phytochemicals, beyond antioxidant activity". Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 45 (9): 1205–16. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.08.001. PMID 18762244.

[17] Di Matteo V, Esposito E (ଅପ୍ରେଲ 2003). "Biochemical and therapeutic effects of antioxidants in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Current Drug Targets. CNS and Neurological Disorders. 2 (2): 95–107. doi:10.2174/1568007033482959. PMID 12769802.

[18] Rao AV, Balachandran B (ଅକ୍ଟୋବର 2002). "Role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in neurodegenerative diseases". Nutritional Neuroscience. 5 (5): 291–309. doi:10.1080/1028415021000033767. PMID 12385592.

[୧]

[୨]

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[୫]

[୬]

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[୮]

[୯]

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