୨୦୧୯ ନାଗରିକତା (ସଂଶୋଧନୀ) ନିୟମ

୨୦୧୯ ନାଗରିକତା (ସଂଶୋଧନୀ) ନିୟମ
୨୦୧୯ ନାଗରିକତା (ସଂଶୋଧନୀ) ନିୟମ
ଭାରତୀୟ ସଂସଦ
	୧୯୫୫ ନାଗରିକତା (ସଂଶୋଧନୀ) ନିୟମର ଏକ ସଂଶୋଧନ ।
ଆଧାର	୨୦୧୯ର ୪୭ ନଂ ନିୟମ
ନିୟମାକାରକ	ଲୋକ ସଭା
Date passed	10 ଡିସେମ୍ବର 2019
Enacted by	ରାଜ୍ୟ ସଭା
Date passed	11 ଡିସେମ୍ବର 2019
Date assented to	12 ଡିସେମ୍ବର 2019
Date signed	12 ଡିସେମ୍ବର 2019
Signed by	ରାମ ନାଥ କୋବିନ୍ଦ; ଭାରତୀୟ ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରପତି
Date effective	ଏବେ ଯାଏ ନୁହେଁ; ସରକାରଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା ଏକ ମନୋନୀତ ତାରିକ ସୂଚିତ କରାଯିବ ।
ପରିଚାଳିକା ଇତିହାସ
Bill introduced in the ଲୋକ ସଭା	୨୦୧୯ ନାଗରିକତା (ସଂଶୋଧନୀ) ବିଧେୟକ
ବିଲ ଟୀକା	୨୦୧୯ର ୩୭୦ ନଂ ବିଧେୟକ
Bill published on	9 ଡିସେମ୍ବର 2019; 4 years ago
Introduced by	ଅମିତ ଶାହା ; ଗୃହ ମନ୍ତ୍ରଣାଳୟ ମନ୍ତ୍ରୀ
First reading	9 ଡିସେମ୍ବର 2019
Second reading	10 ଡିସେମ୍ବର 2019
Third reading	11 ଡିସେମ୍ବର 2019
	Status: Unknown

ଭାରତୀୟ ସଂସଦର ୨୦୧୯ ନାଗରିକତା (ସଂଶୋଧନୀ) ନିୟମ ୧୯୫୫ ନାଗରିକତା ନିୟମର ସଂଶୋଧନ କରି ପାକିସ୍ତାନ, ବଙ୍ଗଳାଦେଶ ଓ ଆଫଗାନିସ୍ତାନର ଧାର୍ମିକ ସଂଖ୍ୟାଲଘୁମାନଙ୍କୁ ଭାରତୀୟ ନାଗରିକତା ପ୍ରଦାନ ପାଇଁ ପଥ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରିଥାଏ ।^[୨] ଏଥି ପାଇଁ ଯୋଗ୍ୟ ସଂଖ୍ୟାଲଘୁମାନେ ହେଲେ ହିନ୍ଦୁ ଶିଖ, ବୌଦ୍ଧ, ଜୈନ, ପାର୍ସୀ ଓ ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟିଆନ ।^[୨] ମୁସଲିମମାନେ ଏଥି ପାଇଁ ଯୋଗ୍ୟ ନୁହଁନ୍ତି ।^[୩]^[୪]^[୫]^[୬]^[୭] ଏଥି ପାଇଁ ଯୋଗ୍ୟ ବିବେଚିତ ହେବା ନିମନ୍ତେ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥୀମାନେ ୨୦୧୪ ଡିସେମ୍ବର ୩୧ ଆଗରୁ ଭାରତରେ ପ୍ରବେଶ କରିଥିବା ଓ ନିଜ ମୂଳ ଦେଶରେ "ଧର୍ମଗତ ଅତ୍ୟାଚାର ସହିଥିବା ବା ଧର୍ମଗତ ଅତ୍ୟାଚାରର ଭୟ ଥିବା" ବିଧେୟ ।^[a] ଏହି ନିୟମ ଉପୋରକ୍ତ ସଂଖ୍ୟାଲଘୁମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ନାଗରିକତାର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତାକୁ କୋହଳ କରି ୧୧ ବର୍ଷରୁ ୫ ବର୍ଷ କରିଥିଲା ^[୧୦]

Shaheen Bagh protests against CAA, NRC and NPR in Pune on 22 Jan 2020

କ୍ଷମତାସୀନ ଭାରତୀୟ ଜନତା ପାର୍ଟି ତା'ର ୨୦୧୪ ନିର୍ବାଚନ ଇସ୍ତାହାରରେ ପ୍ରତିଶ୍ରୁତି ଦେଇଥିଲା ଯେ ତାହା ହିନ୍ଦୁ ଶରଣାର୍ଥୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ଏକ ପ୍ରାକୃତିକ ବାସଭୂମି ଯୋଗାଇବ ।^[୧୧] ସେହି ଦିନରୁ ଏହି ଭଳି ଶରଣାର୍ଥୀମାନଙ୍କ ବାବଦରେ ଖବର ପ୍ରକାଶ ପାଇଆସୁଥିଲା ।^[୧୨]^[୧୩] ୨୦୧୫ରେ ସରକାର ଏଭଳି ଶରଣାର୍ଥୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ଯାତାୟତ ନଥି ଓ ଦୀର୍ଘମିଆଦି ଭିସା ପ୍ରଦାନ ପାଇଁ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶ ଦେବା ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିଥିଲା ।^[୧୪] ଇଣ୍ଟେଲିଜେନ୍ସ ବ୍ୟୁରୋ ଅନୁସାରେ ପ୍ରାୟ ସମସ୍ତ ହିନ୍ଦୁ କିମ୍ବା ଶିଖ ଧର୍ମାବଲମ୍ବୀ ଥିବା ୩୦,୦୦୦ ଶରଣାର୍ଥୀ ଏହି ନିୟମ ସଂଶୋଧନୀଦ୍ୱାରା ଉପକୃତ ହୋଇଛନ୍ତି ବା ହେବେ ।^[୧୫]

ଭାରତର ଧର୍ମନିରପେକ୍ଷ ସମ୍ବିଧାନ ଓ ତା'ର ୧୪ତମ ଧାରାର ଉଲ୍ଲଂଘନ କରୁଥିବାରୁ ଏହି ସଂଶୋଧନୀ ନିୟମ ଭାରତ ଓ ବିଦେଶରେ ସମାଲୋଚିତ ହୋଇଛି ।^[୧୬]^[୧୭]^[୧୮] ଏହାର ବିଲକୁ ବିରୋଧ କରି ଏକ ଆବେଦନ ୧,୦୦୦ ଜଣ ବୈଜ୍ଞାନିକ ଓ ଶିକ୍ଷାର୍ଥୀଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା ଦସ୍ତଖତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।^[୧୯] ଏହି ନିୟମ ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର ଆମେରିକାର ଆନ୍ତର୍ଜାତୀୟ ଧର୍ମଗତ ସ୍ୱାଧୀନତା କମିଶନଦ୍ୱାରା ସମାଲୋଚିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।^[୨୦]^[୨୧] ଏହି ନିୟମର କେତେକ ସମାଲୋଚନାକାରୀଙ୍କ ମତରେ ନିୟମଟି ଧର୍ମଗତ ବୈଷମ୍ୟକୁ ଆଇନଗତ କରିଥାଏ ।^[୨]^[୨୨]^[୭]

ଆଇନଟି ପାରିତ ହେବା ପରେ ଭାରତରେ ବଡ଼ ଧରଣର ଧାରଣା ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।^[୨୧] ମୁସଲିମ ଓ ଧର୍ମନିରପେକ୍ଷ ଦଳଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଧର୍ମଗତ ବୈଷମ୍ୟକୁ ବିରୋଧ କରି ଆନ୍ଦୋଳନ କରିଥିଲେ । ଆସାମ ଓ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ଉତ୍ତରପୂର୍ବ ରାଜ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ଅଣ-ମୁସଲିମ ବେଆଇନ ଶରଣାର୍ଥୀ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ଅଞ୍ଚଳକୁ ଆସିବା ଭୟରେ ଆନ୍ଦୋଳନ କରିଥିଲେ ।^[୧୫]

ଟୀକା

↑ ଧର୍ମଗତ ଅତ୍ୟାଚାରର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା ପରୋକ୍ଷ ଭାବେ ୨୦୧୫ରେ ପାରିତ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦଶାବଳୀର ଆଧାରରେ ଏହି ନିୟମରେ ଦର୍ଶିତ ।^[୮] ଅଧିକାଂଶ ଖବର ଏହି ଆବଶ୍ୟକତାଟି ଛାଡ଼ିଯାଇଛନ୍ତି ।^[୯]

ଆଧାର

↑ "The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 12 December 2019. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
↑ ^୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ Citizenship Amendment Bill: India's new 'anti-Muslim' law explained, BBC News, 11 December 2019.
↑ Helen Regan, Swati Gupta and Omar Khan, "India passes controversial citizenship bill that excludes Muslims," CNN News.
↑ Sigal Samuel, "India just redefined its citizenship criteria to exclude Muslims, "Vox.
↑ Sam Gringlas, "India Passes Controversial Citizenship Bill That Would Exclude Muslims", NPR
↑ India's Parliament passes contentious citizenship bill excluding Muslims Archived 2019-12-12 at the Wayback Machine., Japan Times
↑ ^୭.୦ ^୭.୧ "Indian citizenship law discriminatory to Muslims passed". The Guardian. 11 December 2019.
↑ Shrutisgar Yamunan, The Citizenship Bill rests on shaky legal grounds. Here’s why, Scroll.in, 6 December 2019. 'Though the bill does not seem to have the term “minority communities” and the criteria of “religious persecution” directly, it refers to the rules under the Foreigners Act amended in 2015 and 2016, which clearly mention these terms.'
↑ Question & Answer: Citizenship amendment law explained, The Indian Express, 14 December 2019. "Although [Amit] Shah referred to non-Muslim religions as persecuted minorities, the law avoids using the word persecution in its text."
↑ "The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019" (PDF). PRS India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
↑ "BJP offer of 'natural home' for Hindu refugees triggers debate". Hindustan Times. 9 April 2014.
↑ Why Pakistani Hindus leave their homes for India, BBC News, 28 October 2015.
↑ Shreyasee Raj, Safe But Betrayed: Pakistani Hindu Refugees in India, The Diplomat, 22 January 2019.
↑ Shoaib Daniyal, Four myths about the Citizenship Bill – from fighting religious persecution to helping NRC-excluded, Scroll.in, 8 December 2019.
↑ ^୧୫.୦ ^୧୫.୧ Saha, Abhishek (20 January 2019). "Explained: Why Assam, Northeast are angry". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 18 January 2019. From its records, the IB gave a count of 31,313 (25,447 Hindus, 5,807 Sikhs, 55 Christians, 2 Buddhists and 2 Parsis) who have been given Long Term Visas on their claim of religious persecution in the three countries.
↑ Citizenship Amendment Bill: India's new 'anti-Muslim' law explained, BBC News, 11 December 2019. "Opponents of the bill say it is exclusionary and violates the secular principles enshrined in the constitution. They say faith cannot be made a condition of citizenship."
↑ Sumit Ganguly, Secularism Is Dying in India Archived 2020-04-13 at the Wayback Machine., Foreign Policy, 11 December 2019.
↑ Nobel Winner Ramakrishnan Slams Amit Shah’s Argument, Condemns CAB, The Quint, 13 December 2019.
↑ India will become unconstitutional ethnocracy: Over 1,000 scholars, scientists seek withdrawal of Citizenship Bill, India Today
↑ "Federal US commission seeks sanctions against Amit Shah if CAB passed in Parliament"
↑ ^୨୧.୦ ^୨୧.୧ Sigal Samuel, "India just redefined its citizenship criteria to exclude Muslims, "Vox, 12 December 2019.
↑ Will Citizenship Amendment Bill legalise religious discrimination, The Times of India, 11 December 2019.

ଅଧିକ ପଠନ

The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2016 - Highlights and Summary by PRS Legislative Research

ବାହାର ତଥ୍ୟ

Passport (Entry into India) Amendment Rules, 2015 and Foreigners (Amendment) Order, 2015, The Gazette of India No. 553, 8 September 2015.
Citizenship (Amendment) Bill as introduced in Lok Sabha, 2016 Archived 2021-01-14 at the Wayback Machine., PRS Legislative Research, 2016.
Report of the Joint Parliament Committee Archived 2021-01-24 at the Wayback Machine., Lok Sabha Secretariat, 2019 (via PRS Legislative Research).
Citizenship (Amendment) Bill as introduced in Lok Sabha, 2019 Archived 2019-12-12 at the Wayback Machine., PRS Legislative Research, 2019.
Citizenship (Amendment) Bill as passed by the Lok Sabha, 2019 Archived 2021-01-21 at the Wayback Machine., PRS Legislative Research, 2019.

[10] ଧର୍ମଗତ ଅତ୍ୟାଚାରର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା ପରୋକ୍ଷ ଭାବେ ୨୦୧୫ରେ ପାରିତ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦଶାବଳୀର ଆଧାରରେ ଏହି ନିୟମରେ ଦର୍ଶିତ ।^[୮] ଅଧିକାଂଶ ଖବର ଏହି ଆବଶ୍ୟକତାଟି ଛାଡ଼ିଯାଇଛନ୍ତି ।^[୯]

[gazette-1] "The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 12 December 2019. Retrieved 14 December 2019.

[BBC_explained-2] ୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ Citizenship Amendment Bill: India's new 'anti-Muslim' law explained, BBC News, 11 December 2019.

[3] Helen Regan, Swati Gupta and Omar Khan, "India passes controversial citizenship bill that excludes Muslims," CNN News.

[Samuel-4] Sigal Samuel, "India just redefined its citizenship criteria to exclude Muslims, "Vox.

[5] Sam Gringlas, "India Passes Controversial Citizenship Bill That Would Exclude Muslims", NPR

[6] India's Parliament passes contentious citizenship bill excluding Muslims Archived 2019-12-12 at the Wayback Machine., Japan Times

[TheGuardian-7] ୭.୦ ^୭.୧ "Indian citizenship law discriminatory to Muslims passed". The Guardian. 11 December 2019.

[8] Shrutisgar Yamunan, The Citizenship Bill rests on shaky legal grounds. Here’s why, Scroll.in, 6 December 2019. 'Though the bill does not seem to have the term “minority communities” and the criteria of “religious persecution” directly, it refers to the rules under the Foreigners Act amended in 2015 and 2016, which clearly mention these terms.'

[9] Question & Answer: Citizenship amendment law explained, The Indian Express, 14 December 2019. "Although [Amit] Shah referred to non-Muslim religions as persecuted minorities, the law avoids using the word persecution in its text."

[PRS_India-11] "The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019" (PDF). PRS India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.

[natural_home-12] "BJP offer of 'natural home' for Hindu refugees triggers debate". Hindustan Times. 9 April 2014.

[13] Why Pakistani Hindus leave their homes for India, BBC News, 28 October 2015.

[14] Shreyasee Raj, Safe But Betrayed: Pakistani Hindu Refugees in India, The Diplomat, 22 January 2019.

[Daniyal-15] Shoaib Daniyal, Four myths about the Citizenship Bill – from fighting religious persecution to helping NRC-excluded, Scroll.in, 8 December 2019.

[angry-16] ୧୫.୦ ^୧୫.୧ Saha, Abhishek (20 January 2019). "Explained: Why Assam, Northeast are angry". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 18 January 2019. From its records, the IB gave a count of 31,313 (25,447 Hindus, 5,807 Sikhs, 55 Christians, 2 Buddhists and 2 Parsis) who have been given Long Term Visas on their claim of religious persecution in the three countries.

[BBC_secularism-17] Citizenship Amendment Bill: India's new 'anti-Muslim' law explained, BBC News, 11 December 2019. "Opponents of the bill say it is exclusionary and violates the secular principles enshrined in the constitution. They say faith cannot be made a condition of citizenship."

[18] Sumit Ganguly, Secularism Is Dying in India Archived 2020-04-13 at the Wayback Machine., Foreign Policy, 11 December 2019.

[Ramakrishnan-19] Nobel Winner Ramakrishnan Slams Amit Shah’s Argument, Condemns CAB, The Quint, 13 December 2019.

[auto-20] India will become unconstitutional ethnocracy: Over 1,000 scholars, scientists seek withdrawal of Citizenship Bill, India Today

[sanctions-21] "Federal US commission seeks sanctions against Amit Shah if CAB passed in Parliament"

[Sigal_Samuel-22] ୨୧.୦ ^୨୧.୧ Sigal Samuel, "India just redefined its citizenship criteria to exclude Muslims, "Vox, 12 December 2019.

[23] Will Citizenship Amendment Bill legalise religious discrimination, The Times of India, 11 December 2019.

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