ମେଥାଡନ

ମେଥାଡନ
Clinical data
Trade names	Dolophine, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a682134
Pregnancy; category	AU: C ; US: C (Risk not ruled out) ; ;
Routes of; administration	Oral, intravenous, insufflation, sublingual, rectal
ATC code	N02AC52 (WHO) N07BC02;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S8 (Controlled) ; CA: Schedule I ; DE: Anlage III (Prescription only) ; UK: Class A ; US: Schedule II ; ℞ (Prescription only);
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	41-99% (oral)
Protein binding	85-90%
Metabolism	Liver (CYP3A4, CYP2B6 and CYP2D6-mediated)
Onset of action	rapid
Elimination half-life	7-65 hours
Duration of action	4-8 hrs (one dose), 1-2 days (prolonged use)
Excretion	Urine, faeces
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (RS)-6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one;
CAS Number	76-99-3 ;
PubChem CID	4095;
IUPHAR/BPS	5458;
DrugBank	DB00333 ;
ChemSpider	3953 ;
UNII	UC6VBE7V1Z;
KEGG	D08195 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:6807 ;
ChEMBL	CHEMBL651 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.907
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C21H27NO
Molar mass	309.445 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Chirality	1 : 1 mixture (racemate)
	SMILES CCC(C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)CC(N(C)C)C)=O;
	InChI InChI=1S/C21H27NO/c1-5-20(23)21(16-17(2)22(3)4,18-12-8-6-9-13-18)19-14-10-7-11-15-19/h6-15,17H,5,16H2,1-4H3 ; Key:USSIQXCVUWKGNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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ମେଥାଡନ, ବିକ୍ରୟ ନାମ ଡୋଲୋଫିନ, ଏକ ଅଫିମ ଜାତୀୟ ଔଷଧ ଯାହା ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ଚିକିତ୍ସା, ସଂରକ୍ଷଣ ଥେରାପି ଓ ଅଫିମ ନିର୍ଭରଶୀଳ ଲୋକଙ୍କ ନିଶାବିହୀନ ନିମନ୍ତେ ବ୍ୟବ‌ହାର କରାଯାଏ । ^[୩] ଏକ ମାସ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ନିଶାବିହୀନ ହୋଇପାରିବ ବା ୬ ମାସ ମଧ୍ୟ ଲାଗିପାରିବ । ଗୋଟିଏ ଡୋଜ ଶୀଘ୍ର କାମ କଲେ ମଧ୍ୟ ସର୍ବାଧିକ ପ୍ରଭାବ ନିମନ୍ତେ ୫ ଦିନ ଲାଗିପାରେ । ଏହାର ପ୍ରଭାବ ୬ଘଣ୍ଟା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ରହେ ଓ ଦୀର୍ଘକାଳୀନ ବ୍ୟବ‌ହାରରେ ଦେଢ଼ ଦିନ ରହିପାରେ । ମେଥାଡନ ପାଟିରେ ଦିଆଯାଏ ବା ମାଂସପେଶୀ ଇଞ୍ଜେକସନ ବା ଶିରାଭ୍ୟନ୍ତର ଇଞ୍ଜେକସନ ଆକାରରେ ଦିଆଯାଏ । ^[୩]

ଏହି ଔଷଦର ଅଫିମ ଅନୁଜାତୀୟ ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଦେଖାଯାଏ । ଶିରଭ୍ରମ, ନିଦୁଆ ଓ ଝାଳ ବୋହିବା ଆଦି ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଦେଖାଯାଏ । ସାଂଘାତିକ ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଓପିଅଏଡ଼ ଆବ୍ୟୁଜ ବା ଶ୍ୱାସକ୍ରିୟା ପ୍ରଚେଷ୍ଟ କମ ହୁଏ । ପ୍ରଲମ୍ବିତ କ୍ୟୁଟି ସ‌ହିତ ଅନିୟମିତ ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡ ହାର ମଧ୍ୟ ଦେଖାଯାଏ ।^[୩] ସନ ୨୦୧୧ରେ ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର ଆମେରିକାରେ ଅଫିମ ସଂକ୍ରାନ୍ତିୟ ବିଷାକ୍ତ‌ତାର ୨୬ % ବା ୪୪୧୮ ଲୋକ ମେଥାଡିନ ଯୋଗୁ ବିଷାକ୍ତ ହୋଇଥିଲେ ।^[୪] ଅଧିକ ଡୋଜ ଦେଲେ ଅଧିକ ସଙ୍କଟ ରହେ ।^[୫] ରାସାୟନିକ ପଦ୍ଧତିରେ ମେଥାଡନ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରାଯାଏ ଓ ଏହା ଓପିଅଏଡ ରିସେପ୍ଟର ଉପରେ କାମକରେ । ^[୩]

ସନ ୧୯୩୭ରୁ ୧୯୩୯ ଭିତରେ ଜର୍ମାନୀରେ ଗୁସ୍ଟାଭ ଏରହାର୍ଟ (Gustav Ehrhart) ଓ ମାକ୍ସ ବକମୁଲ (Max Bockmühl) ଏହି ମେଥାଡନ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରିଥିଲେ । ^[୬]^[୭] ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର ଆମେରିକାରେ ଏହା ସନ ୧୯୪୭ରେ ବ୍ୟବ‌ହାର ନିମନ୍ତେ ଅନୁମୋଦିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।^[୩] ଏହାର ନାମ ବିଶ୍ୱ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସଂଗଠନର ଅତ୍ୟାବଶ୍ୟକୀୟ ଔଷଧ ଚିଠାରେ ଅଛି ଯାହା ମୌଳିକ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସିସ୍ଟମ ନିମନ୍ତେ ଅତି ମହତ୍ତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ।^[୮] ପୃଥିବୀରେ ସନ ୨୦୧୩ରେ ୪୧,୪୦୦ କେଜି ମେଥାଡନ ଉତ୍ପାଦିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।^[୯] ଅନ୍ୟ ସମସ୍ତ ନିଶାଦ୍ରବ୍ୟ ଭଳି ଏହା ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ କରାଯାଏ ।^[୧୦] ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର ଆମେରିକାରେ ଏହା ଅତି ଦାମିକା ନୁହେଁ । ^[୧୧]

ଆଧାର

↑ ^୧.୦ ^୧.୧ ^୧.୨ Fredheim, OM; Moksnes, K; Borchgrevink, PC; Kaasa, S; Dale, O (August 2008). "Clinical pharmacology of methadone for pain". Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 52 (7): 879–89. doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.2008.01597.x. PMID 18331375.
↑ ^୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ Brown, R; Kraus, C; Fleming, M; Reddy, S (November 2004). "Methadone: applied pharmacology and use as adjunctive treatment in chronic pain" (PDF). Postgraduate Medical Journal. 80 (949): 654–9. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2004.022988. PMC 1743125. PMID 15537850.
↑ ^୩.୦ ^୩.୧ ^୩.୨ ^୩.୩ ^୩.୪ ^୩.୫ ^୩.୬ "Methadone Hydrochloride". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved Dec 2015. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
↑ "Data table for Figure 1. Age-adjusted drug-poisoning and opioid-analgesic poisoning death rates: United States, 1999–2011" (PDF). CDC. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
↑ Chou, R; Turner, JA; Devine, EB; Hansen, RN; Sullivan, SD; Blazina, I; Dana, T; Bougatsos, C; Deyo, RA (17 February 2015). "The effectiveness and risks of long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop". Annals of Internal Medicine. 162 (4): 276–86. doi:10.7326/M14-2559. PMID 25581257.
↑ Methadone Matters: Evolving Community Methadone Treatment of Opiate Addiction. CRC Press. 2003. p. 13. ISBN 9780203633090.
↑ "Diphenypropylamine Derivatives". Encyclopedia of Drug Policy. 2011. ISBN 9781506338248.
↑ "WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines" (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
↑ Narcotic Drugs 2014 (pdf). INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL BOARD. 2015. p. 21. ISBN 9789210481571.
↑ Organization, World Health (2009). Guidelines for the psychosocially assisted pharmacological treatment of opioid dependence. Geneva: World Health Organization. p. 78. ISBN 9789241547543.
↑ Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 13. ISBN 9781284057560.

[acta08-1] ୧.୦ ^୧.୧ ^୧.୨ Fredheim, OM; Moksnes, K; Borchgrevink, PC; Kaasa, S; Dale, O (August 2008). "Clinical pharmacology of methadone for pain". Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 52 (7): 879–89. doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.2008.01597.x. PMID 18331375.

[PMJ04-2] ୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ Brown, R; Kraus, C; Fleming, M; Reddy, S (November 2004). "Methadone: applied pharmacology and use as adjunctive treatment in chronic pain" (PDF). Postgraduate Medical Journal. 80 (949): 654–9. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2004.022988. PMC 1743125. PMID 15537850.

[AHFS2015-3] ୩.୦ ^୩.୧ ^୩.୨ ^୩.୩ ^୩.୪ ^୩.୫ ^୩.୬ "Methadone Hydrochloride". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved Dec 2015. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

[4] "Data table for Figure 1. Age-adjusted drug-poisoning and opioid-analgesic poisoning death rates: United States, 1999–2011" (PDF). CDC. Retrieved 22 December 2015.

[5] Chou, R; Turner, JA; Devine, EB; Hansen, RN; Sullivan, SD; Blazina, I; Dana, T; Bougatsos, C; Deyo, RA (17 February 2015). "The effectiveness and risks of long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop". Annals of Internal Medicine. 162 (4): 276–86. doi:10.7326/M14-2559. PMID 25581257.

[6] Methadone Matters: Evolving Community Methadone Treatment of Opiate Addiction. CRC Press. 2003. p. 13. ISBN 9780203633090.

[7] "Diphenypropylamine Derivatives". Encyclopedia of Drug Policy. 2011. ISBN 9781506338248.

[8] "WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines" (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2014.

[UN2015-9] Narcotic Drugs 2014 (pdf). INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL BOARD. 2015. p. 21. ISBN 9789210481571.

[10] Organization, World Health (2009). Guidelines for the psychosocially assisted pharmacological treatment of opioid dependence. Geneva: World Health Organization. p. 78. ISBN 9789241547543.

[Ric2015-11] Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 13. ISBN 9781284057560.

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