ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା

ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା
	ଇଞ୍ଜେକସ ନେଲାବେଳେ ଜଣେ ମହିଳାଙ୍କ ମୁଖମଣ୍ଡଳରେ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ଚିହ୍ନ ଦେଖାଯାଉଛି ।
ICD-10	R52
ICD-9	338
DiseasesDB	9503
MedlinePlus	002164
MeSH	D010146

ଏହି ଲେଖାଟି ଶାରୀରିକ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ନିମନ୍ତେ । ବ୍ୟାପକ ଅର୍ଥ ନିମନ୍ତେ ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ Suffering ବାବଦରେ । ବାକିସବୁ ପାଇଁ, ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା (ବହୁବିକଳ୍ପ) ପ୍ରସଙ୍ଗଟି ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ ।

ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା (ଇଂରାଜୀ ଭାଷାରେ Pain) ଏକ ଅରୁଚିକର ବା ଦୁଃଖଦ ଅନୁଭବ ଯାହା ଛୁଞ୍ଚି ଫୋଡିହେବା, ନିଆଁ ଧାସ/ ପୋଡ଼ି ହେବା, କୌଣସି ଟାଣ ଯାଗାରେ ବାଜିଯିବା ଭଳି ତୀବ୍ର ବା ବିନଷ୍ଟକାରୀ ଉଦ୍ଦୀପକଦ୍ୱାରା ସଂଘଟିତ ହୁଏ^[୧] । ଇଣ୍ଟରନ୍ୟାସନାଲ ଆସୋସିଏସନ ଫର ଷ୍ଟଡି ଅଫ ପେନ ସଂସ୍ଥାର ସଂଜ୍ଞା: ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ଏକ ଅରୁଚିକର ସଂବେଦୀ ବା ଭାବପ୍ରବଣ ଅନୁଭବ (sensory and emotional experience) ଯାହା ପ୍ରକୃତ ବା ସଂଭାବ୍ୟ ତନ୍ତୁ କ୍ଷୟଦ୍ୱାରା ସଂଘଟିତ ହୁଏ ।
ନିଜ ଅଙ୍ଗକୁ ରକ୍ଷା କରିବାକୁ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ଏହି ବିନଷ୍ଟକାରୀ ଅବସ୍ଥିତିଠାରୁ ଦୂରେଇ ଯିବାକୁ ଲୋକକୁ ବାଧ୍ୟ କରେ ଓ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତରେ ଏହାଠାରୁ ଦୂରେଇ ରହିବାକୁ ଚେତେଇ ଦିଏ^[୨] । ଅଧିକାଂଶ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ଉଦ୍ଦୀପକଠାରୁ ଦୂରେଇ ଗଲେ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ହୁଏ ନାହିଁ । ବେଳେ ବେଳେ ଉଦ୍ଦୀପକ ନ ଥାଇ ବା ଅଙ୍ଗ ସୁସ୍ଥ ହୋଇଯାଇ ଥିଲେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ଲାଗି ରହେ ବା କୌଣସି ଉଦ୍ଦୀପକ ନ ଥାଇ ମଧ୍ୟ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୁଏ ।^[୩]
^[୪] ଆମେରିକାରେ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ଯୋଗୁ ଡାକ୍ତରୀ ପରାମର୍ଶ ଅତି ସାଧାରଣ କଥା^[୫] । ଅନେକ ଭେଷଜ ରୋଗରେ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ହୁଏ ଓ ଏହା ମାନବର କର୍ମ ଓ ଜୀବନଚର୍ଯ୍ୟାକୁ ପ୍ରଭାବିତ କରେ^[୬] । ସାମାଜିକ ଆଶ୍ରୟ, ସମ୍ମୋହନ, ଉତ୍ତେଜିତ ତଥା ଅବସାଦଗ୍ରସ୍ତ କରେଇବାଦ୍ୱାରା ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣାର ମାତ୍ରା କମିଯାଏ ।^[୭]

ଆଧାର

↑ The examples represent respectively the three classes of nociceptive pain - mechanical, thermal and chemical - and neuropathic pain.
↑ Lynn B (1984). "Cutaneous nociceptors". In Winlow W, Holden AV (ed.). The neurobiology of pain: Symposium of the Northern Neurobiology Group, held at Leeds on 18 April 1983. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 106. ISBN 0-7190-0996-0. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
↑ Raj PP (2007). "Taxonomy and classification of pain". In Niv D, Kreitler S, Diego B, Lamberto A (ed.). The Handbook of Chronic Pain. Nova Biomedical Books. ISBN 1-60021-044-9. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
↑ Melzack R & Casey KL. "Sensory, motivational and central control determinants of chronic pain: A new conceptual model". In Kenshalo DR (ed.). The skin senses: Proceedings of the first International Symposium on the Skin Senses, held at the Florida State University in Tallahassee, Florida. p. 432. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help)
↑ Turk DC, Dworkin RH (2004). "What should be the core outcomes in chronic pain clinical trials?". Arthritis Res. Ther. 6 (4): 151–4. doi:10.1186/ar1196. PMC 464897. PMID 15225358.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
↑ Breivik H, Borchgrevink PC, Allen SM, Rosseland LA, Romundstad L, Hals EK, Kvarstein G, Stubhaug A (2008). "Assessment of pain". Br J Anaesth. 101 (1): 17–24. doi:10.1093/bja/aen103. PMID 18487245. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Eisenberger NI, Lieberman M (2005). "Why it hurts to be left out: The neurocognitive overlap between physical and social pain". In Williams KD (ed.). The Social Outcast: Ostracism, Social Exclusion, Rejection, & Bullying (Sydney Symposium of Social Psychology). East Sussex: Psychology Press. p. 210. ISBN 1-84169-424-X. {{cite book}}: |archive-url= requires |url= (help); External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ

ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା at Curlie
Pain Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

[1] The examples represent respectively the three classes of nociceptive pain - mechanical, thermal and chemical - and neuropathic pain.

[Lynn1984-2] Lynn B (1984). "Cutaneous nociceptors". In Winlow W, Holden AV (ed.). The neurobiology of pain: Symposium of the Northern Neurobiology Group, held at Leeds on 18 April 1983. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 106. ISBN 0-7190-0996-0. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)

[Raj_2007-3] Raj PP (2007). "Taxonomy and classification of pain". In Niv D, Kreitler S, Diego B, Lamberto A (ed.). The Handbook of Chronic Pain. Nova Biomedical Books. ISBN 1-60021-044-9. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)

[Melzack_1968-4] Melzack R & Casey KL. "Sensory, motivational and central control determinants of chronic pain: A new conceptual model". In Kenshalo DR (ed.). The skin senses: Proceedings of the first International Symposium on the Skin Senses, held at the Florida State University in Tallahassee, Florida. p. 432. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help)

[Turk_&_Dennis_2004-5] Turk DC, Dworkin RH (2004). "What should be the core outcomes in chronic pain clinical trials?". Arthritis Res. Ther. 6 (4): 151–4. doi:10.1186/ar1196. PMC 464897. PMID 15225358.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[Breivik2008-6] Breivik H, Borchgrevink PC, Allen SM, Rosseland LA, Romundstad L, Hals EK, Kvarstein G, Stubhaug A (2008). "Assessment of pain". Br J Anaesth. 101 (1): 17–24. doi:10.1093/bja/aen103. PMID 18487245. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[isbn1-84169-424-X-7] Eisenberger NI, Lieberman M (2005). "Why it hurts to be left out: The neurocognitive overlap between physical and social pain". In Williams KD (ed.). The Social Outcast: Ostracism, Social Exclusion, Rejection, & Bullying (Sydney Symposium of Social Psychology). East Sussex: Psychology Press. p. 210. ISBN 1-84169-424-X. {{cite book}}: |archive-url= requires |url= (help); External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)

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