ପ୍ରୋପୋଫଲ୍

ପ୍ରୋପୋଫୋଲ୍
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
Pregnancy; category	AU: C ; US: B (No risk in non-human studies) ; ;
Dependence; liability	Physical: very low (seizures); Psychological: no data
Addiction; liability	Moderate
Routes of; administration	Intravenous
ATC code	N01AX10 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only) ; CA: ℞-only ; UK: POM (Prescription only) ; US: ℞-only ; ℞ (Prescription only);
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	NA
Protein binding	95% to 99%
Metabolism	Liver glucuronidation
Onset of action	15 to 30 sec
Elimination half-life	30 to 60 min
Duration of action	5 to 10 min
Excretion	Liver
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenol;
CAS Number	2078-54-8 ;
PubChem CID	4943;
DrugBank	DB00818 ;
ChemSpider	4774 ;
UNII	YI7VU623SF;
KEGG	D00549 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:44915 ;
ChEMBL	CHEMBL526 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.016.551
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C12H18O
Molar mass	178.271 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES OC1=C(C(C)C)C=CC=C1C(C)C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C12H18O/c1-8(2)10-6-5-7-11(9(3)4)12(10)13/h5-9,13H,1-4H3 ; Key:OLBCVFGFOZPWHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
(verify)

ପ୍ରୋପୋଫଲ୍‌, ବିକ୍ରୟ ନାମ ଡିପ୍ରିଭାନ୍, ଏକ ସ୍ୱଳ୍ପକାଳ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକାରୀ ଔଷଧ ଯାହା ଚେତନ ଅବସ୍ଥାକୁ କମେଇ ଦିଏ ଓ ବିସ୍ମରଣ କରେଇଦିଏ ।^[୨] ଏହା ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ନିଶ୍ଚେତକ ଦେବା ପୂର୍ବରୁ ବା ବୟସ୍କମାନଙ୍କୁ ଭେଣ୍ଟିଲେଟର ଦେବା ନିମନ୍ତେ ଶମନ (ପ୍ରଶାନ୍ତ) କରିବାକୁ ଓ ସାଧାରଣ ଶମନ(ପ୍ରଶାନ୍ତ) କରିବାକୁ ଦିଆଯାଏ । ସ୍ଟାଟସ୍ ଏପିଲେପ୍ଟିକସ୍ ରୋଗରେ କୌଣସି ଔଷଧ କାମ ନ କଲେ ଏହି ଔଷଧ ଦିଆଯାଏ । ଏହା ଶିରେଭ୍ୟନ୍ତରରେ ଦିଆଯାଏ । ଏହି ଔଷଧ ପ୍ରୟୋଗ କରିବାର ଦୁଇ ମିନିଟ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ସର୍ବାଧିକ ପ୍ରଭାବ ଦେଖାଏ ।^[୨]

ପ୍ରପୋଫଲ୍‌ର ସାଧାରଣ ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଅନିୟମିତ ହୃତ୍ ସ୍ପନ୍ଦନ, ନିମ୍ନ ରକ୍ତଚାପ, ଇଞ୍ଜେକସନ ନେଇଥିବା ଜାଗାରେ ଜଳାପୋଡ଼ା ହୁଏ ଓ ଆପନିଆ ବା ଶ୍ୱାସକ୍ରିୟା ବନ୍ଦ ହୋଇଯାଏ । ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ସାଂଘାତିକ ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଅପଶ୍ମାର ବାତ, ଅସଙ୍ଗତ ବ୍ୟବ‌ହାରଦ୍ୱାରା ସଂକ୍ରମଣ, ନିଶାଗ୍ରସ୍ତ ଓ ଦୀର୍ଘକାଳୀନ ବ୍ୟବ‌ହାର କଲେ ପ୍ରୋପୋଫଲ୍ ଇନଫ୍ୟୁଜନ୍ ସିଣ୍ଡ୍ରୋମ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ହୁଏ । ଗର୍ଭାବସ୍ଥାରେ ନିରାପଦ ମନେ ହେଉଥିଲେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଏହା ଉପରେ ବିଶେଷ ଅନୁଶୀଳନ ହୋଇଥିବା ଜଣାଯାଏ ନାହିଁ । ସିଜରିଆନ ସେକ୍‌ସନ୍ ଅପରେଶନ ବେଳେ ଏହି ଔଷଧ ଦିଆଯାଏ ନାହିଁ ।^[୨] ଏହା ଏକ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ନିରଧୀ ଔଷଧ ନୁହେଁ, ତେଣୁ ମର୍ଫିନ ଭଳି ଅଫିମାଭ/ଓପିଅଏଡ ଔଷଧ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ସ୍ଥଳେ ଦିଆଯାଏ ।^[୩] ସର୍ବଦା ଏହାର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା ଉପରେ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନବାଚୀ ଚିହ୍ନ ଅଛି ।^[୪] ଏହା ଆଂଶିକ ଭାବରେ ଗାବା ନିଉରୋଟ୍ରାନ୍ସମିଟର ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ କାମ କରେ ।^[୨]

ସନ ୧୯୭୭ରେ ପ୍ରପୋଫଲ ଆବିଷ୍କୃତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।^[୫] ଏହାର ନାମ ବିଶ୍ୱ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସଂଗଠନର ଅତ୍ୟାବଶ୍ୟକୀୟ ଔଷଧ ଚିଠାରେ ଅଛି ଯାହା ମୌଳିକ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସିସ୍ଟମ ନିମନ୍ତେ ଅତି ମହତ୍ତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ।^[୬] ଏହା ଜେନେରିକ ଔଷଧ ନାମରେ ଉପଲବ୍‌ଧ ହୁଏ ।^[୨]ଏହାର ହୋଲସେଲ ମୂଲ୍ୟ ଭାଏଲ ପ୍ରତି ୦.୬୧ରୁ ୮.୫୦ ଆମେରିକୀୟ ଡଲାର ।^[୭] ଏହାର ଶିରାଭ୍ୟନ୍ତର ଭାଏଲର ରଙ୍ଗ ଧଳା ହୋଇଥିବାରୁ ଏହାକୁ ମିଲ୍କ ଅଫ ଆମ୍‌ନେସିଆ କୁହାଯାଏ ।^[୮] ପଶୁ ଚିକିତ୍ସାରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ପ୍ରୋପୋଫଲ୍ ବ୍ୟବ‌ହୃତ ହୁଏ । ^[୯]

ଆଧାର

↑ Ruffle JK (November 2014). "Molecular neurobiology of addiction: what's all the (Δ)FosB about?". Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 40 (6): 428–437. doi:10.3109/00952990.2014.933840. PMID 25083822. Propofol is a general anaesthetic, however its abuse for recreational purpose has been documented (120). Using control drugs implicated in both ΔFosB induction and addiction (ethanol and nicotine), similar ΔFosB expression was apparent when propofol was given to rats. Moreover, this cascade was shown to act via the dopamine D1 receptor in the NAc, suggesting that propofol has abuse potential (119)
↑ ^୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ ^୨.୩ ^୨.୪ ^୨.୫ ^୨.୬ "Propofol". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved Jan 2016. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
↑ Miner, JR; Burton, JH (Aug 2007). "Clinical practice advisory: Emergency department procedural sedation with propofol". Annals of Emergency Medicine. 50 (2): 182–7. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.12.017.
↑ Wakai, A; Blackburn, C; McCabe, A; Reece, E; O'Connor, G; Glasheen, J; Staunton, P; Cronin, J; Sampson, C; McCoy, SC; O'Sullivan, R; Cummins, F (29 July 2015). "The use of propofol for procedural sedation in emergency departments". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 7: CD007399. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007399.pub2. PMID 26222247.
↑ Miller's Anesthesia (8 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. 2014. p. 920. ISBN 9780323280112.
↑ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines" (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013. p. 6. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
↑ "Propofol". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Archived from the original on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
↑ Euliano TY, Gravenstein JS (2004). "A brief pharmacology related to anesthesia". Essential anesthesia: from science to practice. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 173. ISBN 0-521-53600-6. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
↑ "Anesthesia Medications". Veterinary Dentistry for the Small Animal Technician. Hoboken: Wiley. 2013. ISBN 9781118694800.

[What_the_ΔFosB?-1] Ruffle JK (November 2014). "Molecular neurobiology of addiction: what's all the (Δ)FosB about?". Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 40 (6): 428–437. doi:10.3109/00952990.2014.933840. PMID 25083822. Propofol is a general anaesthetic, however its abuse for recreational purpose has been documented (120). Using control drugs implicated in both ΔFosB induction and addiction (ethanol and nicotine), similar ΔFosB expression was apparent when propofol was given to rats. Moreover, this cascade was shown to act via the dopamine D1 receptor in the NAc, suggesting that propofol has abuse potential (119)

[AHFS2016-2] ୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ ^୨.୩ ^୨.୪ ^୨.୫ ^୨.୬ "Propofol". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved Jan 2016. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

[cpaedpap-3] Miner, JR; Burton, JH (Aug 2007). "Clinical practice advisory: Emergency department procedural sedation with propofol". Annals of Emergency Medicine. 50 (2): 182–7. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.12.017.

[4] Wakai, A; Blackburn, C; McCabe, A; Reece, E; O'Connor, G; Glasheen, J; Staunton, P; Cronin, J; Sampson, C; McCoy, SC; O'Sullivan, R; Cummins, F (29 July 2015). "The use of propofol for procedural sedation in emergency departments". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 7: CD007399. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007399.pub2. PMID 26222247.

[5] Miller's Anesthesia (8 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. 2014. p. 920. ISBN 9780323280112.

[6] "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines" (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013. p. 6. Retrieved 22 April 2014.

[7] "Propofol". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Archived from the original on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2016.

[Euliano-8] Euliano TY, Gravenstein JS (2004). "A brief pharmacology related to anesthesia". Essential anesthesia: from science to practice. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 173. ISBN 0-521-53600-6. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)

[9] "Anesthesia Medications". Veterinary Dentistry for the Small Animal Technician. Hoboken: Wiley. 2013. ISBN 9781118694800.

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Clinical data


AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
Pregnancy category	AU: C US: B (No risk in non-human studies)
Dependence liability	Physical: very low (seizures) Psychological: no data
Addiction liability	Moderate^[୧]
Routes of administration	Intravenous
ATC code	N01AX10 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only) CA: ℞-only UK: POM (Prescription only) US: ℞-only ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	NA
Protein binding	95% to 99%
Metabolism	Liver glucuronidation
Onset of action	15 to 30 sec^[୨]
Elimination half-life	30 to 60 min
Duration of action	5 to 10 min^[୨]
Excretion	Liver
Identifiers
IUPAC name 2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenol
CAS Number	2078-54-8^Y
PubChem CID	4943
DrugBank	DB00818^Y
ChemSpider	4774^Y
UNII	YI7VU623SF
KEGG	D00549^Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:44915^Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL526^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.016.551
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₂H₁₈O
Molar mass	178.271 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES OC1=C(C(C)C)C=CC=C1C(C)C
InChI InChI=1S/C12H18O/c1-8(2)10-6-5-7-11(9(3)4)12(10)13/h5-9,13H,1-4H3^Y Key:OLBCVFGFOZPWHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y
(verify)