ଜାଭା (ପ୍ରୋଗ୍ରାମିଂ ଭାଷା)

Java
ପାରାଡ଼ିଜିମ୍‌	Multi-paradigm: Object-oriented (class-based), structured, imperative, generic, reflective, concurrent
ପ୍ରଥମେ ଦେଖାଯାଇଥିଲା	ମଇ 23, 1995; 29 years ago
ଡିଜାଇନ କରିଥିଲେ	ଗେମ୍ସ ଗସଲିଙ୍ଗ
ବିକାଶକ	Sun Microsystems (now owned by Oracle Corporation)
ଟାଇପିଂ ପଦ୍ଧତି	Static, strong, safe, nominative, manifest
ପ୍ରମୁଖ ବ୍ୟବହାର	OpenJDK, GNU Compiler for Java (GCJ), many others
ଉପଭାଷା	Generic Java, Pizza
ଏହାକୁ ପ୍ରଭାବିତ କରିଛନ୍ତି	Ada 83, C++,C#, Eiffel,Generic Java, Mesa, Oberon, Objective-C, UCSD Pascal, Object Pascal
ଏହା ଦ୍ଵାରା ପ୍ରଭାବିତ ହୋଇଛନ୍ତି	Ada 2005, BeanShell, C#, Chapel, Clojure, ECMAScript, Fantom, Groovy, Hack,<Haxe, J#, JavaScript, Kotlin, PHP, Python, Scala, Seed7, Vala
ସତ୍ତ୍ଵ	GNU General Public License, Java Community Process
ଫାଇଲ ଏକ୍ସଟେନ୍‌ସନ୍	.java , .class, .jar
ୱେବସାଇଟ	java.net
	; Java Programming at Wikibooks;

ଜାଭା ହେଉଛି ଏକ class based object oriented ପ୍ରୋଗ୍ରାମିଂଗ ଭାଷା।^[୮] ଏହି ଭାଷା ମୁଖ୍ୟତଃ Applicationକୁ "write once run anywhere"(WORA) ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ଉନ୍ନତ କରାଯାଇଛି।"write once run anywhere"ର ଅର୍ଥ, compile ହୋଇଥିବା ଜାଭା codeକୁ ଅନ୍ୟ ଯେ କୌଣସି platformରେ ପୁନର୍ବାର compile ନକରି ମଧ୍ୟ ସିଧାସଳଖ run କଲେ ଏହା run ହୋଇପାରିବ।^[୯] ଜାଭା Applicationଗୁଡ଼ିକ compile ହେଲାପରେ ଏହା bytecodeକୁ ପରିଣତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ଏବଂ ଏହି bytecode ଯେକୌଣସି କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର OSର JVM(Java Virtual Machine)ରେ run ହୋଇପାରିବ। ୯୦ ଲକ୍ଷ developerଙ୍କ ମତ ଅନୁସାରେ ଜାଭା ୨୦୧୬ ମସିହା ବେଳକୁ ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଲୋକପ୍ରିୟ ପ୍ରୋଗ୍ରାମିଂ ଭାଷାରେ ପରିଣତ ହୋଇସାରିଥିଲା ଏବଂ ମୁଖ୍ୟତଃ client-server web application ପାଇଁ ଏହାର ବହୁଳ ବ୍ୟବହାର ମଧ୍ୟ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇସାରିଥିଲା।^[୧୦]^[୧୧] ଜାଭାକୁ Sun Microsystemsରେ କାର୍ଯରତ ଜେମ୍ସ ଗସଲିଙ୍ଗ ଉନ୍ନତ କରିଥିଲେ ଓ ୧୯୯୫ରେ release କରିଥିଲେ (ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ Sun Microsystems, Oracle Corporation ଅକ୍ତିଆରରେ ଅଛି)। ଜାଭା ପ୍ରୋଗ୍ରାମିଂ ଭାଷାର ଅନେକ syntaxଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସି (ପ୍ରୋଗ୍ରାମିଂ ଭାଷା) ଓ C++ ପ୍ରୋଗ୍ରାମିଂ ଭାଷାରୁ ଆସିଛି।

ଜାଭା compiler,JVM,class librariesଗୁଡ଼ିକ Sun Microsystems release କରିଥିଲା। Latest version ଜାଭା (Java 9) ୨୦୧୭ ମସିହା ସେପ୍ଟେମ୍ବର ମାସ ୨୧ ତାରିଖରେ release ହୋଇଥିଲା।

ଇତିହାସ

James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton ଜୁନ୍ ୧୯୯୧ ମସିହାରେ ଜାଭା ପ୍ରୋଗ୍ରାମିଂ ଭାଷା ପ୍ରକଳ୍ପ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିଥିଲେ। ଜାଭା ପ୍ରକୃତରେ ଟେଲିଭିଜନ୍ ସହ interact କରିବା ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟରେ ଉନ୍ନତ କରାଯାଉଥିଲା।^[୧୨] ପ୍ରଥମରୁ ଏହି ଭାଷାକୁ "ଓକ୍" କୁହାଯାଉଥିଲା ଏପରି ନାମକରଣର କାରଣ ଜେମ୍ସ ଗସଲିଙ୍ଗଙ୍କ କାର୍ଯାଳୟ ବାହାର ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱରେ ଓକ୍ ଗଛ ଥିଲା ଏହାକୁ ଦେଖି ସେ ଏହି ଭାଷାର ନାମ ଓକ୍ ଦେଇଥିଲେ। ପରେ ଏହି ଭାଷାର ନାମ "ଗ୍ରୀନ" ହେଲା ଓ ପରେ ଜାଭା କଫିକୁ ଦେଖି ଏହାର ନାମ ଜାଭାରେ ପରିଣତ ହେଲା।^[୧୩] system ଓ application programmerମାନଙ୍କୁ ଅସୁବିଧା ନ ହେବା ପାଇଁ ଜେମ୍ସ ଗସଲିଙ୍ଗ ଏହି ଭାଷାର syntaxଗୁଡ଼ିକ "ସି" ଓ "C++" ପ୍ରୋଗ୍ରାମିଂ ଭାଷାର syntax ଅନୁସାରେ ଉନ୍ନତ କରିଛନ୍ତି।

ଆଧାର

↑ Binstock, Andrew (20 May 2015). "Java's 20 Years Of Innovation". Forbes. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
↑ Niklaus Wirth stated on a number of public occasions, e.g. in a lecture at the Polytechnic Museum, Moscow in September, 2005 (several independent first-hand accounts in Russian exist, e.g. one with an audio recording: Filippova, Elena (September 22, 2005). "Niklaus Wirth's lecture at the Polytechnic Museum in Moscow".), that the Sun Java design team licensed the Oberon compiler sources a number of years prior to the release of Java and examined it: a (relative) compactness, type safety, garbage collection, no multiple inheritance for classes – all these key overall design features are shared by Java and Oberon.
↑ Patrick Naughton cites Objective-C as a strong influence on the design of the Java programming language, stating that notable direct derivatives include Java interfaces (derived from Objective-C's protocol) and primitive wrapper classes. [୧]
↑ TechMetrix Research (1999). "History of Java" (PDF). Java Application Servers Report. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-12-29. Retrieved 2016-09-28. The project went ahead under the name "green" and the language was based on an old model of UCSD Pascal, which makes it possible to generate interpretive code
↑ "A Conversation with James Gosling – ACM Queue". Queue.acm.org. 2004-08-31. Retrieved 2010-06-09.
↑ In the summer of 1996, Sun was designing the precursor to what is now the event model of the AWT and the JavaBeans TM component architecture. Borland contributed greatly to this process. We looked very carefully at Delphi Object Pascal and built a working prototype of bound method references in order to understand their interaction with the Java programming language and its APIs.White Paper About Microsoft's "Delegates"
↑ "Chapel spec (Acknowledgements)" (PDF). Cray Inc. 2015-10-01. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-02-05. Retrieved 2016-01-14.
↑ "Java (programming language)". Retrieved 4 February 2018.
↑ "The Java Language Environment". Retrieved 4 February 2018.
↑ "IS JAVA LOSING ITS MOJO?". Retrieved 4 February 2018.
↑ "The RedMonk Programming Language Rankings: January 2015". Retrieved 4 February 2018.
↑ "JAVA TECHNOLOGY: THE EARLY YEARS". Archived from the original on 20 April 2005. Retrieved 4 February 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
↑ "So why did they decide to call it Java?". Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2018.

[1] Binstock, Andrew (20 May 2015). "Java's 20 Years Of Innovation". Forbes. Retrieved 18 March 2016.

[2] Niklaus Wirth stated on a number of public occasions, e.g. in a lecture at the Polytechnic Museum, Moscow in September, 2005 (several independent first-hand accounts in Russian exist, e.g. one with an audio recording: Filippova, Elena (September 22, 2005). "Niklaus Wirth's lecture at the Polytechnic Museum in Moscow".), that the Sun Java design team licensed the Oberon compiler sources a number of years prior to the release of Java and examined it: a (relative) compactness, type safety, garbage collection, no multiple inheritance for classes – all these key overall design features are shared by Java and Oberon.

[3] Patrick Naughton cites Objective-C as a strong influence on the design of the Java programming language, stating that notable direct derivatives include Java interfaces (derived from Objective-C's protocol) and primitive wrapper classes. [୧]

[4] TechMetrix Research (1999). "History of Java" (PDF). Java Application Servers Report. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-12-29. Retrieved 2016-09-28. The project went ahead under the name "green" and the language was based on an old model of UCSD Pascal, which makes it possible to generate interpretive code

[5] "A Conversation with James Gosling – ACM Queue". Queue.acm.org. 2004-08-31. Retrieved 2010-06-09.

[6] In the summer of 1996, Sun was designing the precursor to what is now the event model of the AWT and the JavaBeans TM component architecture. Borland contributed greatly to this process. We looked very carefully at Delphi Object Pascal and built a working prototype of bound method references in order to understand their interaction with the Java programming language and its APIs.White Paper About Microsoft's "Delegates"

[chplspec-7] "Chapel spec (Acknowledgements)" (PDF). Cray Inc. 2015-10-01. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-02-05. Retrieved 2016-01-14.

[8] "Java (programming language)". Retrieved 4 February 2018.

[9] "The Java Language Environment". Retrieved 4 February 2018.

[10] "IS JAVA LOSING ITS MOJO?". Retrieved 4 February 2018.

[11] "The RedMonk Programming Language Rankings: January 2015". Retrieved 4 February 2018.

[12] "JAVA TECHNOLOGY: THE EARLY YEARS". Archived from the original on 20 April 2005. Retrieved 4 February 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

[13] "So why did they decide to call it Java?". Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2018.

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