ଗୁଳିମାଡ଼ କ୍ଷତ

Gunshot wound
Gunshot wound
Gunshot injuries, ballistic trauma, bullet wound, firearm-related injuries
	Male skull showing bullet exit wound on parietal bone, 1950s.
ବିଭାଗ	Trauma surgery
ଲକ୍ଷଣ	Pain, deformity, bleeding
କାରଣ	Guns
ବିପଦ କାରକ	Illegal drug trade, access to firearms, substance misuse including alcohol, mental health problems, firearm laws, social and economic differences
ପ୍ରତିକାର	Firearm laws, safer storage
ଚିକିତ୍ସା	Trauma care
ପୁନଃପୌନିକ	1 million (interpersonal violence in 2015)
ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ସାନ୍ଦ୍ରତା	251,000 (2016)
	[ଉଇକିଡାଟାରେ ବଦଳ କରନ୍ତୁ]

ଗୁଳିମାଡ଼ କ୍ଷତ (ଇଂରାଜୀ ଭାଷାରେ gunshot wound/ GSW ) ବନ୍ଧୁକ ବା ସେହିଭଳି ଅସ୍ତ୍ରଶସ୍ତ୍ରର ଗୁଳିଦ୍ୱାରା ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହେଉଥିବା ଆଘାତକୁ କୁହାଯାଏ ।^[୯] ^[୧୦] ଆଘାତର କ୍ଷୟକ୍ଷତିରେ ରକ୍ତସ୍ରାବ, ଅସ୍ଥି ଭଗ୍ନ, ଅଙ୍ଗ‌ହାନୀ, କ୍ଷତର ସଂକ୍ରମଣ କିମ୍ବା ଶରୀରର କିଛି ଅଂଶ ଚଳାଇବା କ୍ଷମତା ନଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇପାରେ | ^[୨] ଶରୀରରେ ଆଘାତର ସ୍ଥାନ, ଶରୀର ଦେଇ ଯାଉଥିବା ଗୁଳି ପଥ ଏବଂ ଗୁଳିର ପ୍ରକାର ଏବଂ ଗତି ଉପରେ ଶରୀରର କ୍ଷତି ନିର୍ଭର କରେ | ^[୧୧] ଦୀର୍ଘକାଳୀନ ଜଟିଳତାରେ ସୀସା ବିଷକ୍ରିୟା ଏବଂ ଆଘାତୋତ୍ତର ଚାପ ବେମାରୀ (PTSD) ଅନ୍ତର୍ଭୁକ୍ତ ହୋଇପାରେ | ^[୧] ^[୨] ^[୧୨]

ଅସ୍ତ୍ରଶସ୍ତ୍ର ହିଂସା ହାର ଦେଶ ଅନୁସାରେ ଭିନ୍ନ ଭିନ୍ନ ହୋଇଥାଏ | ^[୩] ଏହି କାରଣଗୁଡିକରେ ବେଆଇନ ନିଶାଦ୍ରବ୍ୟ କାରବାର, ଅସ୍ତ୍ରଶସ୍ତ୍ରର ସୁଲଭତା, ମଦ୍ୟପାନ, ନିଶାଦ୍ରବ୍ୟର ଅପବ୍ୟବ‌ହାର, ମାନସିକ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସମସ୍ୟା, ଅସ୍ତ୍ରଶସ୍ତ୍ର ଆଇନ ଏବଂ ସାମାଜିକ ତଥା ଅର୍ଥନୈତିକ ପାର୍ଥକ୍ୟ ଉପରେ ନିର୍ବର କରିପାରେ।^[୩] ^[୪] ଅଧିକ ବନ୍ଧୁକ ଥିବା ସ୍ଥାନରେ ବିବାଦ ପ୍ରାୟ ମୃତ୍ୟୁରେ ଶେଷ ହୁଏ | ^[୧୩]

ଚିକିତ୍ସା ଆରମ୍ଭ ହେବା ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଏହା ଯାଞ୍ଚ କରାଯିବା ଉଚିତ ଯେ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରଟି ସୁରକ୍ଷିତ ଅଟେ | ^[୧୪] ଏହା ପରେ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ରକ୍ତସ୍ରାବ ବନ୍ଦ କରାଯାଏ, ତା’ପରେ ଶ୍ୱାସନଳୀକୁ ଅବରୋଧ ମୁକ୍ତ କରାଯାଏ ଓ ରକ୍ତସଞ୍ଚାଳନ ନିୟମିତ କରାଯାଏ ।^[୧୪] ଅସ୍ତ୍ରଶସ୍ତ୍ର ନିୟମ, ବିଶେଷତଃ ପୃଷ୍ଠଭୂମି ଯାଞ୍ଚ ଏବଂ କ୍ରୟ ପାଇଁ ସଠିକ୍ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କୁ ଅନୁମତି ପ୍ରଦାନ କଲେ ଅସ୍ତ୍ରଶସ୍ତ୍ରରୁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ହେବାର ଆଶଙ୍କା ହ୍ରାସ ପାଏ | ^[୫] ଅସ୍ତ୍ରଶସ୍ତ୍ର ସୁରକ୍ଷିତ ରଖିଲେ ଶିଶୁମାନଙ୍କରେ ଅସ୍ତ୍ରଶସ୍ତ୍ର ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ହେବାର ଆଶଙ୍କା ହ୍ରାସ ହୋଇପାରେ।^[୬]

ପାରସ୍ପରିକ ହିଂସାରୁ ୨୦୧୫ ମସିହାରେ ପ୍ରାୟ ଏକ ନିୟୁତ ବନ୍ଧୁକ ଆଘାତ ହୋଇଥିଲା | ^[୧୫] ୨୦୧୬ ମସିହାରେ, ଅସ୍ତ୍ରଶସ୍ତ୍ର ଯୋଗୁ ବିଶ୍ୱରେ ୨୫୧,୦୦୦ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଘଟିଥିଲା, ଯାହା ୧୯୯୦ରେ ୨୦୯,୦୦୦ ଥିଲା ।^[୩] ଏହି ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ୧୬୧,୦୦୦ (୬୪%) ଆକ୍ରମଣ ଯୋଗୁ, ୬୭,୫୦୦ (୨୭%) ଆତ୍ମହତ୍ୟା ଯୋଗୁ ଏବଂ ୨୩,୦୦୦ (୯%) ଦୁର୍ଘଟଣା ଯୋଗୁ ହୋଇଥିଲା | ^[୩] ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରରେ ୨୦୧୭ରେ ବନ୍ଧୁକ ଯୋଗୁ ପ୍ରାୟ ୪୦,୦୦୦ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଘଟିଥିଲା ।^[୧୬] ୨୦ରୁ ୨୪ ବର୍ଷ ବୟସର ପୁରୁଷମାନଙ୍କର ଅସ୍ତ୍ରଶସ୍ତ୍ର ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ସାଧାରଣତଃ ଅଧିକ ଦେଖାଯାଏ | ^[୩] ଗୁଳି ବିନିମୟ ଯୋଗୁ ଆର୍ଥିକ ଖର୍ଚ୍ଚ ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରରେ ବର୍ଷକୁ ୧୪୦ ବିଲିୟନ ଆମେରିକୀୟ ଡଲାର ହୁଏ ବୋଲି ଆକଳନ କରାଯାଇଛି।^[୧୭]

ଆଧାର

↑ ^୧.୦ ^୧.୧ "Gun Shot Wounds - Trauma - Orthobullets". www.orthobullets.com. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
↑ ^୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ "Gunshot wounds - aftercare: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Retrieved 13 July 2019.
↑ ^୩.୦ ^୩.୧ ^୩.୨ ^୩.୩ ^୩.୪ ^୩.୫ ^୩.୬ Global Burden of Disease 2016 Injury, Collaborators.; Naghavi, M; Marczak, LB (28 August 2018). "Global Mortality From Firearms, 1990-2016". JAMA. 320 (8): 792–814. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10060. PMC 6143020. PMID 30167700. {{cite journal}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
↑ ^୪.୦ ^୪.୧ Branas, CC; Han, S; Wiebe, DJ (2016). "Alcohol Use and Firearm Violence". Epidemiologic Reviews. 38 (1): 32–45. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxv010. PMC 4762248. PMID 26811427.
↑ ^୫.୦ ^୫.୧ Lee, LK; Fleegler, EW; Farrell, C; Avakame, E; Srinivasan, S; Hemenway, D; Monuteaux, MC (1 January 2017). "Firearm Laws and Firearm Homicides: A Systematic Review". JAMA Internal Medicine. 177 (1): 106–119. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.7051. PMID 27842178.
↑ ^୬.୦ ^୬.୧ Santaella-Tenorio, J; Cerdá, M; Villaveces, A; Galea, S (2016). "What Do We Know About the Association Between Firearm Legislation and Firearm-Related Injuries?". Epidemiologic Reviews. 38 (1): 140–57. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxv012. PMC 6283012. PMID 26905895.
↑ Breeze, John; Penn-Barwell, Jowan G.; Keene, Damian; O'Reilly, David; Jeyanathan, Jeyasankar; Mahoney, Peter F. (2017). Ballistic Trauma: A Practical Guide (in ଇଂରାଜୀ) (4 ed.). Springer. p. 75. ISBN 9783319613642.
↑ GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282. {{cite journal}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
↑ "Gunshot wound definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary". www.collinsdictionary.com (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Retrieved 13 July 2019.
↑ "Gunshot Injuries; Gunshot wounds (GSW) information". patient.info (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Retrieved 13 July 2019.
↑ "Gunshot Injuries; Gunshot wounds (GSW) information". patient.info (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Retrieved 13 July 2019.
↑ Aaron, DL; Fadale, PD; Harrington, CJ; Born, CT (May 2011). "Posttraumatic stress disorders in civilian orthopaedics". The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 19 (5): 245–50. doi:10.5435/00124635-201105000-00001. PMID 21536623.
↑ Cukier, W; Eagen, SA (February 2018). "Gun violence". Current Opinion in Psychology. 19: 109–112. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.04.008. PMID 29279206.
↑ ^୧୪.୦ ^୧୪.୧ ଆଧାର ଭୁଲ: ଅଚଳ <ref> ଚିହ୍ନ; Bre2017 ନାମରେ ଥିବା ଆଧାର ଭିତରେ କିଛି ଲେଖା ନାହିଁ ।
↑ ଆଧାର ଭୁଲ: ଅଚଳ <ref> ଚିହ୍ନ; GBD2015Pre ନାମରେ ଥିବା ଆଧାର ଭିତରେ କିଛି ଲେଖା ନାହିଁ ।
↑ McLean, Robert M.; Harris, Patrice; Cullen, John; Maier, Ronald V.; Yasuda, Kyle E.; Schwartz, Bruce J.; Benjamin, Georges C. (7 August 2019). "Firearm-Related Injury and Death in the United States: A Call to Action From the Nation's Leading Physician and Public Health Professional Organizations". Annals of Internal Medicine. 171: 573. doi:10.7326/M19-2441. PMID 31390463.
↑ Rhee, PM; Moore, EE; Joseph, B; Tang, A; Pandit, V; Vercruysse, G (June 2016). "Gunshot wounds: A review of ballistics, bullets, weapons, and myths". The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 80 (6): 853–67. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000001037. PMID 26982703.

[Ortho2019-1] ୧.୦ ^୧.୧ "Gun Shot Wounds - Trauma - Orthobullets". www.orthobullets.com. Retrieved 13 July 2019.

[ADAM2019-2] ୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ "Gunshot wounds - aftercare: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Retrieved 13 July 2019.

[GBD2016-3] ୩.୦ ^୩.୧ ^୩.୨ ^୩.୩ ^୩.୪ ^୩.୫ ^୩.୬ Global Burden of Disease 2016 Injury, Collaborators.; Naghavi, M; Marczak, LB (28 August 2018). "Global Mortality From Firearms, 1990-2016". JAMA. 320 (8): 792–814. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10060. PMC 6143020. PMID 30167700. {{cite journal}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[Bra2016-4] ୪.୦ ^୪.୧ Branas, CC; Han, S; Wiebe, DJ (2016). "Alcohol Use and Firearm Violence". Epidemiologic Reviews. 38 (1): 32–45. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxv010. PMC 4762248. PMID 26811427.

[Lee2017-5] ୫.୦ ^୫.୧ Lee, LK; Fleegler, EW; Farrell, C; Avakame, E; Srinivasan, S; Hemenway, D; Monuteaux, MC (1 January 2017). "Firearm Laws and Firearm Homicides: A Systematic Review". JAMA Internal Medicine. 177 (1): 106–119. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.7051. PMID 27842178.

[San2016-6] ୬.୦ ^୬.୧ Santaella-Tenorio, J; Cerdá, M; Villaveces, A; Galea, S (2016). "What Do We Know About the Association Between Firearm Legislation and Firearm-Related Injuries?". Epidemiologic Reviews. 38 (1): 140–57. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxv012. PMC 6283012. PMID 26905895.

[autogen3-7] Breeze, John; Penn-Barwell, Jowan G.; Keene, Damian; O'Reilly, David; Jeyanathan, Jeyasankar; Mahoney, Peter F. (2017). Ballistic Trauma: A Practical Guide (in ଇଂରାଜୀ) (4 ed.). Springer. p. 75. ISBN 9783319613642.

[autogen2-8] GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282. {{cite journal}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[9] "Gunshot wound definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary". www.collinsdictionary.com (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Retrieved 13 July 2019.

[Pt2019-10] "Gunshot Injuries; Gunshot wounds (GSW) information". patient.info (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Retrieved 13 July 2019.

[autogen1-11] "Gunshot Injuries; Gunshot wounds (GSW) information". patient.info (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Retrieved 13 July 2019.

[12] Aaron, DL; Fadale, PD; Harrington, CJ; Born, CT (May 2011). "Posttraumatic stress disorders in civilian orthopaedics". The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 19 (5): 245–50. doi:10.5435/00124635-201105000-00001. PMID 21536623.

[13] Cukier, W; Eagen, SA (February 2018). "Gun violence". Current Opinion in Psychology. 19: 109–112. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.04.008. PMID 29279206.

[Bre2017-14] ୧୪.୦ ^୧୪.୧ ଆଧାର ଭୁଲ: ଅଚଳ <ref> ଚିହ୍ନ; Bre2017 ନାମରେ ଥିବା ଆଧାର ଭିତରେ କିଛି ଲେଖା ନାହିଁ ।

[GBD2015Pre-15] ଆଧାର ଭୁଲ: ଅଚଳ <ref> ଚିହ୍ନ; GBD2015Pre ନାମରେ ଥିବା ଆଧାର ଭିତରେ କିଛି ଲେଖା ନାହିଁ ।

[AIM2019-16] McLean, Robert M.; Harris, Patrice; Cullen, John; Maier, Ronald V.; Yasuda, Kyle E.; Schwartz, Bruce J.; Benjamin, Georges C. (7 August 2019). "Firearm-Related Injury and Death in the United States: A Call to Action From the Nation's Leading Physician and Public Health Professional Organizations". Annals of Internal Medicine. 171: 573. doi:10.7326/M19-2441. PMID 31390463.

[17] Rhee, PM; Moore, EE; Joseph, B; Tang, A; Pandit, V; Vercruysse, G (June 2016). "Gunshot wounds: A review of ballistics, bullets, weapons, and myths". The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 80 (6): 853–67. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000001037. PMID 26982703.

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