ଅକ୍ଷର କଳା
ଅକ୍ଷର କଳା ବା ଟାଇପୋଗ୍ରାଫି (ଗ୍ରୀକ ଶବ୍ଦ τύπος(ଟାଇପୋସ/typos) = ଆଧାର/ରୂପ ଓ γραφή(ଗ୍ରାଫି/graphy) = ଲେଖନ) ଟାଇପସଜାଣି ପ୍ରକାରର କଲା ଓ କାରିଗରିକୁ ବୁଝାଇଥାଏ । ଏହି ସଜାଣି ଟାଇପଫେସ ବଛା, ବିନ୍ଦୁ ଆକାର, ଧାଡ଼ି ଲମ୍ଚ, ଲିଡ଼ିଙ୍ଗ (ଧାଡ଼ି ସ୍ପେସିଙ୍ଗ), ଅକ୍ଷର ଧାଡ଼ି ଭିତରେ ଥିବା ଖାଲି ଜାଗା ସଜାଣି (ଟ୍ରାକିଙ୍ଗ) ଓ ଅକ୍ଷରଯୋଡ଼ା ଭିତରେ ଥିବା ଖାଲି ଜାଗା ସଜାଣି (କର୍ଣ୍ଣିଙ୍ଗ) ଆଦିକୁ ବୁଝାଇଥାଏ। ଟାଇପ ଡିଜାଇନ ଏକ ପ୍ରକାରର ହାତକାମ, ଯାହାକୁ କେହି କେହି ଅଲଗା ଓ କେହି କେହି ଅକ୍ଷର କଳା ବା ତାଇପୋଗ୍ରାଫିର ଏକ ଭାଗ ମନେକରିଥାନ୍ତି; ଅଧିକାଂଶ ଟାଇପକାର ଟାଇପଫେସ ତିଆରି କରିନଥାନ୍ତି ଓ କେତେକ ଟାଇପ ଡିଜାଇନର ନିଜକୁ ଟାଇପୋଗ୍ରାଫର ମନେକରି ନଥାନ୍ତି ।[୨][୩]
- ଡାକଟିକେଟ ସଙ୍ଗ୍ରହରେ "ଟାଇପୋଗ୍ରାଫି, ବିଶେଷ କରି ୧୯ଶ ଶତକର ଡାକଟିକେଟରେ ଏହା ଛାପାଖାନା ଛପାକୁ ବୁଝାଇଥାଏ । [୧]
ଇତିହାସ
ସମ୍ପାଦନାଆରମ୍ଭ
ସମ୍ପାଦନାଅକ୍ଷର କଳା
ସମ୍ପାଦନାରଙ୍ଗ
ସମ୍ପାଦନାପଠନ ଓ ଦେଖଣା ଯୋଗ୍ୟ
ସମ୍ପାଦନାପରୀକ୍ଷାମୂଳକ ଅକ୍ଷରକଳା
ସମ୍ପାଦନାଦେଖଣା ଅକ୍ଷର କଳା
ସମ୍ପାଦନାପ୍ରଚାର
ସମ୍ପାଦନାଅନୁଶାସନ ଓ ପ୍ରତ୍ନତତ୍ତ୍ୱ ଅକ୍ଷରକଳା
ସମ୍ପାଦନାଆହୁରି ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ
ସମ୍ପାଦନାସହାୟକ ସଙ୍ଗଠନ
ସମ୍ପାଦନାଟୀକା
ସମ୍ପାଦନା- ↑ James E. Kloetzel, ed. (2010). Scott 2011 Classic Specialized Catalogue of Stamps & Cover 1840–1940 (17 ed.). Sidney, Ohio: Scott Publishing. p. 34A. ISBN 0-89487-455-1.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Pipes, Alan. Production For Graphic Designers 2nd Edition, Page 40: Prentice Hall Inc 1997
- ↑ John Berry, Being a Typographer
ଆଧାର
ସମ୍ପାଦନା- ASTM International D7298 Standard Test Method of Comparative Legibility by Means of Polarizing Filter Instrumentation
- Brekle, Herbert E. (1997), "Das typographische Prinzip. Versuch einer Begriffsklärung", Gutenberg-Jahrbuch, 72: 58–63
- Brekle, Herbert E. (2005), Die Prüfeninger Weihinschrift von 1119. Eine paläographisch-typographische Untersuchung (brief summary), Regensburg: Scriptorium Verlag für Kultur und Wissenschaft, ISBN 3-937527-06-0
- Brekle, Herbert E. (2010), "Herstellungstechniken von Inschriften auf römischen Wasserleitungsrohren aus Blei", in Hanneforth, Thomas; Fanselow, Gisbert (eds.), Language and Logos. Festschrift for Peter Staudacher on his 70th birthday, Berlin: Akademie Verlag, pp. 1–20
- Ch'on Hye-bong: "Typography in Korea", Koreana, Vol. 7, No. 2 (1993), pp. 10–19
- Bringhurst, Robert (2002). The Elements of Typographic Style (version 2.5). Vancouver: Hartley & Marks. ISBN 0-88179-133-4. Often referred to simply as "Bringhurst", Elements is widely respected as the current authority on typographic style for Latin typography. (excerpts). Well-paired with Tschichold's The Form of the Book, below, from the same publisher.
- Eisenstein, Elizabeth L. (1980), The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29955-1
- Febvre, Lucien; Martin, Henri-Jean (1997), The Coming of the Book: The Impact of Printing 1450–1800, London: Verso, ISBN 1-85984-108-2
- Heller, Steven and Meggs, Philip B. Texts on Type: Critical Writings on Typography (c) 2001, Allworth Press, Allworth Communications, New York. ISBN 1-58115-082-2. A compilation of over fifty texts on the history, practice, and aesthetics of type design and typography.
- Hodge, A. Trevor (1992), Roman Aqueducts & Water Supply, London: Duckworth, ISBN 0-7156-2194-7
- Hupp, Otto (1906), "Die Prüfeninger Weiheinschrift von 1119", Studien aus Kunst und Geschichte, Festschrift für Friedrich Schneider, Freiburg i. Br.: Herder
- Koch, Walter (1994), Literaturbericht zur mittelalterlichen und neuzeitlichen Epigraphik (1985–1991), Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Hilfsmittel, vol. 14, München, p. 213, ISBN 978-3886121144
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Lanciani, R.: "Topografia di Roma antica. I commentarii di Frontino intorno le acque e gli acquedotti. Silloge epigrafica aquaria", in: Memorie della Reale Accademia dei Lincei, Serie III, Volume IV, Classe di Scienze Morali, Rom 1881 (Reprint: Quasar publishing house, 1975), pp. 215–616
- Lehmann-Haupt, Hellmut (1940), "Englische Holzstempelalphabete des XIII. Jahrhunderts", Gutenberg-Jahrbuch: 93–97
- Lipinsky, Angelo (1986), "La pala argentea del Patriarca Pellegrino nella Collegiata di Cividale e le sue iscrizioni con caratteri mobili", Ateneo Veneto, 24: 75–80
- Man, John (2002), The Gutenberg Revolution: The Story of a Genius and an Invention that Changed the World, London: Headline Review, ISBN 978-0747245049
- McLuhan, Marshall (1962), The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man (1st ed.), University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-0802060419
- Pace, Pietrantonio (1986), Gli acquedotti di Roma e il Aquaeductu di Frontino (2nd ed.), Rome: Art Studio S. Eligio
- Tracy, Walter Letters of Credit 1986 Gordon Fraser
- Tschichold, Jan (1991). The Form of the Book: Essays on the Morality of Good Design. Vancouver: Hartley & Marks. ISBN 978-0-88179-034-4. A comprehensive collection of essays on the typographic art. A more classic companion to Bringhust, above.
- Lexique des règles typographiques en usage à l'Imprimerie nationale, French: Imprimerie nationale, 2002, ISBN 2-7433-0482-0 for French typography.
- Swanson, Gunnar Graphic Design and Reading: explorations of an uneasy relationship (c) 2000, Allworth Press, Allworth Communications, New York. ISBN 1-58115-063-6. The Crystal Goblet, or Printing Should Be Invisible Beatrice Warde; Improving the Tool Hrant H. Papazian.
- Alexander Lawson, Anatomy of a Typeface, first published in 1990, devotes entire chapters to the development and uses of individual or small groupings of typefaces. ISBN 978-0-87923-333-4
- White, Alex W. (1999). Type in Use – Effective typography for electronic publishing (version 2.0). W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York. ISBN 0-393-73034-4 (pbk).
- Martínez de Sousa, José, Manual de estilo de la lengua española, 3.ª ed., Gijón: Trea, 2007. For Spanish typography.
- —, Ortografía y ortotipografía del español actual, 2.ª ed., Gijón: Trea, 2008. For Spanish typography.
- Mestres, Josep M.; Costa, Joan; Oliva, Mireia; Fité, Ricard. Manual d'estil. La redacció i l'edició de textos. 4a ed., rev. i ampl. Vic / Barcelona: Eumo / UB / UPF / Rosa Sensat, 2009. For Catalan typography.
- Pujol, J. M., i Solà, Joan: Ortotipografia. Manual de l'author, l'autoeditor i el dissenyador gràfic, 2a ed., rev. Barcelona: Columna, 2000. For Catalan typography.
- Gill, Eric (2000) [1931]. An Essay on Typography. David R Godine. p. 188. ISBN 0879239506.
ଅଧିକ ତଥ୍ୟ
ସମ୍ପାଦନା
ଉଇକିମିଡ଼ିଆ କମନ୍ସରେ typography
ବାବଦରେ ମାଧ୍ୟମ ରହିଛି ।
typography ଶବ୍ଦଟି ଉଇକି ଅଭିଧାନରେ ଖୋଜନ୍ତୁ ।
- AIGA typography articles Archived 2007-04-30 at Archive.is – Articles and interviews relating to typography from AIGA's Voice section.
- Decode Unicode – A wiki with all 98,884 Unicode characters, including full text search capability.
- Luc Devroye's typography pages Archived 2010-04-02 at the Wayback Machine. – Large list of typography and font resources
- Type-Culture Academic Resource Archived 2010-04-12 at the Wayback Machine. – Educational resources, including documentary videos about typography.
- Typography and the Invisible Goblet in Graphic Design Archived 2012-01-11 at the Wayback Machine. – Online essay.
- Typography from Vancouver film school – A short 2-minute infographic video explaining what Typography is.
- Examples of incunabula styles in McCune Collection
- Baseline magazine – A magazine for people interested in type, typography, graphic design and art related themes.
- I Love Typography.com – A typography- and font-centered blog.
- NYC Type – Daily photographs taken of interesting typography around NYC.
- Typedesk – An online journal of typography and graphic communication.
 | ଏହି ପ୍ରସଙ୍ଗଟି ଅସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଅଟେ । ଆପଣ ଏହାକୁ ସଂପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କରି ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆକୁ ସମୃଦ୍ଧ କରିପାରିବେ । |