ଫେଣ୍ଟାନିଲ

ଫେଣ୍ଟାନିଲ
Clinical data
Trade names	Actiq, Duragesic, Fentora, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
data	EU EMA: yes;
Pregnancy; category	AU: C ; US: C (Risk not ruled out) ; ;
Dependence; liability	Very high
Routes of; administration	Buccal, epidural, IM, IT, IV, sublingual, skin patch
Drug class	Opioid
ATC code	N01AH01 (WHO) N02AB03;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S8 (Controlled) ; CA: Schedule I ; DE: Anlage III (Prescription only) ; UK: Class A ; US: Schedule II ;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	92% (transdermal); 89% (intranasal); 50% (buccal); 33% (ingestion)
Protein binding	80–85%
Metabolism	hepatic, primarily by CYP3A4
Onset of action	5 minutes
Elimination half-life	IV: 6 mins (T1/2 α); 1 hours (T1/2 β); 16 hours (T1/2 ɣ); Intranasal: 6.5 hours; Transdermal: 20–27 hours; Sublingual/buccal (single dose): 2.6–13.5 hours
Duration of action	IV: 30–60 minutes
Excretion	Mostly urinary (metabolites, <10% unchanged drug)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name N-(1-(2-Phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl)-N-phenylpropanamide;
CAS Number	437-38-7 ;
PubChem CID	3345;
IUPHAR/BPS	1626;
DrugBank	DB00813 ;
ChemSpider	3228 ;
UNII	UF599785JZ;
KEGG	D00320 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:119915 ;
ChEMBL	CHEMBL596 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.006.468
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C22H28N2O
Molar mass	336.471 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Melting point	87.5 °C (189.5 °F)
	SMILES O=C(CC)N(C1CCN(CC1)CCc2ccccc2)c3ccccc3;
	InChI InChI=1S/C22H28N2O/c1-2-22(25)24(20-11-7-4-8-12-20)21-14-17-23(18-15-21)16-13-19-9-5-3-6-10-19/h3-12,21H,2,13-18H2,1H3 ; Key:PJMPHNIQZUBGLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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ଫେଣ୍ଟାନିଲ (ଇଂରାଜୀ ଭାଷାରେ Fentanyl, also spelled fentanil) ଏକ ଓପିଅଏଡ ଔଷଧ ଯାହା ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ନିବାରକ ଔଷଧ (pain medication) ଭାବରେ ଓ ନିଶ୍ଚେତକ (anesthesia) ଦେବା ସମୟରେ ବ୍ୟବ‌ହୃତ ହୁଏ ।^[୨] ବେନିୟମ ଭାବରେ ଫେଣ୍ଟାନିଲ ମଧ୍ୟ ତିଆରି ହୋଇ ଆମୋଦ‌ ଦାୟକ ଔଷଧ (recreational drug) ଭାବରେ ହିରୋଇନ (heroin) ବା କୋକେନ (cocaine) ସାଥୀରେ ବ୍ୟବ‌ହାର କରାଯାଏ ।^[୪] ଏହାର ପ୍ରଭାବ ଶୀଘ୍ର ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇ ୧/୨ ଘଣ୍ଟା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ରହେ ।^[୨] ଏହି ଔଷଧ ପାଟିରେ, ଇଞ୍ଜେକସନ (injection) ଆକାରରେ ଚର୍ମରେ (patch on the skin) ବା ନାକ ସ୍ପ୍ରେ (nasal spray) ଆକାରରେ ଦିଆଯାଏ । ^[୨]

ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ବାନ୍ତି (vomiting), କୋଷ୍ଠକାଠିନ୍ୟ, ଦ୍ୱନ୍ଦ୍ୱ, ହାଲୁସିନେସନ (hallucinations), ପ୍ରଶାନ୍ତି ଓ ଦୁର୍ବଳ ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ ଯୋଗୁ ଆଘାତ ପାଇବା ଆଦି ହୋଇପାରେ ।^[୨]^[୫] ସାଂଘାତିକ ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ସ୍ୱଳ୍ପ ଶ୍ୱାସକ୍ରିୟା (decreased breathing), ସେରୋଟୋନିନ ସିଣ୍ଡ୍ରୋମ (serotonin syndrome), ନିମ୍ନ ରକ୍ତଚାପ (low blood pressure), ନିଶାଗ୍ରସ୍ତ ଓ କୋମା (coma) ହୋଇପାରେ ।^[୨]^[୫] ସନ ୨୦୧୬ରେ ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର ଆମେରିକାରେ ମାତ୍ରାଧିକ ଫେଣ୍ଟାନିଲ ଓ ଫେଣ୍ଟାନିଲ ଅନାଲଗ (fentanyl analogues) ସେବନ ଯୋଗୁ ୨୦,୦୦୦ ଲୋକ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ବରଣ କରିଥିଲେ ।^[୬]^[୭] ଓପିଅଏଡ (μ-opioid) ରିସେପ୍ଟରକୁ ଉତ୍ତେଜିତ କରି ଫେଣ୍ଟାନିଲ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକ୍ଷମ ହୁଏ । ^[୨] ମର୍ଫିନ ଅପେକ୍ଷା ଫେଣ୍ଟାନିଲ ୧୦୦ ଗୁଣ ଓ କାର୍ଫେଣ୍ଟାନିଲ (‌carfentanil) ୧୦,୦୦୦ ଗୁଣ ଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ । ^[୮] }}

ଆଧାର

↑ ^୧.୦ ^୧.୧ Clinically Oriented Pharmacology (2 ed.). Quick Review of Pharmacology. 2010. p. 172.
↑ ^୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ ^୨.୩ ^୨.୪ ^୨.୫ ^୨.୬ ^୨.୭ ^୨.୮ "Fentanyl, Fentanyl Citrate, Fentanyl Hydrochloride". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 14 ଡିସେମ୍ବର 2017. Retrieved 8 ଡିସେମ୍ବର 2017.
↑ "Guideline for administration of fentanyl for pain relief in labour" (PDF). RCP. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 ମାର୍ଚ୍ଚ 2016. Retrieved 7 ଅକ୍ଟୋବର 2015. Onset of action after IV administration of Fentanyl is 3–5 minutes; duration of action is 30–60 minutes.
↑ "Fentanyl Drug Overdose". CDC Injury Center (in ଆମେରିକୀୟ ଇଂରାଜୀ). 29 ଅଗଷ୍ଟ 2017. Archived from the original on 15 ଡିସେମ୍ବର 2017. Retrieved 14 ଡିସେମ୍ବର 2017.
↑ ^୫.୦ ^୫.୧ "Fentanyl Side Effects in Detail - Drugs.com". Drugs.com (in ଆମେରିକୀୟ ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 2018-06-16. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
↑ "Overdose Death Rates". National Institute on Drug Abuse. 15 ସେପ୍ଟେମ୍ବର 2017. Archived from the original on 13 ଡିସେମ୍ବର 2017. Retrieved 14 ଡିସେମ୍ବର 2017.
↑ "Nearly half of opioid-related overdose deaths involve fentanyl". National Institute on Drug Abuse. 2018-05-01. Archived from the original on 2018-06-14. Retrieved 2018-06-14.
↑ "Commission on Narcotic Drugs takes decisive step to help prevent deadly fentanyl overdoses". Commission on Narcotic Drugs, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 16 ମାର୍ଚ୍ଚ 2017. Archived from the original on 20 ମାର୍ଚ୍ଚ 2017. Retrieved 19 ମାର୍ଚ୍ଚ 2017.

[Cl2010-1] ୧.୦ ^୧.୧ Clinically Oriented Pharmacology (2 ed.). Quick Review of Pharmacology. 2010. p. 172.

[AHFS2017-2] ୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ ^୨.୩ ^୨.୪ ^୨.୫ ^୨.୬ ^୨.୭ ^୨.୮ "Fentanyl, Fentanyl Citrate, Fentanyl Hydrochloride". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 14 ଡିସେମ୍ବର 2017. Retrieved 8 ଡିସେମ୍ବର 2017.

[3] "Guideline for administration of fentanyl for pain relief in labour" (PDF). RCP. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 ମାର୍ଚ୍ଚ 2016. Retrieved 7 ଅକ୍ଟୋବର 2015. Onset of action after IV administration of Fentanyl is 3–5 minutes; duration of action is 30–60 minutes.

[4] "Fentanyl Drug Overdose". CDC Injury Center (in ଆମେରିକୀୟ ଇଂରାଜୀ). 29 ଅଗଷ୍ଟ 2017. Archived from the original on 15 ଡିସେମ୍ବର 2017. Retrieved 14 ଡିସେମ୍ବର 2017.

[SFX2018-5] ୫.୦ ^୫.୧ "Fentanyl Side Effects in Detail - Drugs.com". Drugs.com (in ଆମେରିକୀୟ ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 2018-06-16. Retrieved 2018-06-16.

[NIDA2017-6] "Overdose Death Rates". National Institute on Drug Abuse. 15 ସେପ୍ଟେମ୍ବର 2017. Archived from the original on 13 ଡିସେମ୍ବର 2017. Retrieved 14 ଡିସେମ୍ବର 2017.

[7] "Nearly half of opioid-related overdose deaths involve fentanyl". National Institute on Drug Abuse. 2018-05-01. Archived from the original on 2018-06-14. Retrieved 2018-06-14.

[UN2017CND-8] "Commission on Narcotic Drugs takes decisive step to help prevent deadly fentanyl overdoses". Commission on Narcotic Drugs, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 16 ମାର୍ଚ୍ଚ 2017. Archived from the original on 20 ମାର୍ଚ୍ଚ 2017. Retrieved 19 ମାର୍ଚ୍ଚ 2017.

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