ହୃଦରକ୍ତନାଳୀ ରୋଗ

ହୃଦରକ୍ତନାଳୀ ରୋଗ
ହୃଦରକ୍ତନାଳୀ ରୋଗ
	ଗୋଟିଏ ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡର ମାଇକ୍ରୋଗ୍ରାଫରେ (Micrograph) ତନ୍ତୁମୟତା (fibrosis) (ହଳଦିଆ) ଓ ଆମିଲଏଡୋସିସ (amyloidosis) (ମାଟିଆ) ଦେଖାଯାଉଛି । ମୋଭାଟ ସ୍ଟେନ Movat's stain.
ଶ୍ରେଣୀବିଭାଗ ଓ ବାହାର ସ୍ରୋତ
ସ୍ପେଶାଲିଟି	cardiology[*]
ଆଇସିଡ଼ି-୧୦	I51.6
ଆଇସିଡ଼ି-୯-ସିଏମ୍	429.2
ରୋଗ ଡାଟାବେସ	28808
MeSH	D002318
	[ଉଇକିଡାଟାରେ ବଦଳ କରନ୍ତୁ]

ହୃଦରକ୍ତନଳୀ ରୋଗ ବା ସିଭିଡି (ଇଂରାଜୀରେ Cardiovascular disease କିମ୍ବା CVD) ଏକ ରୋଗ ଶ୍ରେଣୀ ରୋଗ ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡ ଓ ରକ୍ତନଳୀ ରୋଗ‌ଗ୍ରସ୍ତ ହୋଇଥାଏ । ^[୧] ସିଭିଡି ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟର ରୋଗଙ୍କର ନାମ: ଇସ୍କେମିକ ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡ ରୋଗ ବା ଆଇ.ଏଚ.ଡି. (ischemic heart disease), ସ୍ଟ୍ରୋକ, ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡ ରୋଗ, ରିଉମାଟିକ୍ ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡ ରୋଗ (ଆର.ଏଚ.ଡି.), ଆଓର୍ଟିକ ଆନିଉରିଜ୍ମ, କାର୍ଡ଼ିଓମାୟୋପାଥି, ଆଟ୍ରିଆଲ ଫିବ୍ରିଲେସନ, ଜନ୍ମଗତ ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡ ରୋଗ, ଏଣ୍ଡୋକାର୍ଡ଼ାଇଟିସ ଓ ପେରିଫେରାଲ ଧମନୀ ରୋଗ (ପି.ଏ.ଡି.) ଇତ୍ୟାଦି । ^[୧]^[୨] ସାଧାରଣତଃ ହୃଦପିଣ୍ଡ ଠିକ ଭାବରେ କାମ ନ କଲେ ତାହାକୁ ହୃଦ୍‌ରୋଗ ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଏ । କେତେଜଣ ଛୁଆ ଜନ୍ମରୁ ହୃଦ୍‌ରୋଗରେ ଆକ୍ରାନ୍ତ ହୁଅନ୍ତି । ତାହାକୁ ଆଜନ୍ମ (congenital) ହୃଦ୍‌ରୋଗ ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଏ । ଯଦି ପର ମୂହୁର୍ତ୍ତରେ ଏହି ରୋଗ ହୋଇଥାଏ ତାହାକୁ ଆକ୍ୱାୟାର୍ଡ଼ (acquired) ହୃଦ୍‌ରୋଗ ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଏ ।

ରୋଗର ପ୍ରକାର ଉପରେ ଅନ୍ତର୍ନିହିତ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକାରୀତା ନିର୍ଭର କରେ । ଆଇ.ଏଚ.ଡି., ସ୍ଟ୍ରୋକ ଓ ପି.ଏ.ଡି. ରୋଗରେ ଆଥେରୋସ୍କ୍ଲେରୋସିସ ଥାଏ । ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପ, ଧୂମ୍ରପାନ, ଡାଏବେଟିସ ମେଲିଟସ, ବ୍ୟାୟାମ ଅଭାବ, ମୋଟାପଣ, ଅଧିକ ରକ୍ତ କୋଲେସ୍ଟେରଲ, ଖାଦ୍ୟାଭାବ, ଅଧିକ ମଦ୍ୟପାନ ଯୋଗୁ ଏହା ହୋଇପାରେ । ସିଭିଡି ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପ ଯୋଗୁ ୧୩ %, ଧୂମ୍ରପାନ ଯୋଗୁ ୯ %, ଡାଏବେଟିସ ଯୋଗୁ ୬ %, ଓ ମୋଟାପଣ ଯୋଗୁ ୫ % ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ହୁଏ । ଅଣଚିକିତ୍ସିତ ଗଳା ସଂକ୍ରମଣ ଯୋଗୁ ଆର.ଏଚ.ଡି. ରୋଗ ହୋଇପାରେ । ^[୧] ସ୍ଟ୍ରେପ୍ଟୋକୋକାଲ ଫାରିଞ୍ଜାଇଟିସ ରୋଗ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ନ ପାଇଲେ ରିଉମାଟିକ ହୃଦରୋଗକୁ ଗତି କରେ ।

ହିସାବରୁ ଜଣାଯାଏ, ସମୁଦାୟ ସିଭିଡି ରୋଗର ୯୦ % ପ୍ରତିଷେଧ କରାଯାଇ ପାରିବ । ^[୩] ଆଥେରୋସ୍କ୍ଲେରୋସିସ ରୋଗକୁ ଏହାର ସଙ୍କଟଦାୟୀ କାରକମାନଙ୍କୁ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟପ୍ରଦ ଖାଦ୍ୟ ତ‌ଥା ବ୍ୟାୟାମ ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ରୋକି ହେବ ଓ ଧୁମ୍ରପାନ ତ‌ଥା ମଦ୍ୟପାନ ନ କରି ରୋକାଯାଇ ପାରିବ । ^[୧] ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପ ଓ ଡାଏବେଟିସ ରୋଗୀଙ୍କର ଚିକିତ୍ସା ମଧ୍ୟ ଫଳପ୍ରଦ ହୁଏ । ^[୧] ତଣ୍ଟି ସଂକ୍ରମଣ ରୋଗ ହେଲେ ଆଣ୍ଟିବାୟୋଟିକ ଦେଇ ରିଉମାଟିକ୍ ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡ ରୋଗ ରୋକି ହେବ । ^[୪] ସୁସ୍ଥ ଲୋକ ଉପରେ ଆସ୍ପିରିନ ଗ୍ରହଣର ଉପକାରୀତା ସିଦ୍ଧ ହୋଇ ନାହିଁ । ^[୫]^[୬] ମହିଳା ୫୫ ବର୍ଷରୁ କମ ଓ ପୁରୁଷ ୪୫ ବର୍ଷରୁ କମ ଥିଲେ ଏହାର ବ୍ୟବ‌ହାର ଉପ‌ଯୋଗୀତାକୁ ୟୁ.ପି.ଏସ.ଟି.ଏଫ. (USPSTF) ସୁପାରିସ କରୁନାହାନ୍ତି କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହାଠାରୁ ଅଧିକ ବୟସରେ ଦେବାକୁ ସୁପାରିସ କରାଯାଉଛି । ^[୭] ସିଭିଡି ରୋଗର ଚିକିତ୍ସା କଲେ ମଧ୍ୟ ସୁଫଳ ମିଳେ । ^[୧]

ସାରା ପୃଥିବୀରେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁର କାରଣ ରୂପରେ ହୃଦରକ୍ତନଳୀ ରୋଗ ମୂଖ୍ୟ ଭୂମିକା ନେଇଛି । ^[୧] ଆଫ୍ରିକା ବ୍ୟତୀତ ପୃଥିବୀର ଅନ୍ୟତ୍ର ଏହାର ସତ୍ୟତା ରହିଛି । ^[୧] ଏହା ଯୋଗୁ ସନ ୧୯୯୦ରେ ୧୨.୩ ନିୟୁତ (୨୫.୮ %) ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ହୋଇଥିଲା ବେଳେ ସନ ୨୦୧୩ରେ ବଢ଼ିଯାଇ ୧୭.୩ ନିୟୁତ (୩୧.୫ %) ହୋଇଛି । ^[୨] ସନ ୧୯୭୦ ପରଠାରୁ ହୃଦରକ୍ତନଳୀ ରୋଗରେ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ବୟସରେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ହାର ବିକାଶଶୀଳ ଦେଶରେ ବଢ଼ୁଛି ଓ ବିକଶିତ ଦେଶରେ କମୁଛି । ^[୮]^[୯] ଆଇ.ଏଚ.ଡି. ଓ ସ୍ଟ୍ରୋକ ମିଶି ପୁରୁଷମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ୮୦ % ଓ ମହିଳାଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ୭୫ % ମୃତ୍ୟୁର କାରଣ ହେବା ଜଣାଯାଏ । ^[୧] ଅଧିକାଂଶ ସିଭିଡି ରୋଗ ଅଧିକ ବୟସର ଲୋକଙ୍କୁ ହୁଏ । ଆମେରିକାରେ ୨୦ରୁ ୪୦ ବର୍ଷ ବୟସ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ସିଭିଡି ୧୧ % ଲୋକଙ୍କୁ ହୁଏ, ୪୦ରୁ ୬୦ ବର୍ଷ ବୟସ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ୩୭ % ଲୋକଙ୍କୁ ହୁଏ, ୬୦ରୁ ୮୦ ବୟସ ଭିତରେ ୭୧ %, ଓ ୮୦ ପରେ ୮୫ % ଲୋକଙ୍କୁ ହୁଏ । ^[୧୦] ସିଭିଡି ରୋଗରେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁର ହାରାହାରି ବୟସ ବିକଶିତ ଦେଶରେ ୮୦ ଥିଲାବେଳେ ବିକାଶଶୀଳ ଦେଶମାନଙ୍କରେ ୬୮ ଅଛି । ^[୮] ପୁରୁଷଙ୍କର ରୋଗ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହେବା ବୟସ ମହିଳାଙ୍କ ଅପେକ୍ଷା ଦଶ ବର୍ଷ ପୂର୍ବରୁ ହୁଏ । ^[୧୧]

ଆଧାର

↑ ^୧.୦ ^୧.୧ ^୧.୨ ^୧.୩ ^୧.୪ ^୧.୫ ^୧.୬ ^୧.୭ ^୧.୮ Mendis, Shanthi; Puska,, Pekka; Norrving, Bo (2011). Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control (PDF) (1st ed. ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization in collaboration with the World Heart Federation and the World Stroke Organization. pp. 3–18. ISBN 9789241564373. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-17. Retrieved 2015-07-12. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help); Missing |author1= (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
↑ ^୨.୦ ^୨.୧ GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (17 December 2014). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442. {{cite journal}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
↑ McGill HC, McMahan CA, Gidding SS (March 2008). "Preventing heart disease in the 21st century: implications of the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) study". Circulation. 117 (9): 1216–27. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.717033. PMID 18316498.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Spinks, A; Glasziou, PP; Del Mar, CB (5 November 2013). "Antibiotics for sore throat". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 11: CD000023. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000023.pub4. PMID 24190439.
↑ Sutcliffe, P; Connock, M; Gurung, T; Freeman, K; Johnson, S; Ngianga-Bakwin, K; Grove, A; Gurung, B; Morrow, S; Stranges, S; Clarke, A (2013). "Aspirin in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: a systematic review of the balance of evidence from reviews of randomized trials". PLOS ONE. 8 (12): e81970. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081970. PMID 24339983.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
↑ Sutcliffe, P; Connock, M; Gurung, T; Freeman, K; Johnson, S; Kandala, NB; Grove, A; Gurung, B; Morrow, S; Clarke, A (September 2013). "Aspirin for prophylactic use in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: a systematic review and overview of reviews". Health technology assessment (Winchester, England). 17 (43): 1–253. doi:10.3310/hta17430. PMID 24074752.
↑ US Preventive Services Task, Force (17 March 2009). "Aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement". Annals of internal medicine. 150 (6): 396–404. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-150-6-200903170-00008. PMID 19293072.
↑ ^୮.୦ ^୮.୧ Fuster, Board on Global Health ; Valentin; Academies, Bridget B. Kelly, editors ; Institute of Medicine of the National (2010). Promoting cardiovascular health in the developing world : a critical challenge to achieve global health. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. pp. Chapter 2. ISBN 978-0-309-14774-3. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Moran, AE; Forouzanfar, MH; Roth, GA; Mensah, GA; Ezzati, M; Murray, CJ; Naghavi, M (8 April 2014). "Temporal trends in ischemic heart disease mortality in 21 world regions, 1980 to 2010: the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study". Circulation. 129 (14): 1483–92. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.113.004042. PMID 24573352.
↑ Go, AS; Mozaffarian, D; Roger, VL; Benjamin, EJ; Berry, JD; Borden, WB; Bravata, DM; Dai, S; Ford, ES; Fox, CS; Franco, S; Fullerton, HJ; Gillespie, C; Hailpern, SM; Heit, JA; Howard, VJ; Huffman, MD; Kissela, BM; Kittner, SJ; Lackland, DT; Lichtman, JH; Lisabeth, LD; Magid, D; Marcus, GM; Marelli, A; Matchar, DB; McGuire, DK; Mohler, ER; Moy, CS; Mussolino, ME; Nichol, G; Paynter, NP; Schreiner, PJ; Sorlie, PD; Stein, J; Turan, TN; Virani, SS; Wong, ND; Woo, D; Turner, MB; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics, Subcommittee (1 January 2013). "Heart disease and stroke statistics--2013 update: a report from the American Heart Association". Circulation. 127 (1): e6–e245. doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e31828124ad. PMID 23239837.
↑ Mendis, Shanthi; Puska,, Pekka; Norrving, Bo (2011). Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control (1st ed. ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization in collaboration with the World Heart Federation and the World Stroke Organization. p. 48. ISBN 9789241564373. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help); Missing |author1= (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)

[WHO2011-1] ୧.୦ ^୧.୧ ^୧.୨ ^୧.୩ ^୧.୪ ^୧.୫ ^୧.୬ ^୧.୭ ^୧.୮ Mendis, Shanthi; Puska,, Pekka; Norrving, Bo (2011). Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control (PDF) (1st ed. ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization in collaboration with the World Heart Federation and the World Stroke Organization. pp. 3–18. ISBN 9789241564373. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-17. Retrieved 2015-07-12. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help); Missing |author1= (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)

[GDB2013-2] ୨.୦ ^୨.୧ GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (17 December 2014). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442. {{cite journal}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[McGill2008-3] McGill HC, McMahan CA, Gidding SS (March 2008). "Preventing heart disease in the 21st century: implications of the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) study". Circulation. 117 (9): 1216–27. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.717033. PMID 18316498.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[4] Spinks, A; Glasziou, PP; Del Mar, CB (5 November 2013). "Antibiotics for sore throat". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 11: CD000023. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000023.pub4. PMID 24190439.

[5] Sutcliffe, P; Connock, M; Gurung, T; Freeman, K; Johnson, S; Ngianga-Bakwin, K; Grove, A; Gurung, B; Morrow, S; Stranges, S; Clarke, A (2013). "Aspirin in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: a systematic review of the balance of evidence from reviews of randomized trials". PLOS ONE. 8 (12): e81970. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081970. PMID 24339983.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[6] Sutcliffe, P; Connock, M; Gurung, T; Freeman, K; Johnson, S; Kandala, NB; Grove, A; Gurung, B; Morrow, S; Clarke, A (September 2013). "Aspirin for prophylactic use in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: a systematic review and overview of reviews". Health technology assessment (Winchester, England). 17 (43): 1–253. doi:10.3310/hta17430. PMID 24074752.

[7] US Preventive Services Task, Force (17 March 2009). "Aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement". Annals of internal medicine. 150 (6): 396–404. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-150-6-200903170-00008. PMID 19293072.

[IOM2010-8] ୮.୦ ^୮.୧ Fuster, Board on Global Health ; Valentin; Academies, Bridget B. Kelly, editors ; Institute of Medicine of the National (2010). Promoting cardiovascular health in the developing world : a critical challenge to achieve global health. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. pp. Chapter 2. ISBN 978-0-309-14774-3. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[9] Moran, AE; Forouzanfar, MH; Roth, GA; Mensah, GA; Ezzati, M; Murray, CJ; Naghavi, M (8 April 2014). "Temporal trends in ischemic heart disease mortality in 21 world regions, 1980 to 2010: the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study". Circulation. 129 (14): 1483–92. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.113.004042. PMID 24573352.

[10] Go, AS; Mozaffarian, D; Roger, VL; Benjamin, EJ; Berry, JD; Borden, WB; Bravata, DM; Dai, S; Ford, ES; Fox, CS; Franco, S; Fullerton, HJ; Gillespie, C; Hailpern, SM; Heit, JA; Howard, VJ; Huffman, MD; Kissela, BM; Kittner, SJ; Lackland, DT; Lichtman, JH; Lisabeth, LD; Magid, D; Marcus, GM; Marelli, A; Matchar, DB; McGuire, DK; Mohler, ER; Moy, CS; Mussolino, ME; Nichol, G; Paynter, NP; Schreiner, PJ; Sorlie, PD; Stein, J; Turan, TN; Virani, SS; Wong, ND; Woo, D; Turner, MB; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics, Subcommittee (1 January 2013). "Heart disease and stroke statistics--2013 update: a report from the American Heart Association". Circulation. 127 (1): e6–e245. doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e31828124ad. PMID 23239837.

[WHO2011pg48-11] Mendis, Shanthi; Puska,, Pekka; Norrving, Bo (2011). Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control (1st ed. ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization in collaboration with the World Heart Federation and the World Stroke Organization. p. 48. ISBN 9789241564373. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help); Missing |author1= (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)

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