ପ୍ରସୂତି ହିଂସା

ପ୍ରସବ ସମୟର ଦୁର୍ବ୍ୟବହାର ବା ପ୍ରସୂତି ହିଂସା କହିଲେ ପ୍ରସବ ସମୟରେ ମାକୁ ଯଦି ହେଳା କରାଯାଏ, ଶାରୀରିକ ଦୁର୍ବ୍ୟବହାର ଏବଂ ସମ୍ମାନ ଦିଆଯାଏ ନାହିଁ ତେବେ କୁହାଯାଇଥଏ । ଏହି ଭଳି ବ୍ୟବହାର ମହିଳା ଅଧିକାରର ଉଲଂଘନ ବୋଲି ଗଣା ଯାଇଥାଏ । ଏହା ମଧ୍ୟ ମାମାନଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରସୂତି ପୂର୍ବ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ତଦାରଖ ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ଜନିତ ସେବା ପାଇବାରୁ ବଂଚିତ କରିପାରେ । ^[୧] ଏହା ହେଉଛି ମହିଳାଙ୍କ ବିରୋଧରେ ଏକ ହିଂସା ।

ବିଶ୍ୱ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସଂଗଠନଦ୍ୱାରା ଏହିଭଳି ବ୍ୟବହାର ବଦଳେଇବା ପାଇଁ ଅନୁସନ୍ଧାନ ଚାଲୁଅଛି । ତାଙ୍କର ସର୍ବେକ୍ଷଣରୁ ଜଣା ପଡୁ଼ଛିକି ଏହା ଏକ ବିଶ୍ୱସ୍ତରୀୟ ସମସ୍ୟା ଅଟେ । ପ୍ରସବ ସମୟରେ ଜଣେ ମହିଳା ବହୁତ ସମ୍ବେଦନଶୀଳ ଓ ଦୁର୍ବଳ ଥାନ୍ତି ଯାହାଦ୍ୱାରା ସେ ନିଜେ ନିଜକୁ ଓ ଶିଶୁକୁ ପ୍ରାୟତଃ ରକ୍ଷା କରିବାରେ ଅସମର୍ଥ ହୋଇଥାନ୍ତି । ଏହି ଭଳି ହିଁସଉକ ବ୍ୟବହାର ଉଭୟ ମା ଓ ଶିଶୁ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ପାଇଁ କ୍ଷତିକାରକ ସାବ୍ୟସ୍ତ ହୋଇପାରେ ।^[୨]

କିଛି ମହିଳାମାନେ ଅନ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କଠାରୁ ଅଧିକ ଦୁର୍ବ୍ୟବହାର ପାଇଥାନ୍ତି ଯଥା: କିଶୋରୀ, ପ୍ରବାସୀ ମହିଳା, ଏଚ.ଆଇ.ଭି. ସଂକ୍ରମିତ ମହିଳା ଏବଂ ଲଘୁସଂଖ୍ୟା ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ମହିଳା ^[୩]^[୪]^[୫]^[୬]^[୭]

ଉଦାହରଣ

କିଛି ସୂତ୍ରରୁ ଜଣା ପଡିଛି ଯେ କିଛି ଉତ୍ତର ଆମେରିକୀୟ ଡାକ୍ତରମାନେ ୧୯୫୦ରୁ ୧୯୮୦ ମସିହା ମଧ୍ୟରେ ପ୍ରସବପରେ ମହିଳାଙ୍କର ଯୋନୀରେ ତାଙ୍କ ସ୍ୱାମୀଙ୍କର ଯୌନ ସମ୍ଭୋଗ ପାଇଁ କିଛି ଅଧିକା ସିଲାଇ କରୁଥିଲେ ଯାହା ସ୍ୱାମୀ ମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଲାଭ ହେଉଥିଲା ସତ୍ୟ ମାତ୍ର ମହିଳା ମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଦୀର୍ଘ ଦିନ ଧରି କଷ୍ଟ ଓ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ଆଣୁଥିଲା । କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହାର କିଛି ପ୍ରମାଣ ନାହିଁ ।^[୮]^[୯] ^[୧୦]

ଆଧାର

↑ "Prevention and elimination of disrespect and abuse during childbirth". World Health Organization. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
↑ "The prevention and elimination of disrespect and abuse during facility-based childbirth" (PDF). World Health organization. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
↑ Sando, David; Kendall, Tamil; Lyatuu, Goodluck; Ratcliffe, Hannah; McDonald, Kathleen; Mwanyika-Sando, Mary; Emil, Faida; Chalamilla, Guerino; Langer, Ana (1 December 2014). "Disrespect and Abuse During Childbirth in Tanzania: Are Women Living With HIV More Vulnerable?". Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999). 67 (Suppl 4): S228–S234. doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000000378. PMC 4251905. PMID 25436822.
↑ Okafor, Innocent I.; Ugwu, Emmanuel O.; Obi, Samuel N. (1 February 2015). "Disrespect and abuse during facility-based childbirth in a low-income country". International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 128 (2): 110–113. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.08.015. PMID 25476154.
↑ Kujawski, Stephanie; Mbaruku, Godfrey; Freedman, Lynn P.; Ramsey, Kate; Moyo, Wema; Kruk, Margaret E. (1 October 2015). "Association Between Disrespect and Abuse During Childbirth and Women's Confidence in Health Facilities in Tanzania". Maternal and Child Health Journal. 19 (10): 2243–2250. doi:10.1007/s10995-015-1743-9. PMID 25990843.
↑ Kujawski, Stephanie A.; Freedman, Lynn P.; Ramsey, Kate; Mbaruku, Godfrey; Mbuyita, Selemani; Moyo, Wema; Kruk, Margaret E. (1 July 2017). "Community and health system intervention to reduce disrespect and abuse during childbirth in Tanga Region, Tanzania: A comparative before-and-after study". PLOS Medicine. 14 (7): e1002341. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002341. PMC 5507413. PMID 28700587.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
↑ Bohren, Meghan A. "Continuous support for women during childbirth". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003766.pub6.
↑ Dobbeleir, Julie M.L.C.L.; Landuyt, Koenraad Van; Monstrey, Stan J. (May 2011). "Aesthetic surgery of the female genitalia". Seminars in Plastic Surgery. Thieme. 25 (2): 130–141. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1281482. PMC 3312147. PMID 22547970. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
↑ Northrup, Christiane (2006). Women's bodies, women's wisdom: creating physical and emotional health and healing. New York: Bantam Books. ISBN 9780553804836.
↑ Diniz, Simone G.; Chacham, Alessandra S. (2004). ""The Cut Above" and "the Cut Below'": the abuse of caesareans and episiotomy in São Paulo, Brazil". Reproductive Health Matters, special issue: Sexuality, Rights and Social Justice. Taylor and Francis. 12 (23): 100–110. doi:10.1016/S0968-8080(04)23112-3. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)

[who1-1] "Prevention and elimination of disrespect and abuse during childbirth". World Health Organization. Retrieved 3 August 2017.

[who2-2] "The prevention and elimination of disrespect and abuse during facility-based childbirth" (PDF). World Health organization. Retrieved 3 August 2017.

[3] Sando, David; Kendall, Tamil; Lyatuu, Goodluck; Ratcliffe, Hannah; McDonald, Kathleen; Mwanyika-Sando, Mary; Emil, Faida; Chalamilla, Guerino; Langer, Ana (1 December 2014). "Disrespect and Abuse During Childbirth in Tanzania: Are Women Living With HIV More Vulnerable?". Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999). 67 (Suppl 4): S228–S234. doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000000378. PMC 4251905. PMID 25436822.

[4] Okafor, Innocent I.; Ugwu, Emmanuel O.; Obi, Samuel N. (1 February 2015). "Disrespect and abuse during facility-based childbirth in a low-income country". International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 128 (2): 110–113. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.08.015. PMID 25476154.

[5] Kujawski, Stephanie; Mbaruku, Godfrey; Freedman, Lynn P.; Ramsey, Kate; Moyo, Wema; Kruk, Margaret E. (1 October 2015). "Association Between Disrespect and Abuse During Childbirth and Women's Confidence in Health Facilities in Tanzania". Maternal and Child Health Journal. 19 (10): 2243–2250. doi:10.1007/s10995-015-1743-9. PMID 25990843.

[6] Kujawski, Stephanie A.; Freedman, Lynn P.; Ramsey, Kate; Mbaruku, Godfrey; Mbuyita, Selemani; Moyo, Wema; Kruk, Margaret E. (1 July 2017). "Community and health system intervention to reduce disrespect and abuse during childbirth in Tanga Region, Tanzania: A comparative before-and-after study". PLOS Medicine. 14 (7): e1002341. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002341. PMC 5507413. PMID 28700587.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[7] Bohren, Meghan A. "Continuous support for women during childbirth". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003766.pub6.

[doi.org-8] Dobbeleir, Julie M.L.C.L.; Landuyt, Koenraad Van; Monstrey, Stan J. (May 2011). "Aesthetic surgery of the female genitalia". Seminars in Plastic Surgery. Thieme. 25 (2): 130–141. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1281482. PMC 3312147. PMID 22547970. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)

[9] Northrup, Christiane (2006). Women's bodies, women's wisdom: creating physical and emotional health and healing. New York: Bantam Books. ISBN 9780553804836.

[10] Diniz, Simone G.; Chacham, Alessandra S. (2004). ""The Cut Above" and "the Cut Below'": the abuse of caesareans and episiotomy in São Paulo, Brazil". Reproductive Health Matters, special issue: Sexuality, Rights and Social Justice. Taylor and Francis. 12 (23): 100–110. doi:10.1016/S0968-8080(04)23112-3. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)

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