ହେଲସିଙ୍କି

ହେଲସିଙ୍କି  (/hɛlˈsɪŋki/; Finnish pronunciation: [ˈhelsiŋki]; Swedish: Helsingfors ) ଫିନଲାଣ୍ଡ ଦେଶର ରାଜଧାନୀ ଓ ସର୍ବବୃହତ ସହର । ଏହା ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ଫିନଲାଣ୍ଡର ଉସିମା ଅଞ୍ଚଳରେ ଗଲ୍ଫ ଅଫ ଫିନଲାଣ୍ଡ ତଟରେ ଅବସ୍ଥିତ ।

ଜନସଂଖ୍ୟା

ହେଲସିଙ୍କି  ସହରର ଲୋକସଂଖ୍ୟା 629,512 , ସହରାଞ୍ଚଳର ଲୋକ ସଂଖ୍ୟା 1,214,210 ଏବଂ ସଂଯୁକ୍ତ ମେଟ୍ରୋପଲିଟାନର ଜଣ ସଂଖ୍ୟା 1.4 ମିଲିୟନ ।ଏହା ଫିନଲାଣ୍ଡର ସର୍ବାଧିକ ଜନବହୁଳ ମୁନିସିପାଲିଟି ଓ ସହରାଞ୍ଚଳ ।   ଅବସ୍ଥିତି  ହେଲସିଙ୍କି ଦକ୍ଷିଣରେ ଏସ୍ତୋନିଆର ତାଲିନ୍ନଠାରୁ 80 କିଲୋମିଟର , ସ୍ୱିଡେନର ଷ୍ଟକହୋମଠାରୁ 400 କିଲୋମିଟର ପୂର୍ବରେ , ପଶ୍ଚିମରେ ରୁସିୟାର ସେଣ୍ଟ ପିତରସବର୍ଗଠାରୁ 3888 କିଲୋମିଟର ଦୂରରେ ଅବସ୍ଥିତ । ଏହି ତିନି ସହର ସହ ହେକ୍ସିଙ୍କିର ଏଇତିହାସିକ ଭାବରେ ଘନିଶ .ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧ  ରହିଛି । .

History

Central Helsinki in 1820 before rebuilding. Illustration by Carl Ludvig Engel.

Construction of Suomenlinna began in the 18th century.

Early history

Helsinki was established as a trading town by King Gustav I of Sweden in 1550 as the town of Helsingfors, which he intended to be a rival to the Hanseatic city of Reval (today known as Tallinn). Little came of the plans as Helsinki remained a tiny town plagued by poverty, wars, and diseases. The plague of 1710 killed the greater part of the inhabitants of Helsinki. The construction of the naval fortress Sveaborg (In Finnish Viapori, today also Suomenlinna) in the 18th century helped improve Helsinki's status, but it was not until Russia defeated Sweden in the Finnish War and annexed Finland as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland in 1809 that the town began to develop into a substantial city. During the war, Russians besieged the Sveaborg fortress, and about one quarter of the town was destroyed in an 1808 fire.

Geography

Parts of Helsinki and Espoo seen from SPOT

Metropolitan area

The Greater Helsinki urban area

Climate

Helsinki in summer

Cityscape

Aleksanterinkatu in Central Helsinki.

The view across summertime Eläintarhanlahti.

The Helsinki Cathedral is among the most prominent buildings in the city.

The Parliament of Finland on the right, and new supplemental offices on the left.

Government

The Helsinki City Hall houses the City Council of Helsinki

Demographics

Children jumping into the sea in Lauttasaari

Language

Population by mother tongue
Language	Population (2013)	Percentage
Finnish	494,627	81.9%
Swedish	35,674	5.9%
Russian	15,341	2.5%
Estonian	10,207	1.7%
Somali	7,193	1.2%
English	4,879	0.8%
Arabic	3,446	0.6%
Chinese	2,691	0.4%
Kurdish	2,264	0.4%
Spanish	2,073	0.3%
German	1,665	0.3%
French	1,462	0.2%
Persian	1,457	0.2%
Vietnamese	1,416	0.2%
Turkish	1,408	0.2%
Thai	1,123	0.2%
Albanian	1,005	0.2%
Other	15,978	2.6%

The population broken down by language group, 1870–2013. During the period, the population increased significantly, and the city changed its linguistic majority from Swedish to Finnish.
     Finnish speakers
     Swedish speakers
     Russian speaker
     Speakers of other languages

Economy

Kamppi Center, a shopping and transportation complex in Kamppi

Education

University of Helsinki's Main Library: Kaisa-talo

Main building of the University of Helsinki

Haaga-Helia University Of Applied Sciences is the largest business polytechnic in Finland

Culture

Museums

The biggest historical museum in Helsinki is the National Museum of Finland, which displays a vast historical collection from prehistoric times to the 21st century. The museum building itself, a national romantic style neomedieval castle, is a tourist attraction. Another major historical museum is the Helsinki City Museum, which introduces visitors to Helsinki's 500-year history. The University of Helsinki also has many significant museums, including the Helsinki University Museum "Arppeanum" and the Finnish Museum of Natural History.

• Museums in Helsinki
• 
  Classical art museum Ateneum (1887)
• 
  Kiasma museum of contemporary art (1998)
• 
  Sinebrychoff Art Museum (1842)
• 
  The Design Museum (1894)
• 
  The National Museum of Finland (1910)
• 
  Tram museum (Ratikkamuseo) (1900)
• 
  The Military Museum of Finland (1881)
• 
  Kunsthalle Helsinki art venue (1928)
• 
  The Finnish Museum of Natural History (1913)
• 
  Didrichsen Art Museum (1964)
• 
  Amos Anderson Art Museum (1913)
• 
  Helsinki University Museum "Arppeanum" (1869)

Theatres

The Finnish National Theatre (1902), designed by architect Onni Tarjanne

Art

Strange Fruit performing at the Night of the Arts in Helsinki

Media

Yle headquarters in Pasila, Helsinki

Linus Torvalds, the Finnish software engineer best known for creating the popular open-source kernel Linux

Sports

The Helsinki Olympic Stadium was the centre of activities during the 1952 Summer Olympics.

Transport

Roads

Helsinki region roads

Rail transport and buses

The Helsinki Metro with its characteristic bright orange trains is the world's northernmost subway

Central railway station

Aviation

Hernesaari Heliport, next to West Harbour used by cruiseliners

Sea transport

The South Harbour

Karl Fazer

External links

• Official website
• Visithelsinki.fi – Official tourism website of Helsinki