ଲାକ୍ଟୁଲୋଜ

ଲାକ୍ଟୁଲୋଜ
Clinical data
Pronunciation	/ˈlækt[invalid input: 'jʉ']loʊz/
Trade names	Cholac, Generlac, Consulose, and other
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a682338
Pregnancy; category	US: B (No risk in non-human studies) ; ;
Routes of; administration	Oral
ATC code	A06AD11 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	UK: Pharmacy medicines ;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Poorly absorbed
Metabolism	100% in colon by enteric bacteria
Onset of action	8 to 48 hours
Elimination half-life	1.7-2 hours
Excretion	Fecal
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 4-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-β-D-fructofuranose; OR; (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-((2R,3S,4S,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl) tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol;
CAS Number	4618-18-2 ;
PubChem CID	11333;
DrugBank	DB00581 ;
ChemSpider	10856 ;
UNII	9U7D5QH5AE;
KEGG	D00352 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:6359 ;
ChEMBL	CHEMBL296306 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.022.752
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C12H22O11
Molar mass	342.296 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES O[C@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)[C@H](O[C@]2(O)CO)CO;
	InChI InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-4-6(16)7(17)8(18)11(21-4)22-9-5(2-14)23-12(20,3-15)10(9)19/h4-11,13-20H,1-3H2/t4-,5-,6+,7+,8-,9-,10+,11+,12-/m1/s1 ; Key:JCQLYHFGKNRPGE-FCVZTGTOSA-N ;
(verify)

ଲାକ୍ଟୁଲୋଜ ଆମ ଦେହରେ ଅବଶୋଷିତ ହେଉ ନ ଥିବା ଏକ ଔଷଧ ଯାହା କୋଷ୍ଠକାଠିନ୍ୟ ଓ ହେପାଟିକ ଏନ‌କେଫାଲୋପାଥି ରୋଗରେ ବ୍ୟବ‌ହାର ହୁଏ ।^[୩]^[୪] କୋଷ୍ଠକାଠିନ୍ୟ ନିମନ୍ତେ ପାଟିରେ ଖାଇବାକୁ ଦିଆଯାଏ ଓ ହେପାଟିକ ଏନ‌କେଫାଲୋପାଥି ନିମନ୍ତେ ମଳାଶୟରେ ଭର୍ତ୍ତିକରାଯାଏ ।^[୩] ଏହା ୮ରୁ ୧୨ ଘଣ୍ଟା ପରେ କାମ କରିବାକୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରେ ଓ କୋଷ୍ଠକାଠିନ୍ୟରେ ଉନ୍ନତି ଆଣିବାକୁ ପ୍ରାୟ ୨ ଦିନ ଲାଗିଯାଏ ।^[୧]^[୨]

ଏହାର ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ମଧ୍ୟରେ ପେଟ ଫାମ୍ପିବା ଓ କ୍ରାମ୍ପ ମୂଖ୍ୟ ସ୍ଥାନ ଅଧିକାର କରେ । ଏହାଦ୍ୱାରା ତରଳ ଝାଡ଼ା ହେଲେ ଇଲେକ୍ଟ୍ରୋଲାଇଟ ସମସ୍ୟା ଦେଖାଯାଇପାରେ । ଏହାର ବ୍ୟବ‌ହାରଦ୍ୱାରା ଗର୍ଭାବସ୍ଥାରେ ଥିବା ଶିଶୁର କିଛି କ୍ଷତି ହେବାର ପ୍ରମାଣ ମିଳିନାହିଁ ।^[୩] ସ୍ତନ୍ୟପାନ‌ ବିପଦମୁକ୍ତ ବୋଲି ଧରାଯାଏ ।^[୫] ଏହାକୁ ଓସ୍ମୋଟିକ ରେଚକ ଶ୍ରେଣୀରେ ରଖାଯାଏ ।^[୬]

ସନ ୧୯୨୯ରେ ପ୍ରଥମେ ଲାକ୍ଟୁଲୋଜ ତିଆରି ହୋଇଥିଲା ଓ ସନ ୧୯୫୦ରୁ ଏହା ଚିକିତ୍ସାରେ ବ୍ୟବ‌ହାର ହେଉଛି ।^[୭]^[୮] ଏହାର ନାମ ବିଶ୍ୱ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସଂଗଠନର ଅତ୍ୟାବଶ୍ୟକୀୟ ଔଷଧ ଚିଠାରେ ଅଛି ଯାହା ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସିସ୍ଟମ ନିମନ୍ତେ ଅତି ମହତ୍ତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ।^[୯] ଏହା ଜେନେରିକ ଔଷଧ ନାମରେ ଉପଲବ୍‌ଧ ହୁଏ ।^[୪] ଏହାର ହୋଲସେଲ ମୂଲ୍ୟ ପ୍ରତି ମାତ୍ରା(ଡୋଜ) ନିମନ୍ତେ ପ୍ରାୟ 0.୧୮ ଆମେରିକୀୟ ଡଲାର ।^[୧୦] ଆମେରିକାରେ ଲାକ୍ଟୁଲୋଜ ୩୦ ମାତ୍ରା ତରଳପଦାର୍ଥର ମୂଲ୍ୟ ପ୍ରାୟ ୨0 ଡଲାର ।^[୩] ଏହା ଲାକ୍ଟୋଜ ବା ଦୁଧ ଶର୍କରାରୁ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରାଯାଏ ।^[୧୧]

ଆଧାର

↑ ^୧.୦ ^୧.୧ Goldman, edited by Ann; Hain, Richard; Liben, Stephen (2006). Oxford textbook of palliative care for children (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 352. ISBN 9780198526537. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)
↑ ^୨.୦ ^୨.୧ Helms, Richard A. (2006). Textbook of therapeutics : drug and disease management (8 ed.). Philadelphia, Pa. [u.a.]: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1310. ISBN 9780781757348.
↑ ^୩.୦ ^୩.୧ ^୩.୨ ^୩.୩ "Lactulose". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved Aug 11, 2015.
↑ ^୪.୦ ^୪.୧ Hamilton, Richard J. (2013). Tarascon pocket pharmacopoeia : 2013 classic shirt-pocket edition (27 ed.). Burlington, Ma.: Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 191. ISBN 9781449665869.
↑ Jones, Wendy (2013). Breastfeeding and Medication. Routledge. p. 127. ISBN 9781136178153.
↑ Whitlow, Charles (2009). Improved Outcomes in Colon and Rectal Surgery. New York: Informa Healthcare. p. 366. ISBN 9781420071535.
↑ McSweeney, P.L.H.; Fox, P.F. (2009). Advanced dairy chemistry (3rd ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag. p. 236. ISBN 9780387848655.
↑ Schumann, C (November 2002). "Medical, nutritional and technological properties of lactulose. An update". European journal of nutrition. 41 Suppl 1: I17-25. PMID 12420112.
↑ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines" (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
↑ "Lactulose". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 11 August 2015.^{[permanent dead link]}
↑ Kuntz, Hans-Dieter (2008). Hepatology textbook and atlas : history, morphology, biochemistry, diagnostics, clinic, therapy (3 ed.). Heidelberg: Springer. p. 887. ISBN 9783540768395. {{cite book}}: External link in |ref= (help)

[Gold2006-1] ୧.୦ ^୧.୧ Goldman, edited by Ann; Hain, Richard; Liben, Stephen (2006). Oxford textbook of palliative care for children (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 352. ISBN 9780198526537. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)

[Helm2006-2] ୨.୦ ^୨.୧ Helms, Richard A. (2006). Textbook of therapeutics : drug and disease management (8 ed.). Philadelphia, Pa. [u.a.]: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1310. ISBN 9780781757348.

[AHFS2015-3] ୩.୦ ^୩.୧ ^୩.୨ ^୩.୩ "Lactulose". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved Aug 11, 2015.

[Ham2013-4] ୪.୦ ^୪.୧ Hamilton, Richard J. (2013). Tarascon pocket pharmacopoeia : 2013 classic shirt-pocket edition (27 ed.). Burlington, Ma.: Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 191. ISBN 9781449665869.

[Jones2013-5] Jones, Wendy (2013). Breastfeeding and Medication. Routledge. p. 127. ISBN 9781136178153.

[6] Whitlow, Charles (2009). Improved Outcomes in Colon and Rectal Surgery. New York: Informa Healthcare. p. 366. ISBN 9781420071535.

[7] McSweeney, P.L.H.; Fox, P.F. (2009). Advanced dairy chemistry (3rd ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag. p. 236. ISBN 9780387848655.

[8] Schumann, C (November 2002). "Medical, nutritional and technological properties of lactulose. An update". European journal of nutrition. 41 Suppl 1: I17-25. PMID 12420112.

[9] "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines" (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2014.

[Lactulose-10] "Lactulose". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 11 August 2015.^{[permanent dead link]}

[11] Kuntz, Hans-Dieter (2008). Hepatology textbook and atlas : history, morphology, biochemistry, diagnostics, clinic, therapy (3 ed.). Heidelberg: Springer. p. 887. ISBN 9783540768395. {{cite book}}: External link in |ref= (help)

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