ପ୍ରୋମେଥାଜିନ

ପ୍ରୋମେଥାଜିନ
Clinical data
Trade names	ଫିନର୍ଗାନ (Phenergan) ଓ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ନାମ
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a682284
Pregnancy; category	AU: C ; US: C (Risk not ruled out) ; ;
Routes of; administration	ପାଟିରେ, ସପୋଜିଟରି (rectal), IV, IM, topical
ATC code	D04AA10 (WHO) R06AD02;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S3 (Pharmacist only) ; CA: OTC ; UK: Pharmacy medicines (POM when injection); US: Rx-ପ୍ରେସକ୍ରିପସନରେ ମିଳେ ; South Africa: S5 IV S2 Oral;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	88% absorbed but after first-pass metabolism reduced to 25% absolute bioavailability
Protein binding	93%
Metabolism	ଯକୃତରେ ଗ୍ଲୁକୁରୋନାଇଡେସନ (glucuronidation) ଓ ସଲଫୋକ୍ସିଡେସନ (sulfoxidation
Elimination half-life	୧୬–୧୯ ଘଣ୍ଟା
Excretion	ବୃକ୍‌କ ଓ ବିଲିଆରି (biliary)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (RS)-N,N-Dimethyl-1-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propan-2-amine;
CAS Number	60-87-7 ;
PubChem CID	4927;
IUPHAR/BPS	7282;
DrugBank	DB01069 ;
ChemSpider	4758 ;
UNII	FF28EJQ494;
KEGG	D00494 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:8461 ;
ChEMBL	CHEMBL643 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.445
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C17H20N2S
Molar mass	୨୮୪.୪୨ g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Chirality	Racemic mixture
	SMILES S2c1ccccc1N(c3c2cccc3)CC(N(C)C)C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C17H20N2S/c1-13(18(2)3)12-19-14-8-4-6-10-16(14)20-17-11-7-5-9-15(17)19/h4-11,13H,12H2,1-3H3 ; Key:PWWVAXIEGOYWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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ପ୍ରୋମେଥାଜିନ (ଇଂରାଜୀ ଭାଷାରେ Promethazine) ଏକ ପ୍ରଥମ ପିଢ଼ୀର (first-generation) ଆଣ୍ଟିହିସ୍ଟାମିନ (antihistamine) ଔଷଧ ।^[୪] ଆଲର୍ଜି (allergies), ନିଦ୍ରା ସମସ୍ୟା ଓ ଅଇ (nausea) ହେଲେ ଏହି ଔଷଧ ଦିଆଯାଏ ।^[୪] ଶର୍ଦ୍ଦିର କେତେକ ଲକ୍ଷଣ ଏହି ଔଷଧ ଯୋଗୁ ଉପଶମ ହୋଇଯାଏ ।^[୪] ଉତ୍ତେଜିତ ଓ ଉତ୍କଣ୍ଠିତ ରୋଗୀମାନେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଏହି ଔଷଧରେ ପ୍ରଶାନ୍ତି (sedating) ପାଆନ୍ତି ।^[୫]^[୬] ପାଟିରେ (by mouth) ବା ମଳଦ୍ୱାର ବାଟେ ସପୋଜିଟରି (rectal suppository) ଆକାରରେ ଦିଆଯାଇପାରେ । ^[୪]

ଏହାର ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ନିଦ୍ରାଳୁ ଭାବ, ପ୍ରଶାନ୍ତି ଭାବ ଓ ଦ୍ୱନ୍ଦ୍ୱ ପ୍ରକାଶ ପାଏ ।^[୪] ଆଲକୋହୋଲ ଓ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ପ୍ରଶାନ୍ତିକରଣ ଦ୍ରବ୍ୟ ଏହାର ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାକୁ ଆହୁରି ଖରାପ କରିଦିଏ । ^[୪] ଗର୍ଭାବସ୍ଥା ବା ସ୍ତନ୍ୟପାନ (breastfeeding) ସମୟରେ ଏହି ଔଷଧର ପ୍ରଭାବ ବିଷୟ ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇନାହିଁ ।^[୪]^[୫] ୨ ବର୍ଷ ବୟଷରୁ କମ୍ ଶିଶୁଙ୍କୁ ଦେଲେ ଶ୍ୱାସକ୍ରିୟା ଉପରେ ବିପରୀତ ପ୍ରଭାବ ପଡ଼େ । ^[୪] ଇଞ୍ଜେକସନ ଆକାରରେ ଦେଲେ ଚର୍ମ ନଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇଯାଏ ।^[୪] ଏହା ଫେନୋଥିଆଜିନ (phenothiazine) ପରିବାରର ଏକ ଔଷଧ ।^[୪]

ପ୍ରୋମେଥାଜିନ ଏକ ବୈଜ୍ଞାନିକ ଦଳଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା ସନ ୧୯୪୦ରେ ରୋନ-ପାଉଲେନ୍ସ (Rhône-Poulenc) ଲାବୋରେଟରୀରେ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରାଯାଇଥିଲା ।^[୭] ଡାକ୍ତରୀ ବ୍ୟବ‌ହାର ନିମନ୍ତେ ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର ଆମେରିକାରେ ସନ ୧୯୫୧ରେ ସ୍ୱୀକୃତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।^[୪] ଏହା ଜେନେରିକ ଔଷଧ ନାମରେ (generic medication) ସାରା ବିଶ୍ୱରେ ମିଳେ ।^[୧] ପାଟିରେ ଦିଆଯାଉଥିବା ଫର୍ମୁଲାର ଏକ ଡୋଜର ହୋଲସେଲ ଦାମ ସନ ୨୦୧୮ରେ ୦.୨୦ ଆମେରିକୀୟ ଡଲାରରୁ କମ୍ ଥିଲା ।^[୮] ସଂଯୁକ୍ତ ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରରେ ଏହି ମାତ୍ରାର ଦାମ ୦.୨୫ ପାଉଣ୍ଡରୁ କମ ।^[୫]

ଏହା ମଧ୍ୟ ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ

Purple drank (a recreational drug concoction containing promethazine)

ଆଧାର

↑ ^୧.୦ ^୧.୧ "Promethazine international brands". Drugs.com. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
↑ ^୨.୦ ^୨.୧ Strenkoski-Nix LC, Ermer J, DeCleene S, Cevallos W, Mayer PR (August 2000). "Pharmacokinetics of promethazine hydrochloride after administration of rectal suppositories and oral syrup to healthy subjects". American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 57 (16): 1499–505. PMID 10965395.
↑ Paton DM, Webster DR (1985). "Clinical pharmacokinetics of H1-receptor antagonists (the antihistamines)". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 10 (6): 477–97. doi:10.2165/00003088-198510060-00002. PMID 2866055.
↑ ^୪.୦୦ ^୪.୦୧ ^୪.୦୨ ^୪.୦୩ ^୪.୦୪ ^୪.୦୫ ^୪.୦୬ ^୪.୦୭ ^୪.୦୮ ^୪.୦୯ ^୪.୧୦ "Promethazine Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
↑ ^୫.୦ ^୫.୧ ^୫.୨ British national formulary : BNF 74 (74 ed.). British Medical Association. 2017. p. 276. ISBN 978-0857112989.
↑ Malamed, Stanley F. (2009). Sedation: A Guide to Patient Management (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 113. ISBN 978-0323075961.
↑ Li, Jie Jack (2006). Laughing Gas, Viagra, and Lipitor: The Human Stories behind the Drugs We Use. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 146. ISBN 9780199885282. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
↑ "NADAC as of 2018-10-24". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 2019-06-24. Retrieved 24 October 2018.

ବାହ୍ୟ ଲିଙ୍କ

"Promethazine". U.S. National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health.

[brands-1] ୧.୦ ^୧.୧ "Promethazine international brands". Drugs.com. Retrieved 17 July 2017.

[pmid10965395-2] ୨.୦ ^୨.୧ Strenkoski-Nix LC, Ermer J, DeCleene S, Cevallos W, Mayer PR (August 2000). "Pharmacokinetics of promethazine hydrochloride after administration of rectal suppositories and oral syrup to healthy subjects". American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 57 (16): 1499–505. PMID 10965395.

[pmid2866055-3] Paton DM, Webster DR (1985). "Clinical pharmacokinetics of H1-receptor antagonists (the antihistamines)". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 10 (6): 477–97. doi:10.2165/00003088-198510060-00002. PMID 2866055.

[AHFS2018-4] ୪.୦୦ ^୪.୦୧ ^୪.୦୨ ^୪.୦୩ ^୪.୦୪ ^୪.୦୫ ^୪.୦୬ ^୪.୦୭ ^୪.୦୮ ^୪.୦୯ ^୪.୧୦ "Promethazine Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 24 October 2018.

[BNF74-5] ୫.୦ ^୫.୧ ^୫.୨ British national formulary : BNF 74 (74 ed.). British Medical Association. 2017. p. 276. ISBN 978-0857112989.

[6] Malamed, Stanley F. (2009). Sedation: A Guide to Patient Management (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 113. ISBN 978-0323075961.

[7] Li, Jie Jack (2006). Laughing Gas, Viagra, and Lipitor: The Human Stories behind the Drugs We Use. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 146. ISBN 9780199885282. Retrieved July 9, 2016.

[8] "NADAC as of 2018-10-24". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 2019-06-24. Retrieved 24 October 2018.

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Clinical data


Trade names	ଫିନର୍ଗାନ (Phenergan) ଓ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ନାମ^[୧]
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a682284
Pregnancy category	AU: C US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of administration	ପାଟିରେ, ସପୋଜିଟରି (rectal), IV, IM, topical
ATC code	D04AA10 (WHO) R06AD02
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S3 (Pharmacist only) CA: OTC UK: Pharmacy medicines (POM when injection) US: Rx-ପ୍ରେସକ୍ରିପସନରେ ମିଳେ South Africa: S5 IV S2 Oral
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	88% absorbed but after first-pass metabolism reduced to 25% absolute bioavailability^[୨]
Protein binding	93%
Metabolism	ଯକୃତରେ ଗ୍ଲୁକୁରୋନାଇଡେସନ (glucuronidation) ଓ ସଲଫୋକ୍ସିଡେସନ (sulfoxidation
Elimination half-life	୧୬–୧୯ ଘଣ୍ଟା^[୨]^[୩]
Excretion	ବୃକ୍‌କ ଓ ବିଲିଆରି (biliary)
Identifiers
IUPAC name (RS)-N,N-Dimethyl-1-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propan-2-amine
CAS Number	60-87-7^Y
PubChem CID	4927
IUPHAR/BPS	7282
DrugBank	DB01069^Y
ChemSpider	4758^Y
UNII	FF28EJQ494
KEGG	D00494^Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:8461^Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL643^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.445
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₇H₂₀N₂S
Molar mass	୨୮୪.୪୨ g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Chirality	Racemic mixture
SMILES S2c1ccccc1N(c3c2cccc3)CC(N(C)C)C
InChI InChI=1S/C17H20N2S/c1-13(18(2)3)12-19-14-8-4-6-10-16(14)20-17-11-7-5-9-15(17)19/h4-11,13H,12H2,1-3H3^Y Key:PWWVAXIEGOYWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y
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