କ୍ଲୋରାଲ ହାଇଡ୍ରେଟ

କ୍ଲୋରାଲ ହାଇଡ୍ରେଟ
Clinical data
Trade names	Aquachloral, Novo-Chlorhydrate, Somnos, others
Synonyms	Trichloroacetaldehyde monohydrate
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
Pregnancy; category	US: C (Risk not ruled out) ; ;
Routes of; administration	By mouth, rectal suppository
Legal status
Legal status	CA: Unscheduled ; US: Schedule IV ;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Well absorbed
Metabolism	Liver and kidney (converted to trichloroethanol)
Elimination half-life	8–10 hours
Excretion	Bile, feces, urine (various metabolites not unchanged)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 2,2,2-Trichloroethane-1,1-diol;
ECHA InfoCard	100.005.562
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C2H3Cl3O2
Molar mass	୧୬୫.୩୯ g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Density	1.9081 g/cm3 g/cm3
Melting point	57 °C (135 °F)
Boiling point	98 °C (208 °F)
Solubility in water	660 g/100 ml mg/mL (20 °C)
	SMILES ClC(Cl)(Cl)C(O)O;
	InChI InChI=1S/C2H3Cl3O2/c3-2(4,5)1(6)7/h1,6-7H; Key:RNFNDJAIBTYOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N;

କ୍ଲୋରାଲ ହାଇଡ୍ରେଟ ଏକ ଔଷଧ ଯାହା ନିଦ୍ରାହୀନତା ଏବଂ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟାକରଣରେ ଭାବରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ ।^[୨] ^[୩] ଯେତେବେଳେ ନିରାପଦ ଔଷଧ ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ ନୁହେଁ ସେତେବେଳେ ଏହାର ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ | ^[୨] ଏହାକୁ ପାଟିରେ ଦିଆଯାଇପାରେ କିମ୍ବା ମଳ ଦ୍ୱାରବାଟରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଇପାରେ ।^[୨] ପ୍ରଭାବ ଏକ ଘଣ୍ଟା ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୁଏ ଏବଂ ଆଠ ଘଣ୍ଟା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ରହିପାରେ ।^[୨] ଫଙ୍ଗଲ୍ ସ୍ପୋରସ୍ ପାଇଁ ଏକ ସ୍ଟେନର ଅଂଶ ଭାବରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ । ^[୪]

ସାଧାରଣ ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ଅଇ, ସମନ୍ୱୟ ଅସୁବିଧା ଏବଂ ତରଳ ଝାଡ଼ା ହୋଇପାରେ ।^[୨] ଅନ୍ୟ ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ନିଶାଗ୍ରସ୍ତ, ହଠାତ୍ ବନ୍ଦ ହୋଇଗଲେ କମ୍ପୋନ୍ମାଦ ଏବଂ ଆଲର୍ଜି ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ହୋଇପାରେ ।^[୨] ଗର୍ଭାବସ୍ଥାରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର ସୁପାରିଶ କରାଯାଏ ନାହିଁ ।^[୫] ଅତ୍ୟଧିକ ମାତ୍ରାରେ ଗ୍ରହଣ କଲେ ଶ୍ୱାସକ୍ରିୟା କମିଯାଏ କିମ୍ବା କୋମା ହୋଇପାରେ ।^[୩] ଏହା କିପରି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରେ ତାହା ସଂପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଅସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ଅଛି ।^[୨]

କ୍ଲୋରାଲ୍ ହାଇଡ୍ରେଟ୍ ୧୮୩୨ ମସିହାରେ ଜଷ୍ଟସ୍ ଭନ୍ ଲିବିଗଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା ଆବିଷ୍କୃତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ଏବଂ ୧୮୬୦ ଦଶକରେ ଡାକ୍ତରୀ ବ୍ୟବହାରରେ ଆସିଥିଲା । ^[୬] ଯୁକ୍ତରାଜ୍ୟରେ ଏହା ଏକ ବିନା ପ୍ରେସ‌କ୍ରିପସନ ଭାବରେ ଉପଲବ୍ଧ ଅଛି ଓ ୨୦୨୦ ସୁଦ୍ଧା ୩୦ଟି ଟାବଲେଟ୍ ମୂଲ୍ୟ ପ୍ରାୟ ୧୪୦ ପାଉଣ୍ଡ ଥିଲା। ^[୫] ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରରେ କୌଣସି ଚିକିତ୍ସା ବ୍ୟବହାର ପାଇଁ ଏହା ଅନୁମୋଦିତ ନୁହେଁ, ଯଦିଓ ଏହା ବେଳେବେଳେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ । ^[୭] ^[୮] ଏହା ସାଧାରଣତ ୟୁରୋପରେ ନିଓନାଟାଲ୍ ଇଣ୍ଟେନ୍ସିଭ୍ କେୟାର ୟୁନିଟରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ ।^[୯] ଐତିହାସିକ ଭାବେ ଏହା ଉତ୍ତେଜନାକୁ ପରିଚାଳନା କରିବା ପାଇଁ ମାନସିକ ଆଶ୍ରୟସ୍ଥଳୀରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହେଉଥିଲା ଏବଂ ମିକେ ଫିନ୍ ନାମରେ ପରିଚିତ "ନକ୍ଆଉଟ୍ ଡ୍ରପ୍" ସୃଷ୍ଟି ପାଇଁ ଆଲକୋହୋଲ ସ‌ହିତ ମିଶ୍ରିତ ହେଉଥିଲା ।^[୧୦] ^[୧୧]

ଆଧାର

↑ "Chemical Book: Chloral hydrate". Archived from the original on 29 August 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
↑ ^୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ ^୨.୩ ^୨.୪ ^୨.୫ ^୨.୬ "Chloral Hydrate Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
↑ ^୩.୦ ^୩.୧ "Chloral Hydrate 143mg/5ml Oral Solution - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc)". www.medicines.org.uk. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
↑ Auerbach, Paul S. (2011). Wilderness Medicine E-Book: Expert Consult Premium Edition - Enhanced Online Features (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1278. ISBN 978-1-4557-3356-9. Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
↑ ^୫.୦ ^୫.୧ BNF 79. London: Pharmaceutical Press. March 2020. p. 502. ISBN 978-0857113658.
↑ Stolerman, Ian (2010). Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 597. ISBN 978-3-540-68698-9. Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
↑ Dowd, Frank J.; Johnson, Bart; Mariotti, Angelo (2016). Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry - E-Book (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-323-44595-5. Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
↑ Meadows, Michelle (January–February 2007). "The FDA Takes Action Against Unapproved Drugs". FDA Consumer Magazine. 41 (1): 34–5. PMID 17342837.
↑ Lane, Robert H. (2014). Current Controversies in Perinatology, An Issue of Clinics in Perinatology, E-Book (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 906. ISBN 978-0-323-32673-5. Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
↑ "Chloral Hydrate". Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived from the original on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
↑ Young, Mary de (2014). Madness: An American History of Mental Illness and Its Treatment (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). McFarland. p. 248. ISBN 978-0-7864-5746-5. Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2020-12-12.

[1] "Chemical Book: Chloral hydrate". Archived from the original on 29 August 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2017.

[AHFS2020-2] ୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ ^୨.୩ ^୨.୪ ^୨.୫ ^୨.୬ "Chloral Hydrate Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2020.

[UK2020-3] ୩.୦ ^୩.୧ "Chloral Hydrate 143mg/5ml Oral Solution - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc)". www.medicines.org.uk. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2020.

[4] Auerbach, Paul S. (2011). Wilderness Medicine E-Book: Expert Consult Premium Edition - Enhanced Online Features (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1278. ISBN 978-1-4557-3356-9. Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2020-12-12.

[BNF79-5] ୫.୦ ^୫.୧ BNF 79. London: Pharmaceutical Press. March 2020. p. 502. ISBN 978-0857113658.

[6] Stolerman, Ian (2010). Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 597. ISBN 978-3-540-68698-9. Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2020-12-12.

[7] Dowd, Frank J.; Johnson, Bart; Mariotti, Angelo (2016). Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry - E-Book (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-323-44595-5. Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2020-12-12.

[8] Meadows, Michelle (January–February 2007). "The FDA Takes Action Against Unapproved Drugs". FDA Consumer Magazine. 41 (1): 34–5. PMID 17342837.

[9] Lane, Robert H. (2014). Current Controversies in Perinatology, An Issue of Clinics in Perinatology, E-Book (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 906. ISBN 978-0-323-32673-5. Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2020-12-12.

[10] "Chloral Hydrate". Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived from the original on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2018.

[11] Young, Mary de (2014). Madness: An American History of Mental Illness and Its Treatment (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). McFarland. p. 248. ISBN 978-0-7864-5746-5. Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2020-12-12.

[୨]

[୩]

[୪]

[୧]

[୫]

[୬]

[୭]

[୮]

[୯]

[୧୦]

[୧୧]