ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ:ଭିଡିଓୱିକି/ଆପେଣ୍ଡିସାଇଟିସ

ଭିଡିଓୱିକି/ଆପେଣ୍ଡିସାଇଟିସ (Tutorial)
ଭିଡିଓୱିକି/ଆପେଣ୍ଡିସାଇଟିସ (Tutorial)
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ସଂଜ୍ଞା

ଆପେଣ୍ଡିସାଇଟିସ ରୋଗ କ‌ହିଲେ ଶରୀରରେ ଥିବା ଆପେଣ୍ଡିକ୍ସ ଅଙ୍ଗର ପ୍ରଦାହକୁ ବୁଝାଏ । ^[୧]

ଲକ୍ଷଣ

ଡାହାଣ ନିମ୍ନ ଉଦରରେ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା, ଅଇ, ବାନ୍ତି ଓ ଅରୁଚି ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ଲକ୍ଷଣମାନ ଏହି ରୋଗରେ ଦେଖାଯାଏ । ^[୧] ପ୍ରାୟ ୪୦% ଲୋକଙ୍କର ଏହି ଲକ୍ଷଣ ନଥାଏ ।^[୧]

ଫାଟିବା ଲକ୍ଷଣ

ଆପେଣ୍ଡିକ୍ସ ଫାଟିଗଲେ ସାଂଘାତିକ ଜଟିଳ ଅବସ୍ଥା ହୋଇ ପେରିଟୋନାଇଟିସ ବା ବିସ୍ତୀର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଉଦର କାନ୍ଥର ଅଭ୍ୟନ୍ତରତମ ସ୍ତରରେ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ଦାୟକ ପ୍ରଦାହ ଓ ସେପ୍ସିସ ହୁଏ । ^[୨]

କାରଣ

ଆପେଣ୍ଡିକ୍ସର ଭିତର ପୋଲା ଅଂଶର ଅବରୋଧ ହୋଇଗଲେ ଆପେଣ୍ଡିସାଇଟିସ‌ ରୋଗ ହୁଏ ।^[୩] ଫେକାଲୋମା ବା କ୍ୟାଲସିଅମ ଯୁକ୍ତ ପ୍ରସ୍ତରୀକୃତ ମଳ ଜମା ହେଲେ ଏହି ଅବସ୍ଥା ଉପୁଜେ । ^[୪]

ଅବରୋଧର କାରଣ

ଭୂତାଣୁ ଜନିତ ଲସିକା ତନ୍ତୁ ପ୍ରଦାହ, ପରଜୀବୀ, ପିତ୍ତାସ୍ମରୀ ବା ଅର୍ବୁଦ ଯୋଗୁ ଅବରୋଧ ହୋଇପାରେ । ^[୪]

ନିଦାନୀ ଶରୀରତ‌ତ୍ତ୍ୱ

ଅବରୋଧ କାରଣରୁ ଚାପ ବୃଦ୍ଧି ହୋଇ ରକ୍ତ ସରବରାହ କମିଯିବା ଯୋଗୁ ଆପେଣ୍ଡିକ୍ସରେ ଜୀବାଣୁ ବିକାଶ ହୋଇ ପ୍ରଦାହ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ । ^[୪]^[୫]

ପରିଗଳନ

ପ୍ରଦାହ, କମ୍ ରକ୍ତ ସରବାରହ ଓ ସ୍ଫୀତ ଆପେଣ୍ଡିକ୍ସ ଯୋଗୁ ତନ୍ତୁ ଆଘାତ ଓ ତନ୍ତୁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ହୁଏ । ^[୬] ଚିକିତ୍ସିତ ନହେଲେ ଆପେଣ୍ଡିକ୍ସ ଫାଟିଯିବା ଫଳରେ ଉଦର ମଧ୍ୟକୁ ଜୀବାଣୁ ପ୍ରବେଶ କରି ଅଧିକ ଜଟିଳ ସମସ୍ୟା ସୃସ୍ଟି କରନ୍ତି । ^[୬]^[୭]

ରୋଗ ନିର୍ଣ୍ଣୟ

ରୋଗୀର ଲକ୍ଷଣ ଓ ଚିହ୍ନ ଦେଖି ମୂଖ୍ୟତଃ ରୋଗ ନିର୍ଣ୍ଣୟ କରାଯାଏ । ^[୫] ନିର୍ଣ୍ଣୟ ଅସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ହେଲେ ସତର୍କ ନିରୀକ୍ଷଣ, ମେଡିକାଲ ଇମେଜିଙ୍ଗ ଓ ଲାବୋରେଟରୀ ଟେଷ୍ଟ କରିଲେ ଉପକାର ମିଳେ । ^[୮]

ଇମେଜିଙ୍ଗ

ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ସ୍ଥଳେ ଅଲଟ୍ରାସାଉଣ୍ଡ ଓ ସିଟି ସ୍କାନ ଦୁଇଟିର ସାହାଯ୍ୟ ନିଆଯାଏ । ^[୮]

ସିଟି ସ୍କାନ ବନାମ ଅଲଟ୍ରାସାଉଣ୍ଡ

ଆକ୍ୟୁଟ ଆପେଣ୍ଡିସାଇଟିସରେ ଅଲଟ୍ରାସାଉଣ୍ଡ ଆପେକ୍ଷା ସିଟି ସ୍କାନ ଅଧିକ ନିର୍ଣ୍ଣୟାତ୍ମକ ହୁଏ,^[୯] କିନ୍ତୁ ରାଡିଏସନ ଭୟ ଯୋଗୁ ପିଲା ଓ ଗର୍ଭବତୀ ମହିଳାଙ୍କର ଅଲଟ୍ରାସାଉଣ୍ଡ କରାଯାଇପାରେ । ^[୮]

ଚିକିତ୍ସା

ଆକ୍ୟୁଟ ବା ତୀବ୍ର ଆପେଣ୍ଡିସାଇଟିସ ହୋଇଥିଲେ ଅପରେଶନ କରି ଆପେଣ୍ଡିକ୍ସ କାଢ଼ିଦିଆଯାଏ । ^[୪]^[୫]

ଖୋଲା ବନାମ ବନ୍ଦ

ଲାପାରୋଟୋମି ଅପରେଶନରେ ଉଦର ଖୋଲି ଅପରେଶନ କରାଯାଏ ଓ ଲାପାରୋସ୍କୋପିରେ କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ର କଣା କରି କ୍ୟାମେରା ସ‌ହାୟତାରେ ଅପରେଶନ କରାଯାଏ । ଅପରେଶନ କଲେ ଆପେଣ୍ଡିକ୍ସ ଫାଟିବା ଜନିତ ପାର୍ଶ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ସଙ୍କଟ ଓ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ କମ୍ ହୁଏ । ^[୨]

ଆଣ୍ଟିବାୟୋଟିକ

କେତେକ ଅଣଫଟା ଆପେଣ୍ଡିସାଇଟିସ ରୋଗୀଙ୍କ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ଆଣ୍ଟିବାୟୋଟିକ ବ୍ୟବ‌ହାର ସମାନ ଭାବରେ ଫଳପ୍ରଦ ହୁଏ ।^[୧୦]

ରୋଗାନୁଶୀଳନ

ଅତି ସାଧାରଣ ରୋଗମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ଆପେଣ୍ଡିସାଇଟିସ ଗୋଟିଏ ଓ ଏହି ରୋଗରେ ତୀବ୍ର ଉଦର ବେଦନା ଶୀଘ୍ର ଆସେ । ସନ ୨୦୧୫ରେ ୧୧.୬ ନିୟୁତ ଆପେଣ୍ଡିସାଇଟିସ ଫଳରେ ୫୦,୧୦୦ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ହୋଇଥିଲା । ^[୧୧]^[୧୨]

ୟୁଏସ ଉପରେ ଜାତୀୟ ବୋଝ

ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର ଆମେରିକାରେ ଉଦର ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ପାଉଥିବା ରୋଗୀଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ଅପରେଶନ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ କରୁଥିବା ଆପେଣ୍ଡିସାଇଟିସ ଏକ ଅତି ସାଧାରଣ ରୋଗ ଭାବରେ ଗଣାଯାଏ । ^[୧] ସେଠାରେ ପ୍ରତି ବର୍ଷ ୩ ଲକ୍ଷରୁ ଅଧିକ ଲୋକଙ୍କର ଅପରେଶନ କରି ଆପେଣ୍ଡିକ୍ସ କାଢ଼ିଦିଆଯାଏ । ^[୧୩]

ଇତିହାସ

ସନ ୧୮୮୬ରେ ଇଂରାଜୀ ଭାଷାରେ ଏହି ରୋଗ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧରେ ପ୍ରଥମ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରିବା ଶ୍ରେୟ ରେଜିନାଲ୍ଡ ଫିଜ ନାମକ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କୁ ଦିଆଯାଏ । ^[୧୪]

ଆଧାର

↑ ^୧.୦ ^୧.୧ ^୧.୨ ^୧.୩ Graffeo, Charles S.; Counselman, Francis L. (November 1996). "Appendicitis". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 14 (4): 653–71. doi:10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70273-x. PMID 8921763.
↑ ^୨.୦ ^୨.୧ Hobler, K. (Spring 1998). "Acute and Suppurative Appendicitis: Disease Duration and its Implications for Quality Improvement" (PDF). Permanente Medical Journal. 2.
↑ Pieper R, Kager L, Tidefeldt U (1982). "Obstruction of appendix vermiformis causing acute appendicitis. One of the most common causes of this is an acute viral infection which causes lymphoid hyperplasia and therefore obstruction. An experimental study in the rabbit". Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica. 148 (1): 63–72. PMID 7136413.
↑ ^୪.୦ ^୪.୧ ^୪.୨ ^୪.୩ Longo, Dan L.; et al., eds. (2012). Harrison's principles of internal medicine (18th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. Chapter 300. ISBN 978-0-07174889-6. Archived from the original on 30 March 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
↑ ^୫.୦ ^୫.୧ ^୫.୨ Tintinalli, editor-in-chief Judith E. (2011). Emergency medicine : a comprehensive study guide (7. ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. Chapter 84. ISBN 978-0-07-174467-6. Archived from the original on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2014. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)
↑ ^୬.୦ ^୬.୧ Schwartz's principles of surgery (9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Division. 2010. p. Chapter 30. ISBN 978-0-07-1547703.
↑ Barrett, ML; Hines, AL; Andrews, RM (July 2013). "Trends in Rates of Perforated Appendix, 2001–2010" (PDF). Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Statistical Brief #159. PMID 24199256. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-10-20.
↑ ^୮.୦ ^୮.୧ ^୮.୨ Paulson, EK; Kalady, MF; Pappas, TN (16 January 2003). "Clinical practice. Suspected appendicitis" (PDF). The New England Journal of Medicine. 348 (3): 236–42. doi:10.1056/nejmcp013351. PMID 12529465.
↑ Shogilev, DJ; Duus, N; Odom, SR; Shapiro, NI (November 2014). "Diagnosing appendicitis: evidence-based review of the diagnostic approach in 2014". The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine (Review). 15 (7): 859–71. doi:10.5811/westjem.2014.9.21568. PMC 4251237. PMID 25493136.
↑ Varadhan KK, Neal KR, Lobo DN (2012). "Safety and efficacy of antibiotics compared with appendicectomy for treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials". The BMJ. 344: e2156. doi:10.1136/bmj.e2156. PMC 3320713. PMID 22491789.
↑ GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282. {{cite journal}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
↑ GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281. {{cite journal}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
↑ Mason, RJ (August 2008). "Surgery for appendicitis: is it necessary?". Surgical Infections. 9 (4): 481–8. doi:10.1089/sur.2007.079. PMID 18687030.
↑ Fitz RH (1886). "Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment". American Journal of the Medical Sciences (92): 321–46.

[Graf1996-1] ୧.୦ ^୧.୧ ^୧.୨ ^୧.୩ Graffeo, Charles S.; Counselman, Francis L. (November 1996). "Appendicitis". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 14 (4): 653–71. doi:10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70273-x. PMID 8921763.

[Hob1998-2] ୨.୦ ^୨.୧ Hobler, K. (Spring 1998). "Acute and Suppurative Appendicitis: Disease Duration and its Implications for Quality Improvement" (PDF). Permanente Medical Journal. 2.

[Piep1982-3] Pieper R, Kager L, Tidefeldt U (1982). "Obstruction of appendix vermiformis causing acute appendicitis. One of the most common causes of this is an acute viral infection which causes lymphoid hyperplasia and therefore obstruction. An experimental study in the rabbit". Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica. 148 (1): 63–72. PMID 7136413.

[Har2012-4] ୪.୦ ^୪.୧ ^୪.୨ ^୪.୩ Longo, Dan L.; et al., eds. (2012). Harrison's principles of internal medicine (18th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. Chapter 300. ISBN 978-0-07174889-6. Archived from the original on 30 March 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2014.

[Tint2011-5] ୫.୦ ^୫.୧ ^୫.୨ Tintinalli, editor-in-chief Judith E. (2011). Emergency medicine : a comprehensive study guide (7. ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. Chapter 84. ISBN 978-0-07-174467-6. Archived from the original on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2014. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)

[Schw2010-6] ୬.୦ ^୬.୧ Schwartz's principles of surgery (9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Division. 2010. p. Chapter 30. ISBN 978-0-07-1547703.

[Barrett2013-7] Barrett, ML; Hines, AL; Andrews, RM (July 2013). "Trends in Rates of Perforated Appendix, 2001–2010" (PDF). Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Statistical Brief #159. PMID 24199256. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-10-20.

[Paul2003-8] ୮.୦ ^୮.୧ ^୮.୨ Paulson, EK; Kalady, MF; Pappas, TN (16 January 2003). "Clinical practice. Suspected appendicitis" (PDF). The New England Journal of Medicine. 348 (3): 236–42. doi:10.1056/nejmcp013351. PMID 12529465.

[Shogilev2014-9] Shogilev, DJ; Duus, N; Odom, SR; Shapiro, NI (November 2014). "Diagnosing appendicitis: evidence-based review of the diagnostic approach in 2014". The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine (Review). 15 (7): 859–71. doi:10.5811/westjem.2014.9.21568. PMC 4251237. PMID 25493136.

[Antibiotics2012-10] Varadhan KK, Neal KR, Lobo DN (2012). "Safety and efficacy of antibiotics compared with appendicectomy for treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials". The BMJ. 344: e2156. doi:10.1136/bmj.e2156. PMC 3320713. PMID 22491789.

[GBD2015Pre-11] GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282. {{cite journal}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[GBD2015De-12] GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281. {{cite journal}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[13] Mason, RJ (August 2008). "Surgery for appendicitis: is it necessary?". Surgical Infections. 9 (4): 481–8. doi:10.1089/sur.2007.079. PMID 18687030.

[14] Fitz RH (1886). "Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment". American Journal of the Medical Sciences (92): 321–46.

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