ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ

ସଚେତନତା


ସଚେତନତା (mindfulness) ହେଉଛି ଏକ ମାନସିକ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ଜଣେ ନିଜ ଜ୍ଞାତ ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ନିଜର ସମସ୍ତ ଧ୍ୟାନକୁ ଏକାଗ୍ରତାର ସହିତ ପାରିପାଶ୍ୱିକ ପରିବେଶକୁ ବିନା କୌଣସି ବିଚାରରେ ଅନୁଭବ କରିଥାଏ ।[୧][୨] ଯାହା ଜଣେ ଧ୍ୟାନ କିମ୍ବା ଅନ୍ୟ କୌଣସି ତାଲିମଦ୍ୱାରା ବିକଶିତ କରିପାରିଥାଏ ।[୩][୪] ସଚେତନତା ବୌଦ୍ଧ ଧର୍ମର ସତି ପରମ୍ପରାଠାରୁ ଅନୁପ୍ରାଣିତ ।[୫][୬] ଏହା ଜେନ, ବିପାସନା ଏବଂ ତିବ୍ବତୀୟ ଧ୍ୟାନ କୌଶଳ ଉପରେ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟବସିତ ।[୭] ଆଧୁନିକ ପାଶ୍ଚାତ୍ୟ ସଭ୍ୟତାରେ ସଚେତନତାକୁ ଲୋକପ୍ରିୟ କରାଇପାରିଥିବା କିଛି ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଗଣ ହେଲେ - ଥିଚ ନାଟ ହାନ୍, (୧୯୨୬-), ହବର୍ଟ ବେନ୍ସନ (୧୯୩୫-), ଜନ କାବଟ-ଜିନ (୧୯୪୪-) ଏବଂ ରିଚାର୍ଡ ଜେ ଡେଭିଡସନ (୧୯୫୧-) ।[୮][୯][୧୦]

ସଚେତନତା
ହସ୍ତକ୍ଷେପ
MeSHD064866

କ୍ଲିନିକାଲ ମନୋବୈଜ୍ଞାନୀ (Clinical psychology) ଏବଂ ମାନସିକ ଚିକିତ୍ସାବିତ୍ (psychiatry) ୧୯୭୦ ମସିହାରୁ ଅନେକ ସଚେତନତାକୁ ଉପଯୋଗ କରି ରୋଗ ନିବାରଣ ପଦ୍ଧତି ବାହାରକରିଥିଲେ ଯାହା ମାନସିକ ରୋଗୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ସହାୟତା କରିଆସୁଛି ।[୧୦] ସଚେତନତା ଉପଯୋଗ କରି ଅବସାଦ [୧୧][୧୨][୧୩], ଚାପ[୧୪][୧୫], ଉଦବେଗ ଏବଂ ଡ୍ରଗ୍ସ ନିଶାକୁ ମଧ୍ୟ [୧୬][୧୭][୧୮] କମାଯାଇପାରୁଅଛି । ସଚେତନତା ସମ୍ପର୍କିତ ନାନାଦି ପ୍ରକଳ୍ପଗୁଡ଼ିକ ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ବନ୍ଦୀଶାଳ, ଡାକ୍ତରଖାନା, ବୃଦ୍ଧାଶ୍ରମ ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ପରିବେଶରେ ଉପଯୋଗ କରାଯାଉଛି । ଏହାଦ୍ୱାରା ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟବାନ ହୋଇ ବୟସ ବଢ଼ିବା, ଓଜନ ପରିଚାଳନା, ଦୌଡ଼କୁଦ ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ, ବିଶେଷ ସହାୟତା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ କରୁଥିବା ଶିଶୁମାନଙ୍କର ସହାୟତା ଏବଂ ଗର୍ଭବତୀ ମହିଳାମାନଙ୍କୁ ମଧ୍ୟ ସହାୟତା କରିଥାଏ ।

ଡାକ୍ତରୀ ଗବେଷଣା ଉଭୟ ଶିଶୁ ଏବଂ ପ୍ରୌଢ଼ ଏବଂ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ପ୍ରକାର ରୋଗୀମାନଙ୍କ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ସଚେତନତା ଜନିତ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ଉଭୟ ମାନସିକ ଏବଂ ଶାରୀରିକ ସୁପ୍ରଭାବ ପକାଇବାକୁ ସ୍ୱୀକାର କରିଥାଏ ।[୨][୧୯] ମାନସିକ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସହିତ ସଚେତନତାର ଭଲ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧ ରହିଛି ବୋଲି ଗବେଷଣା ଦେଖେଇଆସୁଛି ।[୨୦][୨୧] ସଚେତନତା ଅବଲମ୍ବନ କରିବାଦ୍ୱାରା ମାନସିକ ବିକାର ରୋଗୀମାନଙ୍କୁ [୨୨][୨୩][୨୪] ଏବଂ ସାଇକୋସିସରେ ପୀଡ଼ିତ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିମାନଙ୍କୁ ମଧ୍ୟ ସହାୟତା ମିଳିଥାଏ ।[୨୫][୨୬][୨୭][୨୮][୨୯][୩୦] ସଚେତନତା ଜନିତ ଚିକିତ୍ସା, କିଛି ବିଷୟରେ ଗମ୍ଭୀର ଅବୁଝା ଚିନ୍ତା ଏବଂ ଅସ୍ତବ୍ୟସ୍ତତା ମଧ୍ୟ ଦୁରକରିବାରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରେ ।[୩୧][୩୨] ଏହାଛଡ଼ା, ସଚେତନତା ଅଭ୍ୟାସ କଲେ ଆଗକୁ ମାନସିକ ବିକାର ହେବାର ସମ୍ଭାବନା ମଧ୍ୟ କମ ହୋଇଯାଇଥାଏ ।[୩୩][୩୪]

ଏହି ବିଷୟରେ ଆହୁରି ଅଧିକ ଏବଂ ଗଭୀର ଅଧ୍ୟୟନର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା ରହିଛି ବୋଲି ହୃଦବୋଧ କରାଯାଇଛି, ବିଭିନ୍ନ ପ୍ରକାର ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ବିଶେଷ ଏବଂ ପରିବେଶ ସହିତ ଏହାର ପରୀକ୍ଷଣ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତରେ କରାଯିବାର ଇଚ୍ଛା ରହିଛି ।[୨][୨୧]

ପ୍ରୟୋଗ ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ଜନ କାବଟ-ଜିନଙ୍କ ମୁତାବକ ଯେଉଁ ଆଧୁନିକ ପାଶ୍ଚାତ୍ୟ ଲୋକେ ବୌଦ୍ଧ ଧର୍ମ ଅବଲମ୍ବନ କରିବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁନାହାନ୍ତି, ସେମାନେ ବିନା କୌଣସି ଧର୍ମପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରି ସଚେତନତା ଅଭ୍ୟାସ କରିପାରିବେ ।[୩୫] ପାଶ୍ଚାତ୍ୟ ଗବେଷଣାକାରୀ ଏବଂ ଡାକ୍ତରଗଣ ଯେଉଁମାନେ ସଚେତନତାକୁ ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କୁ ଶିଖାନ୍ତି, ସେମାନେ ଏହାର ଉତ୍ପତ୍ତି ଏବଂ ଧର୍ମ ବିଷୟରେ ଅଧିକ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱାରୋପ ଦିଅନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ ।

ଚିକିତ୍ସା ପ୍ରକଳ୍ପଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ସଚେତନତାଦ୍ୱାରା ଚାପ ହ୍ରାସ ସମ୍ପାଦନା

ସଚେତନତାଦ୍ୱାରା ଚାପ ହ୍ରାସ (Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR)) ହେଉଛି ଏକ ସଚେତନତା ପ୍ରକଳ୍ପ । ଏହା ଜନ କାବଟ-ଜିନଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା ମାସାଚୁସେଟ୍ସ ମେଡିକାଲ ସେଣ୍ଟର ବିଶ୍ୱବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟରେ ଏହା ଗଠିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା । ଏହା ସଚେତନତାଯୁକ୍ତ ଧ୍ୟାନ, ଅସ୍ଥିତ୍ୱ ଜ୍ଞାତି ଏବଂ ଯୋଗକୁ ମିଶାଇ ତିଆରି ହୋଇଥିଲା ।[୧]

ସଚେତନତାଯୁକ୍ତ ଆରାମ

ଛବି ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ, ନିଶ୍ୱାସ ପ୍ରଶ୍ୱାସ ଉପାୟ ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ଉପାୟଦ୍ୱାରା ସଚେନତାଯୁକ୍ତ ଆରାମ ମିଳିପାରେ ଯାହାଦ୍ୱାରା ମାନସିକ ଚାପ କମ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।

ଆଧାର ସମ୍ପାଦନା

  1. ↑ ୧.୦ ୧.୧ Kabat-Zinn, J. (2013). Full Catastrophe Living: Using the Wisdom of Your Body and Mind to Face Stress, Pain, and Illness. New York: Bantam Dell. ISBN 978-0345539724.
  2. ↑ ୨.୦ ୨.୧ ୨.୨ Creswell J.D. (2017). "Mindfulness Interventions". Annual Review of Psychology. 68: 491–516. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-042716-051139. PMID 27687118. Methodologically rigorous RCTs have demonstrated that mindfulness interventions improve outcomes in multiple domains (e.g., chronic pain, depression relapse, addiction).
  3. ↑ Lutz, Antoine; Davidson, Richard J.; Slagter, Heleen A. (2011). "Mental Training as a Tool in the Neuroscientific Study of Brain and Cognitive Plasticity". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 5: 17. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2011.00017. PMC 3039118. PMID 21347275.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  4. ↑ Gary Deatherage (1975). "The clinical use of "mindfulness" meditation techniques in short-term psychotherapy" (PDF). Journal of Transpersonal Psychology. 7 (2): 133–43.
  5. ↑ Karunamuni, Nandini; Weerasekera, Rasanjala (2017). "Theoretical Foundations to Guide Mindfulness Meditation: A Path to Wisdom". Current Psychology. doi:10.1007/s12144-017-9631-7.
  6. ↑ Van Gordon, William; Shonin, Edo; Griffiths, Mark D; Singh, Nirbhay N. (2014). "There is Only One Mindfulness: Why Science and Buddhism Need to Work Together". Mindfulness. 6: 49–56. doi:10.1007/s12671-014-0379-y.
  7. ↑ Wilson, Jeff (2014). Mindful America: The Mutual Transformation of Buddhist Meditation and American Culture. Oxford University Press. p. 35.
  8. ↑ Buchholz B (2015). "Exploring the promise of mindfulness as medicine". JAMA. 314 (13): 1327–29. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.7023. PMID 26441167.
  9. ↑ Davidson R (2005). "Meditation and Neuroplasticity: Training Your Brain Interview by Bonnie J. Horrigan". Explore: The Journal of Science & Healing. 1 (5): 380–88. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2005.06.013. PMID 16781570.
  10. ↑ ୧୦.୦ ୧୦.୧ Harrington, Anne; Dunne, John D. (2015). "When mindfulness is therapy: Ethical qualms, historical perspectives". American Psychologist. 70 (7): 621–31. doi:10.1037/a0039460. PMID 26436312. Mindfulness, the argument goes, was never supposed to be about weight loss, better sex, helping children perform better in school, helping employees be more productive in the workplace, or even improving the functioning of anxious, depressed people. It was never supposed to be a merchandized commodity to be bought and sold.
  11. ↑ Strauss, Clara; Cavanagh, Kate; Oliver, Annie; Pettman, Danelle (2014). "Mindfulness-Based Interventions for People Diagnosed with a Current Episode of an Anxiety or Depressive Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials". PLoS ONE. 9 (4): e96110. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...996110S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096110. PMC 3999148. PMID 24763812. This is the first meta-analysis of RCTs of MBIs where all studies included only participants who were diagnosed with a current episode of a depressive or anxiety disorder. Effects of MBIs on primary symptom severity were found for people with a current depressive disorder and it is recommended that MBIs might be considered as an intervention for this population.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  12. ↑ Khoury, Bassam; Sharma, Manoj; Rush, Sarah E.; Fournier, Claude (2015). "Mindfulness-based stress reduction for healthy individuals: A meta-analysis". Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 78 (6): 519–28. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.03.009. PMID 25818837. We conducted a meta-analysis to provide a review of MBSR for healthy individuals. The meta-analysis included 29 studies enrolling 2668 participants... The results obtained are robust and are maintained at follow-up. When combined, mindfulness and compassion strongly correlated with clinical effects.
  13. ↑ Jain, Felipe A; Walsh, Roger N.; Eisendrath, Stuart J.; Christensen, Scott; Rael Cahn, B. (2015). "Critical Analysis of the Efficacy of Meditation Therapies for Acute and Subacute Phase Treatment of Depressive Disorders: A Systematic Review". Psychosomatics. 56 (2): 140–52. doi:10.1016/j.psym.2014.10.007. PMC 4383597. PMID 25591492.
  14. ↑ Sharma, Manoj; Rush, Sarah E. (2014). "Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction as a Stress Management Intervention for Healthy Individuals". Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine. 19 (4): 271–86. doi:10.1177/2156587214543143. PMID 25053754. Mindfulness-based stress reduction offers an effective way of reducing stress by combining mindfulness meditation and yoga in an 8-week training program... Of the 17 studies, 16 demonstrated positive changes in psychological or physiological outcomes related to anxiety and/or stress. Despite the limitations of not all studies using randomized controlled design, having smaller sample sizes, and having different outcomes, mindfulness-based stress reduction appears to be a promising modality for stress management.
  15. ↑ Hofmann, Stefan G.; Sawyer, Alice T.; Witt, Ashley A; Oh, Diana (2010). "The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review". Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 78 (2): 169–83. doi:10.1037/a0018555. PMC 2848393. PMID 20350028.
  16. ↑ Chiesa, Alberto; Serretti, Alessandro (2013). "Are Mindfulness-Based Interventions Effective for Substance Use Disorders? A Systematic Review of the Evidence". Substance Use & Misuse. 49 (5): 492–512. doi:10.3109/10826084.2013.770027. PMID 23461667.
  17. ↑ Garland, Eric L.; Froeliger, Brett; Howard, Matthew O. (2014). "Mindfulness Training Targets Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Addiction at the Attention-Appraisal-Emotion Interface". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 4: 173. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00173. PMC 3887509. PMID 24454293.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  18. ↑ Black, David S (2014). "Mindfulness-Based Interventions: An Antidote to Suffering in the Context of Substance Use, Misuse, and Addiction". Substance Use & Misuse. 49 (5): 487–91. doi:10.3109/10826084.2014.860749. PMID 24611846.
  19. ↑ Paulus, Martin P. (2016). "Neural Basis of Mindfulness Interventions that Moderate the Impact of Stress on the Brain". Neuropsychopharmacology. 41 (1): 373. doi:10.1038/npp.2015.239. PMC 4677133. PMID 26657952.
  20. ↑ Tomlinson ER (2018). "Dispositional mindfulness and psychological health: a systematic review". Mindfulness. 9 (1): 23–43. doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0762-6. PMC 5770488. PMID 29387263. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  21. ↑ ୨୧.୦ ୨୧.୧ Keng, Shian-Ling; Smoski, Moria J.; Robins, Clive J. (2011). "Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies". Clinical Psychology Review. 31 (6): 1041–56. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.04.006. PMC 3679190. PMID 21802619.
  22. ↑ Goldberg S.B. (2017). "Mindfulness-based interventions for psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Clinical Psychology Review. 59: 52–60. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.10.011. PMC 5741505. PMID 29126747. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  23. ↑ Boyd J.E. (2018). "Mindfulness-based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder: a review of the treatment literature and neurobiological evidence". Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience. 43 (1): 7–25. doi:10.1503/jpn.170021. PMC 5747539. PMID 29252162. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  24. ↑ Rodrigues M.F. (2017). "Mindfulness in mood and anxiety disorders: a review of the literature". Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. 39 (3): 207–15. doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0051. PMID 28767927. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  25. ↑ Aust, J.; Bradshaw, T. (2017). "Mindfulness interventions for psychosis: A systematic review of the literature". Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 24 (1): 69–83. doi:10.1111/jpm.12357. PMID 27928859.
  26. ↑ Cramer, Holger; Lauche, Romy; Haller, Heidemarie; Langhorst, Jost; Dobos, Gustav (2017). "Mindfulness- and Acceptance-based Interventions for Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Global Advances in Health and Medicine. 5 (1): 30–43. doi:10.7453/gahmj.2015.083. PMC 4756771. PMID 26937312.
  27. ↑ Louise S. (2018). "Mindfulness-and acceptance-based interventions for psychosis: our current understanding and a meta-analysis". Schizophrenia Research. 192: 57–63. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.05.023. PMID 28545945. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  28. ↑ Deanna Kaplan (2017). "Maladaptive repetitive thought as a transdiagnostic phenomenon and treatment target: An integrative review". Journal of Clinical Psychology. 74 (7): 1126–36. doi:10.1002/jclp.22585. PMID 29342312. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  29. ↑ Ed Watkins (2015). "Psychological treatment of depressive rumination". Current Opinion in Psychology. 4: 32–36. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.01.020.
  30. ↑ Querstret, Dawn; Cropley, Mark (2013). "Assessing treatments used to reduce rumination and/or worry: A systematic review" (PDF). Clinical Psychology Review. 33 (8): 996–1009. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.08.004. PMID 24036088.
  31. ↑ Gu, Jenny; Strauss, Clara; Bond, Rod; Cavanagh, Kate (2015). "How do mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction improve mental health and wellbeing? A systematic review and meta-analysis of mediation studies". Clinical Psychology Review. 37: 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.006. PMID 25689576.
  32. ↑ Perestelo-Perez L. (2017). "Mindfulness-based interventions for the treatment of depressive rumination: Systematic review and meta-analysis". International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology. 17 (3): 282–95. doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2017.07.004. PMC 6220915. PMID 30487903. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  33. ↑ Tang, Yi-Yuan; Leve, Leslie D. (2015). "A translational neuroscience perspective on mindfulness meditation as a prevention strategy". Translational Behavioral Medicine. 6 (1): 63–72. doi:10.1007/s13142-015-0360-x. PMC 4807201. PMID 27012254.
  34. ↑ Cheng FK (2016). "Is meditation conducive to mental well-being for adolescents? An integrative review for mental health nursing". International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences. 4: 7–19. doi:10.1016/j.ijans.2016.01.001.
  35. ↑ Kabat-Zinn 2000.
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