|
* ବ୍ୟାଙ୍କ ଓଭରଡ୍ରାଫ୍ଟ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ।
ସୁଧର ହାର ଉଭୟପକ୍ଷଙ୍କର ମଧ୍ୟରେ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଧାରଣ କରାଯାଇଥାଏ । ଏଥିରେ କୌଣସି ନିୟମ ନଥାଏ । ସାଧାରଣତଃ ଅସୁରକ୍ଷିତ ଋଣର ସୁଧାର ହାର ଅଧିକ ଥାଏ, କାରଣ ଏଥିରେ ଋଣଦାତାଙ୍କର ଟଙ୍କା ବୁଡ଼ିବାର ଅବସର ଅଧିକ ଥାଏ ।
The interest rates applicable to these different forms may vary depending on the lender and the borrower. These may or may not be regulated by law. In the United Kingdom, when applied to individuals, these may come under the Consumer Credit Act 1974.
Interest rates on unsecured loans are nearly always higher than for secured loans because an unsecured lender's options for recourse against the borrower in the event of default are severely limited, subjecting the lender to higher risk compared to that encountered for a secured loan. An unsecured lender must sue the borrower, obtain a money judgment for breach of contract, and then pursue execution of the judgment against the borrower's unencumbered assets (that is, the ones not already pledged to secured lenders). In insolvency proceedings, secured lenders traditionally have priority over unsecured lenders when a court divides up the borrower's assets. Thus, a higher interest rate reflects the additional risk that in the event of insolvency, the debt may be uncollectible.
=== ଦାବି ===
Demandଦାବିଯୁକ୍ତ loansଋଣଗୁଡିକ areସ୍ୱଳ୍ପମିଆଦୀ short-termଋଣ ହୋଇଥାଏ loans।<ref name="Signoriello1991">{{Citation|last=Signoriello, Vincent J.|title=Commercial Loan Practices and Operations|year=1991|isbn=978-1-55520-134-0}}</ref> thatଏହାର typicallyପରିଶୋଧ doକରିବାର notକୌଣସି haveନିର୍ଦ୍ଧାରିତ fixedସମୟ datesନଥାଏ for। repayment.ଅନ୍ୟପକ୍ଷରେ Instead,ଏହାର demandଏକ loansଭାସମାନ carryଋଣ aଥାଏ floatingଯାହା interestସମୟାନୁସାରେ rateପରିବର୍ତ୍ତିତ whichହୋଇଥାଏ varies। accordingଋଣଦାତା toଚାହିଁଲେ theକେବେବି primeଋଣ lendingପରିଶୋଧ rateପାଇଁ orଦାବି otherକରିପାରିବେ defined। contractଏହା terms.ଉଭୟ Demandସୁରକ୍ଷିତ loansକିମ୍ବା can beଅସୁରକ୍ଷିତ "called"ହୋଇପାରେ for। repayment by the lending institution at any time. Demand loans may be unsecured or secured.
=== ରିହାତିଯୁକ୍ତ ===
Aଏକ subsidizedରିହାତିଯୁକ୍ତ loanଋଣରେ isମୁଖ୍ୟତଃ aସୁଧ loanକିଛି onପରିମାଣରେ whichସରକାରଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା theକମ interestକରାଯାଇଥାଏ is reduced by an explicit or hidden subsidy. In the context of college loans in the। [[ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର ଆମେରିକା|United Statesଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର]], it refers to a loan on which no interest is accrued while a student<nowiki/>ରେ remainsଛାତ୍ରଋଣରେ enrolledଏହିଭଳି inହୋଇଥାଏ education.।<ref>[http://collegesavings.about.com/od/glossarydefinitions/g/subsidized-loan.htm Subsidized Loan - Definition and Overview] at ''[[About.com]]''. Retrieved 2011-12-21.</ref>
=== ସୁବିଧାପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ===
Aଏହି concessionalଋଣ loan,ପ୍ରାୟତଃ sometimesବିଦେଶୀ calledକମ୍ପାନୀ aବିକାଶଶୀଳ "softଦେଶକୁ loan",ସୁଧରେ isରିହାତି grantedଦେଇ onକିମ୍ବା termsପରିଶୋଧର substantiallyସମୟ moreବଢ଼ାଇ generousପ୍ରଦାନ thanକରିଥାନ୍ତି market loans either through below-market interest rates, by grace periods or a combination of both.।<ref>[http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=5901 Concessional Loans, Glossary of Statistical Terms], [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|oecd.org]], Retrieved on 5/5/2013</ref> Such loans may be made by foreign governments to developing countries or may be offered to employees of lending institutions as an employee benefit (sometimes called a ''perk'').
== ଲକ୍ଷିତ ବଜାରଗ୍ରାହକ ==
ରୁଣକର୍ତ୍ତା ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି କିମ୍ବା ବ୍ୟବସାୟ ହିସାବରେ ଅଲଗା ନିୟମ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
Loans can also be subcategorized according to whether the debtor is an individual person (consumer) or a business.
=== ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଗତ ===
Commonସାଧାରଣ personalବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଗତ loansଋଣଗୁଡ଼ିକ includeହେଲା mortgageମର୍ଡଗେଜ loansଋଣ, carକାର loansଋଣ, home equity lines of credit, [[କ୍ରେଡିଟ କାର୍ଡ଼|credit cards]], installmentଇନଷ୍ଟାଲମେଂଟ loansଋଣ andଏବଂ paydayଦରମା loans.ଋଣ Theଇତ୍ୟାଦି credit। score ofବ୍ୟକ୍ତିର theକ୍ରେଡିଟ borrowerସ୍କୋର isଦେଖିକି aଋଣର majorପରିମାଣ componentଆଦି inଧାର୍ଯ୍ୟ andହୋଇଥାଏ underwriting। andଅଧିକ interestସମୟର ratesଋଣ (APR)ନେଲେ ofମାସିକ theseଦେୟର loans.ପରିମାଣ Theକମ monthlyହୋଇଥାଏ payments। ofକିନ୍ତୁ personalଯେତେ loansଅଧିକ canସମୟ beନେବେ decreasedସେତେ by selecting longer payment terms,ଅଧିକ butସୁଧ overallସହ interestମୂଳ paidଦେବାକୁ increasesପଡିଥାଏ as। well.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-auto-loans-idUSBRE9240KQ20130305|title=Average new-car loan a record 65 months in fourth quarter|last=|first=|date=August 6, 2017|work=Reuters|access-date=2017-08-06}}</ref>
=== ବ୍ୟବସାୟିକ ===
ବ୍ୟବସାୟର କ୍ରେଡିଟ ରେଟିଙ୍ଗ ଦେଖି କର୍ପୋରେଟ ବଣ୍ଡ, ବ୍ୟବସାୟିକ ମର୍ଡଗେଜ ଆଦି ରଖି ଋଣ ମିଳିଥାଏ ।
Loans to businesses are similar to the above, but also include commercial mortgages and corporate bonds. Underwriting is not based upon credit score but rather credit rating.
== ଋଣ ପରିଶୋଧ ==
Theସାଧାରଣତଃ mostଅଧିକାଂଶ typicalଋଣରେ loanଏକ paymentନିର୍ଦ୍ଧିଷ୍ଟ typeସମୟ isପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ theସମାନ fullyପରିମାଣର amortizingଅର୍ଥ paymentପେୟ inକରିବାକୁ whichପଡିଥାଏ each monthly rate has the same value over time.।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/05/AR2007100501165.html|title=The Math Behind Your Home Loan|last=Guttentag|first=Jack|date=October 6, 2007|work=The Washington Post|access-date=May 11, 2010}}</ref>
: <math>P = L \cdot \frac{c\,(1 + c)^n}{(1 + c)^n - 1}</math> ▼
ଯେଉଁଠାରେ
ମାସିକ ସ୍ଥାୟୀ ଦେୟ: ''P''
ଋଣର ପରିମାଣ: ''L''
The fixed monthly payment ''P'' for a loan of ''L'' for ''n'' months and a monthly interest rate ''c'' is:
ଋଣ ପରିଶୋଧର ସମୟ: ''n'' ମାସ ଏବଂ
▲: <math>P = L \cdot \frac{c\,(1 + c)^n}{(1 + c)^n - 1}</math>
ମାସିକ ସୁଧ ହାର: ''c''
For more information see Compound interest#Monthly amortized loan or mortgage payments.
== ଋଣ ଶୋଷଣ ==
| 