"କ୍ରନିକ ବୃକ୍କ ରୋଗ" ପୃଷ୍ଠାର ସଂସ୍କରଣଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ତଫାତ
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୨୭ କ ଧାଡ଼ି:
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[[ମଧୁମେହ ନିଉରୋପାଥି]] ([[:en:diabetic nephropathy|Diabetes]]), [[ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପ]], [[ଗ୍ଲୋମେରୁଲୋନେଫ୍ରାଇଟିସ]] ([[:en:glomerulonephritis|glomerulonephritis]]), [[ପଲିସିସ୍ଟିକ ବୃକ୍କ ରୋଗ]] ([[:en:polycystic kidney disease|polycystic kidney disease]]) ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ରୋଗଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଏହି କ୍ରନିକ ବୃକ୍କ ରୋଗ ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରିବାରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରନ୍ତି ।<ref name=Hop2017>{{cite web|title=What is renal failure?|url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/kidney_and_urinary_system_disorders/end_stage_renal_disease_esrd_85,P01474|website=Johns Hopkins Medicine|accessdate=18 December 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name=GBD2015De/> ପରିବାରରେ ଏହି ରୋଗ ଇତିହାସ ଥିଲେ ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ପଢ଼ିର ରୋଗ ସଙ୍କଟ ରହିପାରେ ।<ref name=NIH2017What/> [[ରକ୍ତ ପରୀକ୍ଷା]]ରୁ ([[:en:Blood tests|Blood tests]]) ଜିଏଫଆର ମାପ କରି ଓ [[ମୂତ୍ର ପରୀକ୍ଷା]]ରୁ ([[:en:urine tests|urine tests]]) ଆଲବୁମିନ ପରିମାଣ ମାପ କରି ଏହି ରୋଗ ନିର୍ଣ୍ଣୟ କରାଯାଏ ।<ref name=NIH2016Diag>{{cite web|title=Chronic Kidney Disease Tests & Diagnosis|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/tests-diagnosis|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|accessdate=19 December 2017|date=October 2016}}</ref> ରେନାଲ ଅଲଟ୍ରାସାଉଣ୍ଡ ([[:en:renal ultrasound|ultrasound]]) ଓ ବୃକ୍କ ବାୟୋପ୍ସି ([[:en:kidney biopsy|kidney biopsy]]) କରି ଅନ୍ତର୍ନିହିତ କାରଣ ଖୋଜିହୁଏ ।<ref name=Hop2017/> ଏହାର ଅନେକ ପ୍ରକାର ବର୍ଗୀକରଣ କରାଯାଇଛି ।<ref>{{cite journal|title=Summary of Recommendation Statements|journal=Kidney International Supplement|date=January 2013|volume=3|issue=1|pages=5–14|doi=10.1038/kisup.2012.77}}</ref><ref name=Fer2018>{{cite book|last1=Ferri|first1=Fred F.|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1|date=2017|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323529570|pages=294–295|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=wGclDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA294|language=en}}</ref>
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▲Screening at-risk people is recommended.<ref name=NIH2016Diag/> Initial treatments may include medications to manage blood pressure, blood sugar, and lower cholesterol.<ref name=NIH2016Tx/> [[NSAIDs]] should be avoided.<ref name=NIH2016Tx>{{cite web|title=Managing Chronic Kidney Disease|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/managing|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|date=October 2016}}</ref> Other recommended measures include staying active and certain dietary changes.<ref name=NIH2016Tx/> Severe disease may require [[hemodialysis]], [[peritoneal dialysis]], or a [[kidney transplant]].<ref name=NIH2017>{{cite web|title=Kidney Failure|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidney-failure|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|accessdate=11 November 2017}}</ref> Treatments for anemia and bone disease may also be required.<ref name=NIH2016Anemia>{{cite web|title=Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/anemia|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|accessdate=19 December 2017|date=July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mineral & Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/mineral-bone-disorder|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|accessdate=19 December 2017|date=November 2015}}</ref>
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Chronic kidney disease affected 753 million people globally in 2016, including 417 million females and 336 million males.<ref name=GBD2016Prev>{{Cite journal |title = Disparities in Chronic Kidney Disease Prevalence among Males and Females in 195 Countries: Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 2016 Study |vauthors=Bikbov B, Perico N, Remuzzi G |date = 23 May 2018 |journal = Nephron |doi = 10.1159/000489897|pmid = 29791905}}</ref> In 2015 it resulted in 1.2 million deaths, up from 409,000 in 1990.<ref name=GBD2015De>{{cite journal|last1=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death|first1=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|pmid=27733281|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1|pmc=5388903}}</ref><ref name=GDB2013>{{cite journal|last1=GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death|first1=Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.|journal=Lancet|date=17 December 2014|pmid=25530442|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2|volume=385|issue=9963|pages=117–71|pmc=4340604}} Table 2, p. 137 {{Open access}}</ref> The causes that contribute to the greatest number of deaths are high blood pressure at 550,000, followed by diabetes at 418,000, and glomerulonephritis at 238,000.<ref name=GBD2015De/>
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