"କ୍ରନିକ ବୃକ୍କ ରୋଗ" ପୃଷ୍ଠାର ସଂସ୍କରଣଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ତଫାତ
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'''କ୍ରନିକ ବୃକ୍କ ରୋଗ''' ([[ଇଂରାଜୀ ଭାଷା]]ରେ '''Chronic kidney disease''' ବା '''ସିକେଡି'''/ '''CKD''') ଏକ ପ୍ରକାର ବୃକ୍କ ରୋଗ ([[:en:kidney disease|kidney disease]]) ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ମାସ ମାସ ଓ ବର୍ଷ ବର୍ଷା ଧରି ବୃକ୍କର କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ([[:en:kidney function|kidney function]]) ସମ୍ପାଦନ ହୋଇପାରେନି ।<ref name=NIH2017What>{{cite web|title=What Is Chronic Kidney Disease?|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/what-is-chronic-kidney-disease|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|accessdate=19 December 2017|date=June 2017}}</ref><ref name=Hop2017/> ଆରମ୍ଭରେ ଏହାର କୌଣସି ଲକ୍ଷଣ ଦେଖାଯାଏ ନାହିଁ ।<ref name=NIH2017What/> ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ କାଳରେ [[ପାଦ ଇଡିମା]] ([[:en:pedal edema|Leg swelling]]), ଥକ୍କା ଅନୁଭବ, [[ବାନ୍ତି]] ([[:en:vomiting|vomiting]]), ଅରୁଚି, [[ଦ୍ୱନ୍ଦ୍ୱ]] ([[:en:confusion|confusion]]) ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ଲକ୍ଷଣମାନ ବିକଶିତ ହୁଏ ।<ref name=NIH2017What/> ରୋଗ ଜଟିଳ ହେଲେ [[ହୃଦରକ୍ତନାଳୀ ରୋଗ]], [[ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପ]], [[ରେନାଲ ଓଷ୍ଟିଓଡିସଟ୍ରୋଫି]] ([[:en:renal osteodystrophy|bone disease]]) ଓ [[ଆନିମିଆ]] ହୋଇପାରେ ।<ref name=Li2012>{{cite journal |title=Insulin Resistance in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease |year=2012 |last1=Liao |first1=Min-Tser |last2=Sung |first2=Chih-Chien |last3=Hung |first3=Kuo-Chin |last4=Wu |first4=Chia-Chao |last5=Lo |first5=Lan |last6=Lu |first6=Kuo-Cheng |journal=Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology |volume=2012 |pages=1–5 |pmid=22919275 |pmc=3420350|doi=10.1155/2012/691369}}</ref><ref name=MP2017>{{cite web|title=Kidney Failure|url=https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html|website=MedlinePlus|accessdate=11 November 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name=Kid2009>{{Cite journal |url = http://www.kdigo.org/clinical_practice_guidelines/pdf/CKD/KDIGO%20CKD-MBD%20GL%20KI%20Suppl%20113.pdf |title = KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, Prevention, and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) |author = KDIGO: Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes |date =August 2009 |journal =Kidney Int |volume=76 |issue=Suppl 113 |format=PDF |pmid = |access-date = }}</ref>
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Causes of chronic kidney disease include [[diabetic nephropathy|diabetes]], [[high blood pressure]], [[glomerulonephritis]], and [[polycystic kidney disease]].<ref name=Hop2017>{{cite web|title=What is renal failure?|url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/kidney_and_urinary_system_disorders/end_stage_renal_disease_esrd_85,P01474|website=Johns Hopkins Medicine|accessdate=18 December 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name=GBD2015De/> Risk factors include a family history of the condition.<ref name=NIH2017What/> Diagnosis is generally by [[blood tests]] to measure the [[glomerular filtration rate]] and [[urinalysis|urine tests]] to measure [[albumin]].<ref name=NIH2016Diag>{{cite web|title=Chronic Kidney Disease Tests & Diagnosis|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/tests-diagnosis|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|accessdate=19 December 2017|date=October 2016}}</ref> Further tests such as an [[renal ultrasound|ultrasound]] or [[kidney biopsy]] may be done to determine the underlying cause.<ref name=Hop2017/> A number of different classification systems exist.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Summary of Recommendation Statements|journal=Kidney International Supplement|date=January 2013|volume=3|issue=1|pages=5–14|doi=10.1038/kisup.2012.77}}</ref><ref name=Fer2018>{{cite book|last1=Ferri|first1=Fred F.|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1|date=2017|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323529570|pages=294–295|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=wGclDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA294|language=en}}</ref>▼
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Screening at-risk people is recommended.<ref name=NIH2016Diag/> Initial treatments may include medications to manage blood pressure, blood sugar, and lower cholesterol.<ref name=NIH2016Tx/> [[NSAIDs]] should be avoided.<ref name=NIH2016Tx>{{cite web|title=Managing Chronic Kidney Disease|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/managing|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|date=October 2016}}</ref> Other recommended measures include staying active and certain dietary changes.<ref name=NIH2016Tx/> Severe disease may require [[hemodialysis]], [[peritoneal dialysis]], or a [[kidney transplant]].<ref name=NIH2017>{{cite web|title=Kidney Failure|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidney-failure|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|accessdate=11 November 2017}}</ref> Treatments for anemia and bone disease may also be required.<ref name=NIH2016Anemia>{{cite web|title=Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/anemia|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|accessdate=19 December 2017|date=July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mineral & Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/mineral-bone-disorder|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|accessdate=19 December 2017|date=November 2015}}</ref>
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