"ତୁଷାରକ୍ଷତ" ପୃଷ୍ଠାର ସଂସ୍କରଣ‌ଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ତଫାତ

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ଅଧିକ ତ‌ଥ୍ୟ ଦିଆଗଲା
ଅଧିକ ତ‌ଥ୍ୟ ଦିଆଗଲା
୨୫ କ ଧାଡ଼ି:
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'''ତୁଷାରକ୍ଷତ''' ([[ଇଂରାଜୀ ଭାଷା]]ରେ''' Frostbite''') ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ ଯେତେବେଳେ ଚର୍ମ ଓ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ତନ୍ତୁ ଅତ୍ୟଧିକ କମ ଉତ୍ତାପ ([[:en:freezing|freezing]]) ସଂସ୍ପର୍ଶରେ ଆସେ ।<ref name=Han2017/> ପ୍ରଭାବିତ ସ୍ଥାନ ପ୍ରଥମେ କାଲୁଆ ଲାଗେ । <ref name=Han2017/> ତା'ପରେ ସେହି ସ୍ଥାନର ଚର୍ମ ନୀଳ ବା ଧଳା ରଙ୍ଗରେ ପରିବତ୍ତିତ ହୋଇଯାଏ ।<ref name=Han2017/> ଚିକିତ୍ସା ସତ୍ତ୍ୱେ ଫୁଲା ଓ ଫୋଟକା ହୋଇପାରେ ।<ref name=Han2017/> ସାଧାରଣତଃ ହାତ, ପାଦ ଓ ମୁହଁ ପ୍ରଭାବିତ ହୁଏ ।<ref name=Fer2018>{{cite book|last1=Ferri|first1=Fred F.|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1|date=2017|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323529570|page=502|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=wGclDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA502|language=en}}</ref> ରୋଗ ଜଟିଳ ହେଲେ [[ହାଇପୋଥର୍ମିଆ]] ([[:en:Hypothermia|Hypothermia]]) ବା [[କମ୍ପାର୍ଟମେଣ୍ଟ ସିଣ୍ଡ୍ରୋମ]] ହୋଇପାରେ ।<ref name=Mc2014/><ref name=Han2017/>
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People who are exposed to low temperatures for prolonged periods, such as winter sports enthusiasts, military personnel, and homeless individuals, are at greatest risk.<ref name=Han2014>{{Cite journal|last=Handford|first=Charles|last2=Buxton|first2=Pauline|last3=Russell|first3=Katie|last4=Imray|first4=Caitlin EA|last5=McIntosh|first5=Scott E|last6=Freer|first6=Luanne|last7=Cochran|first7=Amalia|last8=Imray|first8=Christopher HE|date=2014-04-22|title=Frostbite: a practical approach to hospital management|journal=Extreme Physiology & Medicine|volume=3|pages=7|doi=10.1186/2046-7648-3-7|issn=2046-7648|pmc=3994495|pmid=24764516}}</ref><ref name=Han2017/> Other risk factors include drinking [[alcohol]], smoking, [[mental health problems]], certain medications, and prior injuries due to cold.<ref name=Han2017>{{cite journal|last1=Handford|first1=C|last2=Thomas|first2=O|last3=Imray|first3=CHE|title=Frostbite.|journal=Emergency medicine clinics of North America|date=May 2017|volume=35|issue=2|pages=281–299|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2016.12.006|pmid=28411928}}</ref> The underlying mechanism involves injury from ice crystals and [[blood clot]]s in small [[blood vessel]]s following thawing.<ref name=Han2017/> Diagnosis is based on symptoms.<ref name=Sin2014>{{cite book|last1=Singleton|first1=Joanne K.|last2=DiGregorio|first2=Robert V.|last3=Green-Hernandez|first3=Carol|title=Primary Care, Second Edition: An Interprofessional Perspective|date=2014|publisher=Springer Publishing Company|isbn=9780826171474|page=172|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=jJCKBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA172|language=en}}</ref> Severity may be divided into superficial (1st and 2nd degree) or deep (3rd and 4th degree).<ref name=Mc2014/> A [[bone scan]] or [[MRI]] may help in determining the extent of injury.<ref name=Han2017/>
 
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Peopleନିମ୍ନ whoଉତ୍ତାପ areସଂସ୍ପର୍ଶରେ exposedଆସୁଥିବା toଶୀତ lowଖେଳର temperatures for prolonged periodsଖେଳାଳୀ, suchମିଲିଟାରୀ asବ୍ୟକ୍ତି winter sportsଗୃହହୀନ enthusiasts,ଲୋକଙ୍କର militaryଏହି personnel,ସଙ୍କଟ andଅଧିକ homelessଥାଏ individuals, are at greatest risk.<ref name=Han2014>{{Cite journal|last=Handford|first=Charles|last2=Buxton|first2=Pauline|last3=Russell|first3=Katie|last4=Imray|first4=Caitlin EA|last5=McIntosh|first5=Scott E|last6=Freer|first6=Luanne|last7=Cochran|first7=Amalia|last8=Imray|first8=Christopher HE|date=2014-04-22|title=Frostbite: a practical approach to hospital management|journal=Extreme Physiology & Medicine|volume=3|pages=7|doi=10.1186/2046-7648-3-7|issn=2046-7648|pmc=3994495|pmid=24764516}}</ref><ref name=Han2017/> Other risk factors include drinking[[ଆଲକୋହୋଲ]] ([[alcohol:en:Alcohol|Alcohol]]), smokingଧୂମ୍ରପାନ, ମାନସିକ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସମସ୍ୟା ([[:en:mental health problems|mental health problems]]), certainକେତେକ medicationsଔଷଧ, andପୂର୍ବତନ priorଥଣ୍ଡା injuriesଆଘାତ dueଥିଲେ toମଧ୍ୟ ଏହି ସଙ୍କଟ ରହିବ । cold.<ref name=Han2017>{{cite journal|last1=Handford|first1=C|last2=Thomas|first2=O|last3=Imray|first3=CHE|title=Frostbite.|journal=Emergency medicine clinics of North America|date=May 2017|volume=35|issue=2|pages=281–299|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2016.12.006|pmid=28411928}}</ref> Theସରୁ underlyingରକ୍ତନଳୀ mechanism([[:en:blood involvesvessel|blood injuryvessel]]) fromଭିତରେ iceଜମାଟ crystals andରକ୍ତ ([[:en:blood clot|blood clot]]s) in smallବରଫ [[bloodକ୍ରିଷ୍ଟାଲ vessel]]sତରଳିବା followingସମୟରେ thawing.ଆଘାତ ହୋଇ ଏହି ରୋଗ ହୁଏ ।<ref name=Han2017/> Diagnosisଲକ୍ଷଣ isଅନୁଯାୟୀ basedରୋଗ onନିର୍ଣ୍ଣୟ କରାଯାଏ । symptoms.<ref name=Sin2014>{{cite book|last1=Singleton|first1=Joanne K.|last2=DiGregorio|first2=Robert V.|last3=Green-Hernandez|first3=Carol|title=Primary Care, Second Edition: An Interprofessional Perspective|date=2014|publisher=Springer Publishing Company|isbn=9780826171474|page=172|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=jJCKBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA172|language=en}}</ref> Severityପୃଷ୍ଠ mayଦେଶ be(୧ମ dividedଓ ୨ୟ) intoବା superficialଗଭୀର (1st୩ୟ and 2nd degree୪ର୍ଥ), orଏହି deepଦୁଇ (3rdଭାଗରେ andରୋଗକୁ 4thବିଭକ୍ତ କରାଯାଏ । degree).<ref name=Mc2014/> A[[ବୋନ ସ୍କାନ]] ([[:en:bone scan]]) orବା [[ଏମଆରଆଇ]] ([[:en:MRI|MRI]]) mayଆବଶ୍ୟକ helpହୋଇପାରେ in determining the extent of injury.<ref name=Han2017/>
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Prevention is through wearing proper clothing, maintaining [[management of dehydration|hydration]] and nutrition, avoiding low temperatures, and staying active without becoming exhausted.<ref name=Mc2014/> Treatment is by rewarming.<ref name=Mc2014/> This should be done only when refreezing is not a concern.<ref name=Han2017/> Rubbing or applying snow to the affected part is not recommended.<ref name=Mc2014/> The use of [[ibuprofen]] and [[tetanus vaccine|tetanus toxoid]] is typically recommended.<ref name=Han2017/> For severe injuries [[iloprost]] or [[thrombolytic]]s may be used.<ref name=Han2017/> Surgery is sometimes necessary.<ref name=Han2017/> Amputation, however, should generally be delayed for a few months to allow determination of the extent of injury.<ref name=Mc2014>{{Cite journal|last=McIntosh|first=Scott E.|last2=Opacic|first2=Matthew|last3=Freer|first3=Luanne|last4=Grissom|first4=Colin K.|last5=Auerbach|first5=Paul S.|last6=Rodway|first6=George W.|last7=Cochran|first7=Amalia|last8=Giesbrecht|first8=Gordon G.|last9=McDevitt|first9=Marion|date=2014-12-01|title=Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of frostbite: 2014 update|journal=Wilderness & Environmental Medicine|volume=25|issue=4 Suppl|pages=S43–54|doi=10.1016/j.wem.2014.09.001|issn=1545-1534|pmid=25498262}}</ref>