"ଲିଥିୟମ" ପୃଷ୍ଠାର ସଂସ୍କରଣ‌ଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ତଫାତ

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ଟିକେ clean up, replaced: → (6), ମାନେ → ମାନେ using AWB
୧ କ ଧାଡ଼ି:
{{ଛୋଟ|Lithium}}
{{Infobox lithium}}
'''ଲିଥିୟମ''' (ଏହା [[ଗ୍ରୀକ ଭାଷା|ଗ୍ରୀକ]] ଶବ୍ଦ ''ଲିଥୋସ୍ / Lithos'' ରୁ ଅସିଛି ମାନେଅସିଛିମାନେ 'ପଥର') ହେଉଛି ଏକ ନରମ, ରୂପା ଭଳି ଧଳା ଦେଖାଯାଉଥିବା [[ଧାତୁ]] ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ <big>Li</big> ଓ [[ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ]] ୩ ଅଟେ । ଏହା ଏତେ ନରମ ଯେ ଏହାକୁ ଛୁରି ଦ୍ଵାରା ମଧ୍ୟ କଟା ଯାଇପାରିବ । ଏହା ଅନ୍ୟ ଧାତୁ ଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ସବୁଠାରୁ ହାଲୁକା କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହା ସାନ୍ଧ୍ରତା (density) [[ଜଳ]]ର ଅର୍ଦ୍ଧେକ ଅଟେ । ( [[ବିଗ୍ ବ୍ୟାଙ୍ଗ୍‌]]ର ପ୍ରଥମ କ୍ଷଣରେ ତିଆରି ତିନୋଟି ଧାତୁ ଭିତରୁ ଲିଥିୟମ ଅନ୍ୟତମ । ଅନ୍ୟଦୁଇଟି ହେଲେ [[ଉଦଜାନ]] ଓ [[ହିଲିଅମ]] - ଜୋତିର୍ବିଦଙ୍କ ଅନୁସାରେ ଏହି ଦୁଇଟି ମୌଳିକର ପରିମାଣ ଲିଥିୟମ ଠାରୁ ଅନେକ ଗୁଣରେ ଅଧିକ । )
 
== ଧର୍ମ ==
୯ କ ଧାଡ଼ି:
== ଇତିହାସ ==
[[File:Arfwedson Johan A.jpg|thumb|left|Johan August Arfwedson is credited with the discovery of lithium in 1817]]
ପେଟାଲାଇଟ (Petalite - LiAlSi4O10), ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ଲିଥିୟମ ରହିଥାଏ, [[ବ୍ରାଜିଲ|ବ୍ରାଜିଲୀୟ]] ବୈଜ୍ଞାନିକ Jose Bonifacio de Andrade e Silva ୧୭୦୦ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀର ଶେଷ ଆଡକୁ ତାଙ୍କର [[ସ୍ଵୀଡ଼େନ]] ଗସ୍ତ ବେଳେ ଆବିଷ୍କାର କରିଥିଲେ । [[Johan August Arfwedson|ଜୋହାନ ଅଗଷ୍ଟ ଆର୍ଫ୍ଵେଡ଼ସନ୍‌]] ୧୮୧୭ ରେ ଲିଥିୟମ ଆବିଷ୍କାର କରିଥିଲେ । Arfwedson found the new element within the minerals spodumene and lepidolite in a petalite ore (LiAl(Si2O5)2) that he was analyzing during a routine investigation of some minerals from a mine on the island Uto in Sweden. In 1818 Christian Gmelin was the first to observe that lithium salts give a bright red colour in flame. Both men tried and failed to isolate the element from its salts.
The element was not isolated until William Thomas Brande and Sir Humphry Davy later used electrolysis on lithium oxide in 1818. Robert Bunsen and Matiessen isolated larger quantities of the metal by electrolysis of lithium chloride in 1855. Commercial production of lithium metal was achieved in 1923 by the German company Metallgesellschaft through using electrolysis of molten lithium chloride and potassium chloride. It was apparently given the name "lithium" because it was discovered from a mineral while other common alkali metals were first discovered from plant tissue.
 
==ଉତ୍ପାଦନ==
[[file:Lithium mine, Salar del Hombre Muerto, Argentina.jpg|thumb|left|Satellite images of the Salar del Hombre Muerto, Argentina ]]
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୨୭ କ ଧାଡ଼ି:
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[[File:Lithium world production.svg|thumb|left|World production trend of Lithium]]
ଲିଥିୟମ ବହୁଳ ମାତ୍ରାରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର ହଉଥିଲେହେଁ ଏହା ପ୍ରକୃତିକ ଭାବେ ଏହାର ମୂଳ ରୂପରେ ମିଳିନଥାଏ । ଏହାର ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାଶୀଳ ଗୁଣ ଯୋଗୁଁ ଏହା ଏକ ବା ଏକାଧିକ ଅନ୍ୟ ମୌଳିକ ଓ ଯୌଗିକ ଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସହ ବାନ୍ଧି ହୋଇ ରହିଥାଏ । ଖଣିଜ ପଦାର୍ଥରୁ ଏହା ଅତି ଅଳ୍ପ ପରିମାଣରେ ମିଳିଥାଏ; spodumene (LiAl(SiO3)2), amblygonite (Li,Na)AlPO4(F,OH)), lepidolite (KLi2Al(Al,Si)3O10(F,OH)2). ବ୍ୟବସାୟିକ ଭାବେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ଅଧିକାଂଶ ଲିଥିୟମ ବ୍ରିନ୍‌ସ୍ ([[:en:Brine|brines]]) ରୁ ମିଳିଥାଏ । ଏହା ବ୍ୟତୀତ ତରଳ [[ଲିଥିୟମ କ୍ଳୋରାଇଡ]]ରେ ବୈଦୁତିକ ଚାର୍ଜ ପ୍ରବାହିତ କରାଇ ଲିଥିୟମ ବାହାର କରାଯାଏ । ପ୍ରତିବର୍ଷ ପାଖାପାଖି ୩୯ ଟନ ଲିଥିୟମ ତିଆରି ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
 
Abundance
*Universe: 0.006 ppm (by weight)
*Sun: 0.00006 ppm (by weight)
୫୦ କ ଧାଡ଼ି:
{{legend|#e200f4|Pharmaceuticals (2%)}}
{{legend|#da003e|Other (16%)}}]]
Used in batteries, ceramics, glass, lubricants, alloy hardeners, pharmaceuticals, hydrogenating agents, heat transfer liquids, rocket propellants, vitamin A synthesis, nuclear reactor coolant, underwater buoyancy devices and the production of tritium. Deoxidizer in copper and copper alloys.
Alloys of the metal with aluminium, cadmium, copper, and manganese are used to make high performance aircraft parts.
Lithium salts such as lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), lithium citrate, and lithium orotate are mood stabilizers (the effect is due to the lithium ion, so the type of salt is unimportant). They are used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, since unlike most other mood altering drugs, they counteract both mania and depression. Lithium can also be used to augment other antidepressant drugs. Useful amounts of lithium for this use are only slightly lower than toxic amounts, so the blood levels of lithium must be carefully monitored during such treatment.
Lithium metal is used as a catalyst in some types of methamphetamine production, particularly in illegal amateur "meth labs."
 
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